Supporting families whose lives are affected by alcohol or drug use Richard Velleman Emeritus Professor of Mental Health Research, University of Bath

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1 Supporting families whose lives are affected by alcohol or drug use Richard Velleman Emeritus Professor of Mental Health Research, University of Bath Reference list Refs marked with * and in bold are especially relevant In each of these sections below, I have first listed work by the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Group, which I am a part of, and then work by others. 1. The effects on Adult Family members a) The work of the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Group Selected references on the effects on Adult Family members b) Other work on the effects on Adult Family members 2. Interventions with Adult Family members c) The work of the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Group Selected references on the effects on Adult Family members d) Other work on the effects on Adult Family members 3. The effects on Children e) The work of the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Group Selected references on Children and Parents f) Other work on the impact of Substance Misuse on Children 4. Interventions with Children: Resilience: Breaking the links between Childhood Trauma and Negative Outcomes g) The work of the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Group Selected references on Resilience h) Other work on Resilience The effects on Adult Family members The work of the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Group Selected references on the effects on Adult Family members, leading up to the development of the Stress-Strain-Coping- Support Model Reviews: Copello, A. and Orford J. (2002) Addiction and the family: is it time for services to take notice of the evidence? Addiction, 97(11), *Orford, J., Copello, A., Velleman R. & Templeton, L. (2010) Family members affected by a close relative s addiction: the stress-strain-coping-support model. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 17(S1), *Orford, J., Velleman R., Copello, A., Templeton, L. & Ibanga, Akanidomo (2010) The experiences of affected family members: a summary of two decades of qualitative research. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 17(S1), Velleman, R. (1993) Alcohol- and drug-related problems and the family. Archives of Public Health, 36, Velleman, R., Cousins, J. and Orford, J. (2013) The effects of problem gambling on family members. In George, S. and Bowden-Jones, H. (Eds) A Clinician s Guide to Working with Problem Gamblers. London: the Royal College of Psychiatrists. *Velleman, R. & Templeton, L. (2003) Alcohol, Drugs and the Family: results from a long running research programme within the UK. European Addiction Research, 9,

2 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September Research Reports: Arcidiacono, C., Velleman, R., Procentese, F., Albanesi, C. and Sommantico, M. (2009) Impact, Stress, Coping and (lack of) Support in Italian families of drug and alcohol users. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 6(4), *Arcidiacono, C., Velleman, R., Procentese, F., Berti, P., Albanesi, C., Sommantico, M., Copello, A. (2010) Italian Families living with relatives with alcohol or drugs problems. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 17(6), Ahuja, A., Orford, J. & Copello, A. (2003) Understanding how families cope with alcohol problems in the UK West Midlands Sikh community. Contemporary Drug Problems, 30, Krishnan M, Orford J, Bradbury C, Copello A & Velleman R (2001) Drug & alcohol problems: the users perspective on family members coping. Drug & Alcohol Review, 20, Mathews, Z. and Velleman, R. (1997) New age travellers, urban slum dwellers, Aborigines and drug users: experiences of collecting sensitive data from marginalised communities. Bulletin de Methologie Sociologique, 57, Miller, A., Velleman, R., Bennett, G., Orford, J., Rigby, K. and Tod, A. (1997) The use of vignettes in the analysis of interview data: relatives of people with drug problems, in Hayes, N. (Ed) Doing Qualitative Analysis in Psychology, Psychology Press; Hove, (Chapter 10, pp ). Orford, J. (1990) Alcohol and the family: an international review of the literature with implications for research and practice, in Kozlowski, L., Annis, H., Cappell, H., et al (eds.) Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, Vol. 10. New York; Plenum. Orford, J. (1994) Empowering family and friends: a new approach to the secondary prevention of addiction. Drug and Alcohol Review, 13, Orford J, and Edwards G (1977) Alcoholism: A comparison of treatment and advice, with a study of the influence of marriage. Maudsley Monograph 26, Oxford University Press. Orford, J., Guthrie, S., Nicholls, P., Oppenheimer, E., Egert, S and Hensman, C. (1975) Self- Reported Coping Behaviour of Wives of Alcoholics and its Associations with Drinking Outcome. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, Orford J. and Harwin J. (1982) (eds): Alcohol and the Family. London, Croom Helm. Orford, J., Natera, G., Copello, A., et al (2005a) Coping with Alcohol and Drug Problems: The Experiences of Family Members in Three Contrasting Cultures. London; Routledge. Orford, J., Natera, G., Davies, J., et al (1998a) Stresses and strains for family members living with drinking or drug problems in England and Mexico. Salud Mental, 21, Orford, J., Natera, G., Davies, J., et al (1998b) Tolerate, engage or withdraw: a study of the structure of family coping in England and Mexico. Addiction, 93 (12), Orford, J., Natera, G., Davies, J., et al (1998c) Social support in coping with alcohol and drug problems at home: findings from Mexican and English families. Addiction Research, 6(5), Orford, J., Natera, G., Velleman, R., et al (2001) Ways of coping and the health of relatives facing drug and alcohol problems in Mexico and England. Addiction, 96, Orford J, Rigby K, Miller T, Tod A, Bennett G & Velleman R (1992) Ways of coping with excessive drug use in the family: a provisional typology based on the accounts of fifty close relatives. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 2(3), Orford J, Templeton, L., Copello, A., Velleman, R. and Bradbury, C. (2000) Worrying for Drinkers in the Family: An interview study with Aboriginal Australians in urban areas and remote communities in the Northern Territory, Final Report to the Living with Alcohol Program, Territory Health Services, Northern Territory, Australia; pp 69. Orford, J., Templeton, L., Velleman, R. and Copello, A. (2005b) Family members of relatives with alcohol, drug and gambling problems: a set of standardised questionnaires for assessing stress, coping and strain. Addiction, 100,

3 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September Orford, J. and Velleman, R. (2002) Families and alcohol problems. In: Alcohol Research Forum (Eds) 100% Proof: Research for Action on Alcohol, London: Alcohol Concern, pp Toner, P. and Velleman, R. (2014) Initial reliability and validity of a new measure of perceived social support for family members of problem substance users. Addiction Research & Theory, 22 (2), Velleman, R., Bennett, G., Miller, T., Orford, J., Rigby, K., & Tod, A. (1993) The families of problem drug users: the accounts of fifty close relatives. Addiction, 88, *Velleman R, Copello A & Maslin J (2007, Reissued Edition). Living with Drink: Women who live with problem drinkers. London: Pearson Education. Policy Documents: (all of the UKDCP documents are available from: *Copello, A. and Templeton, L. (2012) The Forgotten Carers: Support for adult family members affected by a relative s drug problems. London: UKDPC. Copello, A. and Templeton, L. (2012) Adult Family Members Affected by a Relative s Substance Misuse: A UK-wide survey of services for adult family members of drug misusers. London: UKDPC Copello, A., Templeton, L., Chohan, G. and McCarthy, T. (2012) Adult Family Members Affected by a Relative s Substance Misuse: Qualitative interviews with Commissioners and Service Providers in England and Scotland. London: UKDPC. Copello, A., Templeton, L., Chohan, G. and McCarthy, T. (2012) Supporting adult family members of people with drug problems in Scotland. London: UKDPC. *Copello, A., Templeton, L. and Powell, J. (2009) Adult family members and carers of dependent drug users: prevalence, social cost, resource savings and treatment responses. London: UKDPC. Available from: and Templeton and Copello (2012) Adult Family Members Affected by a Relative s Substance Misuse: A Review of Policy and Guidance Across the UK. London: UKDPC. Templeton L, Velleman R & Zohhadi, S (2007). Supporting Significant Others affected by Substance Misuse: a National Strategy for the Isle of Man. Final document submitted to the Isle of Man Government. *Velleman, R. & Bradbury, C. (2008) Supporting and Involving Carers: A guide for commissioners and providers. London: National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse. Available on line: Other work on the effects on Adult Family members Adams, P. (2008). Fragmented Intimacy: Addiction in a Social World. New York: Springer. Asher, R.M. (1992). Women with Alcoholic Husbands: Ambivalence and the Trap of Codependency. London: The University of North Carolina Press. Brennan, P.L., Moos, R.H., and Kelly, K.M. (1994). Spouses of late-life problem drinkers: Functioning, coping responses, and family contexts. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, Casswell, S., Quan You, R. & Huckle, T. (2011). Alcohol s harm to others: reduced wellbeing and health status for those with heavy drinkers in their lives. Addiction, 106, Chermack, S.T., Murray, R.L., Walton, M.A., Booth, B.A., Wryobeck, J. and Blow, F.C. (2008). Partner aggression among men and women in substance use disorder treatment: correlates of psychological and physical aggression and injury. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 98,

4 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September Garrett, J., Stanton, D., Landau, J., Baciewicz, G., Brinkman-Sull, D. and Shea, R. (1999). The concerned other call: using family links and networks to overcome resistance to addiction treatment. Substance Use and Misuse, 34, Holmila, M. (1988). Wives, husbands, and alcohol: A study of informal drinking control within the family. Helsinki: Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies. Holmila, M. (1997) Family roles and being a problem drinker s intimate other. European Addiction Research, 3, Laslett, A., Catalano, P., Chikritzhs, T., Dale, C., Doran, C., Ferris, J.,... Wilkinson, C. (2010) The range and magnitude of alcohol s harm to others. Victoria: Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre. Moore, T., Stuart, G., Meehan, J., Rhatigan, D., Hellmuth, J. and Keen, S. (2008) Drug abuse and aggression between intimate partners: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, Navarro, H., Doran, M. & Shakeshaft, A. (2011) Measuring costs of alcohol harm to others: a review of the literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 114, Noel, N., McCrady, B., Stout, R., and Fisher Nelson, H. (1991) Gender differences in marital functioning of male and female alcoholics. Family Dynamics of Addiction Quarterly, 1, Philpott, H. and Christie, M. (2008) Coping in male partners of female problem drinkers. Journal of Substance Use, 13, *Ray, G., Mertens, J., & Wiesner, C. (2007) The excess medical cost and health problems of family members of persons diagnosed with alcohol or drug problems. Medical Care, 45, *Ray, G., Mertens, J. & Weisner, C. (2009). Family members of people with alcohol or drug dependence: health problems and medical cost compared to family members of people with diabetes and asthma. Addiction, 104, Weisner, C., Parthasarathy, S., Moore, C. and Mertens, J.R. (2010). Individuals receiving addiction treatment: are medical costs of their family members reduced? Addiction, 105, Interventions with or including Adult Family members The work of the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Group Selected references on interventions with or including Adult Family members Reviews Copello A, Templeton L & Velleman R (2006). Family interventions for drug and alcohol misuse; is there a best practice? Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19, *Copello A, Velleman R & Templeton L (2005). Family interventions in the treatment of alcohol and drug problems. Drug & Alcohol Review, 24(4), Hurcom, C., Copello, A. and Orford, J. (2000) The family and alcohol: effects of excessive drinking and conceptualisations of spouses over recent decades. Substance Use and Misuse, 35, *Orford, J., Velleman, R., Natera, G., Templeton, L. and Copello, A. (2013) Addiction in the family is a major but neglected contributor to the global burden of adult ill-health. Social Science and Medicine, 78, Templeton L, Velleman R & Russell C (2010). Psychological interventions with families of alcohol misusers: a systematic review. Addiction Research and Theory, 18(6), *Velleman R. (2006) The importance of the family members in helping problem drinkers achieve their chosen goal. Addiction Research & Theory, 14(1),

5 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September Velleman, R. and Templeton, L. (2002) Family interventions in substance misuse. In T. Peterson & A. McBride [Eds.] Working with Substance Misusers: a guide to theory and practice, London: Routledge, Chapter 10, pp Velleman, R. & Templeton, L. (2003) Alcohol, Drugs and the Family: results from a long running research programme within the UK. European Addiction Research, 9, Research Reports testing the 5-Step Method Arcidiacono, C.,. Fioretti, G., Velleman, R. and de Georgio, U. (2006) Professionals evaluation of the 5-Steps Method for helping family members of substance misusers in the context of the Italian Health Services. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 14, Arcidiacono, C., Sarnacchiaro, P. and Velleman, R. (2008) Testing fidelity to a new psychological intervention for family members of substance misusers, during implementation in Italy. Journal of Substance Use, 13(6), Arcidiacono C., Velleman R. and Procentese F. (2010) A synergy between action-research and a mixed methods design for improving services and treatment for family members of heavy alcohol and drug users. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 20 (2), *Copello, A., Orford, J., Velleman, R., Templeton, L. and Krishnan, M (2000a) Methods for reducing alcohol and drug related family harm in non-specialist settings. Journal of Mental Health, 9, *Copello, A., Templeton L., Krishnan M., Orford J. and Velleman R (2000b) A treatment package to improve primary care services for relatives of people with alcohol and drug problems. Addiction Research, 8, *Copello, A., Templeton, L., Orford, J., Velleman, R., Patel, A., Moore, L. and Macleod, J. (2009) The relative efficacy of two levels of a primary care intervention for family members affected by the addiction problem of a close relative: a randomised trial. Addiction, 104 (1), Orford, J., Copello, A., Simon, A., Waheed, H., Fazil, Q., Graham, H., Mahmood, M., McNeil, S. and Roberts, G. (2009). Offering a service to BME family members affected by close relatives drug problems. In: S. MacGregor (Ed). Responding to Drug Misuse: Research and Policy Priorities in Health and Social Care. Chapter 14. London: Routledge. Orford, J., Templeton, L., Copello, A., Velleman, R., Ibanga, A. and Binnie, C. (2009) Increasing the involvement of family members in alcohol and drug treatment services: the results of an action research project in two specialist agencies. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 16 (5), Orford, J., Templeton, L., Patel, A., Velleman, R. and Copello, A. (2007b) The 5-Step family intervention in primary care: II. The views of primary healthcare professionals. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 14, Orford, J., Templeton, L., Patel, A., Copello, A. and Velleman, R. (2007a) The 5-Step family intervention in primary care: I. Strengths and limitations according to family members. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 14, Orford, J., Templeton, L., Velleman, R. and Copello, A. (2005b) Family members of relatives with alcohol, drug and gambling problems: a set of standardised questionnaires for assessing stress, coping and strain. Addiction, 100, Templeton, L. (2009) Use of a structured brief intervention in a group setting for family members living with substance misuse. Journal of Substance Use, 14(3), Templeton, L., Zohhadi, S. and Velleman, R. (2007) Working with family members in specialist drug and alcohol services: findings from a feasibility study. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 14, *Velleman, R., Arcidiacono, C., Procentese, F., Copello, A. and Sarnacchiaro, P. (2006) A 5- Step intervention to help family members in Italy who live with substance misusers. Journal of Mental Health, 17(6),

6 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September *Velleman, R., Orford, J., Templeton, L., Copello, A., Patel, A., Moore, L., Macleod, J. and Godfrey, C. (2011) 12-month follow-up after brief interventions in primary care for family members affected by the substance misuse problem of a close relative. Addiction Research and Theory, 19(4), Research Reports testing Social Behaviour and Network Therapy and UKATT *Copello, A., Orford, J., Hogson. R. and Tober, G. (2009) Social Behaviour and Network Therapy for Alcohol Problems. London: Routledge. Copello, A., Orford, J., Hogson R, Tober G & Barrett C (2002). Social behaviour and network therapy: Basic principles and early experiences. Addictive Behaviours, 27, Copello, A., Williamson, E., Orford J & Day E (2006). Implementing and evaluating Social Behaviour and Network Therapy in drug treatment practice in the UK: a feasibility study. Addictive Behaviours, 31(5), Tober, G., Clyne, W., Finnegan, O., Farrin, A. and Russell, I. in collaboration with the UKATT Research Team (2008) Validation of a Scale for Rating the Delivery of Psycho-Social Treatments for Alcohol Dependence and Misuse: The UKATT Process Rating Scale (PRS). Alcohol & Alcoholism, 43(6), Tober, G., Godfrey, C., Parrott, S., Copello, A., Farrin, A., Hodgson, R., Kenyon, R., Morton, V., Orford, J., Russell I. and Slegg, I. on behalf of the UKATT Research Team. (2005) Setting standards for training and competence: the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial. Alcohol & Alcoholism. 40(5), *UKATT Research Team (2005) Effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: findings of the randomised UK Alcohol Treatment Trial. British Medical Journal, 331, UKATT Research Team (2005) Cost effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: findings from the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT). British Medical Journal, 331, UKATT Research Team (2008) UK Alcohol Treatment Trial: client treatment matching effects. Addiction, 103, Williamson, E, Smith M, Orford J, Copello A & Day E (2007). Social Behaviour and Network Therapy for drug problems: evidence of benefits and challenges, Addictive Disorders & their Treatment, 6(4), Other work on interventions with or including Adult Family members *Barber, J. and Crisp, B. (1995) The pressures to change approach to working with the partners of heavy drinkers. Addiction, 90, *Barber, J. and Gilberston, R. (1996) An experimental study of brief unilateral intervention for the partners of heavy drinkers. Research Social Work Practice, 6, Dittrich, J. (1993) Group programs for wives of alcoholics. In: T.J. O Farrell (ed.) Treating Alcohol Problems: Marital and Family Interventions, New York: Guildford Press, Edwards, M. and Steinglass, P. (1995) Family therapy treatment outcomes for alcoholism. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21, Epstein, E. and McCrady, B. (1998). Behavioral couples treatment of alcohol and drug use disorders: current status and innovations. Clinical Psychology Review, 18 (6), Epstein, E. and McCrady, B. (2002) Couple therapy in the treatment of alcohol problems. In A. Gurman and N. Jacobson (Eds.) Clinical Handbook of Marital Therapy (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Fals-Stewart W. and Birchler, G. (2001) A national survey of the use of couples therapy in substance abuse treatment, Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 20, Galanter, M. (1999). Network Therapy for Alcohol and Drug Abuse (Expanded edition), New York: Guilford Press. Halford, W., Price, J., Kelly, A., Bouma, R. and Young, R. (2001). Helping the female partners of men abusing alcohol: a comparison of three treatments, Addiction, 96,

7 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September *Liddle, H. (2004) Family-based therapies for adolescent alcohol and drug use: research contributions and future research needs. Addiction, 99 (s2), McCrady, B.S., Epstein, E.E., and Hirsch, L.S. (1999). Maintaining change after conjoint behavioral alcohol treatment for men: Outcomes at six months. Addiction, 94, McCrady, B. S., Noel, N. E., Abrams, D. B., Stout, R. L., Nelson, H. F., & Hay, W. M. (1986) Comparative effectiveness of three types of spouse involvement in outpatient behavioral alcoholism treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 47, Meyers, R.J. & Miller W.R. (2001). (Eds.). A Community Reinforcement Approach to Addiction Treatment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. International Research Monograph in the Addictions (IRMA). Meyers, R., Miller, W., Smith, J., Tonigan, J., (2002) A randomized trial of two methods for engaging treatment-refusing drug users through concerned significant others. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70 (5); Meyers, R. J., Smith, J. E., & Miller, E. J. (1998). Working through the concerned significant other. In W. R. Miller, N. Heather. (Eds.), Treating addictive behaviors (2nd ed.). (pp ). New York: Plenum Press. Miller, W. (2003) A collaborative approach to working with families. Addiction, 98, 5-6. Miller, W., Meyers, R. and Tonigan, J. (1999). Engaging the unmotivated in treatment for alcohol problems: a comparison of three strategies for intervention through family members, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, Miller, W. & Wilbourne, P. (2002) Mesa Grande: a methodological analysis of clinical trials of treatments for alcohol use disorders. Addiction, 97, Noel, N.E. and McCrady, B.S. (1993) Alcohol-focused spouse involvement with behavioral marital therapy, In: O'Farrell, T.J. (ed.) Treating Alcohol Problems: Marital and Family Interventions. Chapter 8, pp O Farrell, T. (1993) (Ed.) Treating Alcohol Problems: Marital and Family Interventions. New York; Guilford Press. O'Farrell, T., Choquette, K. & Cutter, H. (1998) Couples relapse prevention sessions after behavioral marital therapy for male alcoholics: Outcomes during the three years after starting treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59, *O'Farrell, T. and Fals-Stewart, W. (2006) Behavioral Couples Therapy for Alcoholism and Drug Abuse. New York; Guilford Press. *Roberts, L. and McCrady, B. (2003) Alcohol Problems in Intimate Relationships: Identification and Intervention: A Guide for Marriage and Family Therapists. Washington, NIAA. Rychtarik, R.G. and McGillicuddy, N.B. (2005). Coping skills training and 12-step facilitation for women whose partner has alcoholism: effects on depression, the partner s drinking, and partner physical violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, *Smith J Ellen & Meyers RJ (2004) Motivating Substance Abusers to Enter Treatment: Working with Family Members. New York; Guildford Press. Stanton, D. and Shadish, W. (1997). Outcome, attrition, and family-couples treatment for drug abuse: A Meta-Analysis and review of the controlled, comparative studies. Psychological Bulletin. 2, Stanton, M., Todd, T. and Associates (1982) The Family Therapy of Drug Abuse and Addiction. New York: Guilford Press. Thomas, C. & Ager, R. (1993) Unilateral family therapy with spouses of uncooperative alcohol abusers. In: O'Farrell, T., ed. Treating Alcohol Problems: Marital and Family Interventions, pp New York: Guilford Press. Yates, F. (1988) The evaluation of a co-operative counselling alcohol service which uses family and affected others to reach and influence problem drinkers, British Journal of Addiction, 83,

8 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September The effects on Children The work of the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Group Selected references on Children and Parents Adamson, J. & Templeton, L. (2012) Silent Voices: Supporting children and young people affected by parental alcohol misuse. London: Office of the Children s Commissioner for England. *Kroll. B. and Taylor, A. (2003) Parental Substance Misuse and Child Welfare. London, Jessica Kingsley. Orford, J., Krishnan, M. & Velleman, R. (2003) Young adult offspring of parents with drinking problems: a study of childhood family cohesion using simple family diagrams. Journal of Substance Use, 8, Orford, J. & Velleman, R. (1990) Offspring of parents with drinking problems: drinking and drugtaking as young adults. British Journal of Addiction, 85, Orford, J. & Velleman, R. (1991) The environmental intergenerational transmission of alcohol problems: a comparison of two hypotheses. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 64, Orford, J. & Velleman, R. (1995) Childhood and adulthood influences on the adjustment of young adults with and without parents with drinking problems. Addiction Research, 3, Taylor, A., Toner, P., Templeton, L. & Velleman, R. (2008) Parental Alcohol Misuse in Complex Families: The Implications for Engagement. British Journal of Social Work, 38 (5), Templeton, L., Velleman, R., Hardy, E. & Boon, S. (2009) Young people living with parental alcohol misuse and parental violence no-one has ever asked me how I feel in any of this. Journal of Substance Use, 14(3-4), *Velleman, R. (1992) Intergenerational effects - a review of environmentally oriented studies concerning the relationship between parental alcohol problems and family disharmony in the genesis of alcohol and other problems. I: the alcohol literature. International Journal of the Addictions, 27(3), Velleman, R. (1992) Intergenerational effects - a review of environmentally oriented studies concerning the relationship between parental alcohol problems and family disharmony in the genesis of alcohol and other problems. II: the wider family disharmony literature. International Journal of the Addictions, 27(4), (Also reprinted in 1994 in Pettit, E. (Ed.) Child Development in a Changing Society, University of North Carolina Press (Timely Issues in Print Series); North Carolina.) Velleman, R. (1993) Alcohol and the Family. Institute of Alcohol Studies Occasional Paper. London; Institute of Alcohol Studies. pp21. Velleman, R. (2001) Working with substance misusing parents as part of Court Proceedings. Representing Children, 14, Velleman, R. (2002) The Children of Problem Drinking Parents: An Executive Summary. London: Executive Summary series; Centre for Research on Drugs & Health Behaviour, Executive Summary 70, 1-5. Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour. CRDHB Executive Summary, in press. Velleman, R. (2004) Alcohol and drug problems: an overview of the impact on children and the implications for practice, in Gopfert, M., Webster, J. and Seeman, M. (Eds.) Seriously Disturbed and Mentally Ill Parents and their Children, 2 nd Edition, Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, Chapter 13, Velleman, R. (2008) Parental substance misuse: impact on children and implications for practice. The Clinician, 4, Velleman, R. & Orford, J. (1990) Young adult offspring of parents with drinking problems: recollections of parents' drinking and its immediate effects. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29,

9 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September Velleman, R. & Orford, J. (1993a) The importance of family discord in explaining childhood problems in the children of problem drinkers. Addiction Research, 1, Velleman, R. & Orford, J. (1993b) The adulthood adjustment of offspring of parents with drinking problems. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, *Velleman, R. & Orford, J. (1999) Risk & Resilience: Adults who were the Children of Problem Drinkers. London; Harwood, pp 294, plus xi. Velleman, R. and Reuber, D. (2007) Domestic Violence and Abuse experienced by Children and Young People living in Families with Alcohol Problems: Results from a Cross-European Study. Cologne: ENCARE and Daphne. Available on line: 349a0e491c7c/ALC_VIOL_ParentalAlcoholProblems_EN.pdf Velleman, R., Reuber, D., Klein, M., Templeton, L. & Moesgen, D. (2008) Domestic abuse experienced by young people living in families with alcohol problems: Results from a cross- European study. Child Abuse Review, 17, Other work on the impact of Substance Misuse on Children *Alcohol Concern (2010) Swept under the carpet: Children affected by Parental Alcohol Misuse. London: Alcohol Concern. Available online at t.pdf Arria, A., Mericle, A., Meyers, K. and Winters, K. (2012). Parental substance use impairment, parenting and substance use disorder risk. Journal of Substance Use Treatment, 43, Barnard, M. (2006) Drug Addiction and Families. London: Jessica Kingsley. Barnard M & McKeganey N (2004) The impact of parental problem drug use on children: what is the problem and what can be done to help. Addiction, 99(5), Brisby, T., Baker, S. & Hedderwick, T. (1997) Under the Influence: coping with parents who drink too much a report on the needs of the children of problem drinking parents. London: Alcohol Concern. *Cleaver, H., Unell, U. and Aldgate, J. (2011) Children s Needs Parenting capacity Child Abuse: Parental Mental Illness, Learning Disability, Substance Misuse and Domestic Violence, 2 nd Edition. London: Department of Health. Forrester, D. (2004) Social work assessments with parents who misuse drugs or alcohol, in Phillips R (Ed) Children exposed to parental substance misuse: implications for family placement. London: British Association for Adoption and Fostering. Forrester, D. & Harwin, J. (2004) Social work and parental substance misuse, in Phillips R (Ed) Children exposed to parental substance misuse: implications for family placement. London: British Association for Adoption and Fostering. Gorin, S. (2004) Understanding what children say. Children s experiences of domestic violence, parental substance misuse and parental health problems. London: National Children s Bureau. *Harbin F & Murphy M (2000) (Eds) Substance misuse and child care: How to understand, assist and intervene when drugs affect parenting. Lyme Regis, Russell House Publishing. *Manning et al (2009) New estimates of the number of children living with substance misusing parents: results from UK national household surveys. BMC Public Health, 9, doi: / McNeill, A. (1998) Alcohol Problems in the Family. A report to the European Union. Eurocare & COFACE. Rutter, M. (2006) Implications of Resilience Concepts for Scientific Understanding. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094,

10 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September *Sartor, C., Lynskey, M., Heath, A., Jacob, T. and True, W. (2007) The role of childhood risk factors in initiation of alcohol use and progression to alcohol dependence. Addiction, 102(2), Turning Point (2006) Bottling it Up : the effects of alcohol misuse on children, parents and families. London; Turning Point. Available online at ottlingitup2011turning-point.pdf Williams, B. (2004) Review of projects and initiatives that support children and families affected by alcohol misuse. Final Report to AERC; London: Alcohol Concern. 4. Interventions with Children: Resilience: Breaking the links between Childhood Trauma and Negative Outcomes The work of the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Group Selected references on Resilience Templeton, L. (2010) Meeting the needs of children with the 5-Step Method. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 17(S1), Templeton, L. (2012) Supporting families living with parental substance misuse: the M-PACT (Moving Parents and Children Together) Programme. Child & Family Social Work, Early Online. Templeton, L. (2012) Dilemmas of Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren because of Parental Substance Misuse. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 19(1): Templeton L (2013). Building resilience and reducing risks in children affected by serious untreated parental mental illness, problematic substance use and domestic violence. Final Report for the Ministry of Health and the Ministry for Child and Family Development, British Columbia, Canada (currently unpublished). Templeton, L., Novak, C. & Wall, S. (2011) Young people s views on services to help them deal with parental substance misuse. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 18(3): Templeton, L., Zohhadi, Z., Galvani, S. and Velleman, R. (2006) Looking Beyond Risk : Parental Substance Misuse: Scoping Study. Pp iii Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. Plus: Templeton, L., Zohhadi, Z., Galvani, S. and Velleman, R. (2006) Looking Beyond Risk : Parental Substance Misuse: Scoping Study, Summary Report (pp4). Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. Templeton, L., Zohhadi, S. & Velleman, R. (2006) Working with the children and families of problem alcohol users: A Toolkit. Bath: University of Bath. Velleman, R. (2001) Working with substance misusing parents as part of Court Proceedings. Representing Children, 14, Velleman, R. (2009a) How do children and young people learn about alcohol: a major review of the literature for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Velleman, R. (2009b) Children, young people and alcohol: how they learn and how to prevent excessive use. JRF Findings. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Available online from Velleman, R. (2009c) Influences on how children and young people learn about and behave towards alcohol: a review of the literature. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Available online from *Velleman, R. (2009d) Alcohol Prevention Programmes: A review of the literature for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Available online from Velleman, R., Mistral, W. and Sanderling, L. (1999) Involving parents in drugs prevention. In Evaluating Effectiveness: Drug Prevention Research Conference, Drug Prevention Initiative, Paper 20. London; Home Office, pp Velleman, R., Mistral, W. and Sanderling, L. (2000) Taking the Message Home: involving Parents 10

11 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September in Drugs Prevention. London; Home Office. Drugs Prevention Advisory Service Paper, Paper 5, pp. 47. Velleman, R., Mistral, W. and Sanderling, L. (2000) Taking the Message Home: involving Parents in Drugs Prevention. London; Home Office. Drugs Prevention Advisory Service Paper, Briefing 5 (a summary of DPAS Paper 5, Velleman et al, 2000a), pp 4. Velleman, R. & Templeton, L. (2006) Reaching Out Promoting resilience in the children substance misusers. In Harbin F & Murphy M (Eds) Secret Lives: Growing with Substance. Working with children and young people affected by familial substance misuse. Chapter 2; Lyme Regis; Russell House. *Velleman, R. and Templeton, L. (2007) Understanding and modifying the impact of parental substance misuse on children. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 13, Velleman, R. and Templeton, L. (2007) Substance misuse by children and young people: the role of the Family and implications for intervention and prevention. Paediatrics and Child Health, 17, * Velleman, R., Templeton, L. and Copello, A. (2005) The role of the family in preventing and intervening with substance use and misuse: a comprehensive review of family interventions, with a focus on young people. Drug & Alcohol Review, 24, Wall, S. & Templeton, L. (2011) The use of drawings to explore young people s views of a service for those affected by parental alcohol misuse. Journal of Substance Use 16(6): Other work on Resilience Armstrong, M., Birnie-Lefcovitch, S. and Ungar, M. (2005) Pathways between social support, family well being, quality of parenting, and child resilience: what we know. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14 (2), *Barnard, M. (2003) Between a rock and a hard place: the role of relatives in protecting children from the effects of parental drug problems. Child and Family Social Work, 8, Dishion, T. and Connell, A. (2006) Adolescents resilience as a self-regulatory process: promising themes for linking intervention with developmental science. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1094, *Forrester, D. and Harwin, J. (2011). Parents Who Misuse Drugs and Alcohol: Effective Interventions in Social Work and Child Protection. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. *Gilligan, R. (2000) Promoting Resilience: A Resource Guide on Working with Children in the Care System. British Agencies for Adoption and Fostering. Harrop, E., Addis, S., Elliott, E. and Williams, G. (2006) Resilience, coping and salutogenic approaches to maintaining and generating health: a review. Available on line: Review_on_Resilence_coping_and_salutogenic_approaches_to_health.pdf *Newman, T. (2002) Promoting Resilience: A Review of Effective Strategies for Child Care Services. Centre for Evidence-based Social Services & Barnados. Rutter, M. (2006) Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1094, * Sawyer, E. (2009) Building Resilience in Families Under Stress: Supporting families affected by parental substance misuse and/or mental health problems. London: National Children s Bureau. Spaccarelli, S. and Kim, S. (1995) Resilience criteria and factors associated with resilience in sexually abused girls. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2009) Guide to implementing family skills training programmes for drug abuse prevention. New York: United Nations. Available on line: PRINTING%20received% pdf 11

12 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September Waaktaar, T., Christie, H., Borge, A., et al (2004) How can young people s resilience be enhanced? Experiences from a clinical intervention project. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 9, Werner, E. (1993) Risk, resilience and recovery. Perspectives from the Kauai Longitudinal Study. Development and Psychopathology, 5, Werner, E. & Johnson, J. (1999) Can we apply resilience? In Resilience and Development: Positive Life Adaptations (eds M. Glantz & J. Johnson), pp Academic Press/ Plenum Publishers. White, C., Warrener, M., Reeves A. and La Valle, I. (2008) Family Intervention Projects: An Evaluation of their Design, Set-up and Early Outcomes. Research Report DCSF-RW047. London: National Centre for Social Research and DCSF. Available on line: As well as all of this above, there is a Supplement to Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy (2010, volume 17, supplement 1) which came out at the end of 2010 given over entirely to the SSCS model and the 5-Step method (a few of the papers are listed above as well), the contents of which are shown below. The 5-Step Method: a research based programme of work to help family members affected by a relative s alcohol or drug misuse Contents A special supplement of Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (DEPP, 2010, 17, Supplement 1) on the work of the UK Alcohol, Drugs and the Family (ADF) collaborative research group List of contributors Section I: Introduction and Policy Context An introduction to the supplement The ADF Group The policy context: reversing a state of neglect Richard Velleman Section II: The experiences and costs of being an affected family member Family members affected by a close relative s addiction: the stress-strain-coping-support model Jim Orford, Alex Copello, Richard Velleman & Lorna Templeton The experiences of affected family members: a summary of two decades of qualitative research Jim Orford, Richard Velleman, Alex Copello, Lorna Templeton & Akanidomo Ibanga The impact of addiction on the family: estimates of prevalence and costs Alex Copello, Lorna Templeton & Jane Powell Methods of assessment for affected family members Jim Orford, Lorna Templeton, Richard Velleman & Alex Copello 12

13 Reference list for The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Richard Velleman, September Section III: The 5-Step Method in Practice The 5-Step Method: principles and practice Alex Copello, Lorna Templeton, Jim Orford & Richard Velleman The 5-Step Method: evidence of gains for affected family members Alex Copello, Lorna Templeton, Jim Orford & Richard Velleman Section IV: Extensions to the work Meeting the needs of children with the 5-Step Method Lorna Templeton Web-based 5-Step Method for affected family members Akanidomo Ibanga Working with teams and organisations to help them involve family members Jim Orford, Lorna Templeton, Alex Copello, Richard Velleman & Akanidomo Ibanga Section V: The 5-Step Method: implementation, delivery and next steps A commentary from the perspective of family members Viv Evans A practitioner s commentary Richard McVey Applying the 5-Step Method to children and affected family members: opportunities and challenges within policy and practice Judith Harwin An international perspective: constructing intervention strategies for families in Mexico Guillermina Natera, Jazmín Mora, Marcela Tiburcio & Perla Medina Conclusion: The 5-Step Method: future directions Alex Copello, Lorna Templeton, Jim Orford, Richard Velleman & Akanidomo Ibanga Richard Velleman, May