Cryptography and Network Security: Summary
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1 Cryptography and Network Security: Summary Timo Karvi Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
2 Summary of the Requirements for the exam The advices are valid for two years. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
3 Modular Arithmetics You should be able to prove the basic properties of modular arithmetics, understand and be able to construct inverse elements with respect to addition and multiplication. understand the concept of the primitive root and be able to find small primitive roots. It is not necessary to remember the extended Euclidean algorithm. Pocket calculators are not needed. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
4 Finite Fields You should be able to construct finite fields of the form GF(p n ), and to find irreducible polynomials of small degree. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
5 Basic Problems You should be able to explain the factorization problem and it relation to cryptography as well as the discrete logarithm problem. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
6 AES You should know the basic logic of AES and the functioning of SubBytes, ShiftRows and MixColumns operations. However, it is not necessary to remember the S-box or the multiplication matrix of MixColumns. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
7 RSA I You should be able to explain generally, how public and private keys are defined. Moreover, it is expected that you can construct public and private keys concretely when n is small. You should be able to explain the encryption and decryption procedures. It is not necessary to remember the theorems which show how RSA can be broken if some bits of the secret keys are known or if private keys are too small. You should be able to explain the problem of short plaintexts and how this problem is solved in practice (including OAEP). Remember side channel attacks against RSA! It is not necessary to remember the algorithm to calculate powers or requirements for the parameters. Remember how digital signatures are done using RSA. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
8 DH You should be able to explain the basic Diffie-Hellman method to generate keys. Also the man-in-the-middle attack against the basic DH. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
9 Theory You should know how to make addition with elliptic curve points, when the formulas are shown. You should know the formal definitions of Perfect secrecy, predictable PRG, statistical test, secure PRG, semantic security, ECK, CBC, Counter mode, semantically secure under CPA, Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
10 Needham-Schroeder with a Server You should be able to analyze the key generating protocol of Needham and Schroeder. This means that you can find its weak points. You can explain why various parameters are needed and what extra parameters should be added so that the weakness disappears. However, it is not necessary to remember the protocol by heart. You should know the concepts of forward and partial forward secrecy and resistance to key compromise impersonation. Also you can analyse some simple cases if they satisfy these concepts. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
11 Attacks You should be able to explain the various attack possibilities against key agreement or security protocols. For reflection and typing attacks, also examples. You should know the possibility of certificate manipulation, but it is not necessary to remember the example. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
12 Design Principles It may be possible that you have to write an essay about the design principles for cryptographic protocols. The same with the robust principles of public key cryptography. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
13 Protocols I Remember the attack agaist Bellare-Rogaway. Remember the ISO/IEC 9798 protocol 4. A simple security analysis is expected. It is not necessary to remember by heart Andrew s Secure RPC Protocol, but you should be able to analyse it and find its flaw, if ther protocol is shown to you. Similarly with Burrow s modification. You can explain and analyse Boyd s protocol. You should know the Denning-Sacco improvement of Needham-Schroeder. You should know the ISO/IEC protocols and be able to explain their differences. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
14 Protocols II Not necessary to remember the public key version of Needham-Schroeder, but you should be able to analyse it if it is shown to you. The same with Station-to Station Protocol. Not necessary to remember IKE, but you should have some ideas what must be taken into account in practical protocols. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
15 Group Protocols Practical requirements. GDH.2 should be known in such a way that you can even simulate it. Not necessary to remember GDH.1 or 3. Remember BD with broadcasts. Not necessary to remember BD without broadcasts by heart, but you should be able to simulate it, if it is shown to you. The concept of the key tree, calculation principles for the blinded and private keys, join and leave operations should be known. Some ideas about the performance of the various protocols. The authenticated versions of the conference protocols do not belong to the exam area. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
16 Authenticated Encryption Remember the chaining methods and attacks against simple CBC. Remember the formal definition of ciphertext integrity, authenticated encryption and CCA security. Remember examples, correct and incorrect, of practical solutions to ciphertext integrity and authentication. CBC-MAC, NMAC. You should be able to explain TLS. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
17 Proof theory You should be able to explain a proof of a protocol, if such is shown to you. You shouls also know the basic idea of the proofs. Timo Karvi () Cryptography and Network Security: Summary / 17
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