COMPONENTS in a database environment
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1 COMPONENTS in a database environment DATA data is integrated and shared by many users. a database is a representation of a collection of related data. underlying principles: hierarchical, network, relational or semantic. SOFTWARE the components of a database management system: data definition and data manipulation. USERS application programmers, non-computer science expert and experienced user. HARDWARE consequences for the architecture of a database system. developments: time sharing, file server, client/server J.H. ter Bekke, Semantic data modeling - introduction sheet 5
2 DATA: INTEGRATED AND SHARED database management system (DBMS) APPLICATIONS BATCH PROGRAMS INTERACTIVE END-USERS 1999 J.H. ter Bekke, Semantic data modeling - introduction sheet 6
3 SOFTWARE: database management system language DBMS results database DATA ALL COMMUNICATION THROUGH DATA LANGUAGE STATEMENTS: DEFINITION PART: DDL commands to define database structures. MANIPULATION PART: DML command driven (query language statements), forms driven (application generator) J.H. ter Bekke, Semantic data modeling - introduction sheet 7
4 WHY DATABASES? centralized control of operational data ADVANTAGES: reduction of redundancy: no conflicting data for the same object. stimulation of common usage: data can be used for more than one application. standardization: standards stimulate exchange of data. for security reasons: administration of data results in better management. for integrity reasons: integrity of data is independent of several applications. availability enhancements: data can be used directly J.H. ter Bekke, Semantic data modeling - introduction sheet 8
5 ARCHITECTURE OF A DBMS EXTERNAL LEVEL individual user views mapping CONCEPTUAL LEVEL common view mapping INTERNAL LEVEL physical storage THE TWO MAPPINGS GUARANTEE: VIEW INDEPENDENCE the conceptual model is independent of one single view. DATA INDEPENDENCE the conceptual model is independent of one single implementation J.H. ter Bekke, Semantic data modeling - introduction sheet 9
6 SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS an overview TIME SHARING MODEL mainframe and terminals. FILE SERVER MODEL server and personal computers. CLIENT/SERVER MODEL servers and personal computers in network J.H. ter Bekke, Semantic data modeling - introduction sheet 10
7 TIME SHARING MODEL (ENVIRONMENT: mainframe or minicomputer) components: operating system, DBMS and applications are running on a single computer. interaction: through terminals, user interface is generated by mainframe or minicomputer. processing: by one or more cooperating processors. integrity: centralized control of data and users. DISADVANTAGE: computer cannot be optimized for all tasks. client client client client client DBMS OPERATING SYSTEM DATA 1999 J.H. ter Bekke, Semantic data modeling - introduction sheet 11
8 FILE SERVER MODEL (ENVIRONMENT: file server and workstations) components: DBMS and application program are separated from the database. interaction: through workstations, screen layout is generated by workstations. processing: all processing is carried out by one or more intelligent workstations. integrity: decentralized control of data and users. ADVANTAGE: user interface can be optimized. client client client client client DBMS DBMS DBMS DBMS DBMS OPERATING SYSTEM DATA 1999 J.H. ter Bekke, Semantic data modeling - introduction sheet 12
9 CLIENT/SERVER MODEL (ENVIRONMENT: PC s and database servers) components: application programs communicating via network with one or more dbms servers. interaction: communication based on standard query language processing: user interface and data access are separated. integrity: decentralized control of data and users. ADVANTAGE: optimal user interface optimal data access by database server client client client client client NETWORK DBMS OPERATING SYSTEM DBMS OPERATING SYSTEM DATA DATA 1999 J.H. ter Bekke, Semantic data modeling - introduction sheet 13
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