LESSON 1: Old and modern creatures

Transcription

1 LESSON 1: Old and modern creatures A apple ÓÙ ÛÂÈ ÛÙÈ ÛÎ ÛÂÈ μπμ π ª Δ 1. READING 1A. Reading Ô Ù Í ٠apple Ú Î Ùˆ Ù Ú Ù Î È Ù ÚÈ Í Ù Ì ÙÔ Ù ÙÏÔ ÙˆÓ ÎÂÈÌ ÓˆÓ: Polyphemus the Cyclops: c Oberon, Titania, Puck and Tinkerbelle, the fairies: b Shrek the ogre: a 1B. È Û ٠ΠÌÂÓ Î È Ï ÙÈ appleúôù ÛÂÈ A-D appleô Ï appleô Ó ÛÙËÓ Î Ù ÏÏË- ÏË ı ÛË: A. they get married and they have children: 2 B. Then he swims off with his pockets full of sailors: 1 C. They soon fall in love with each other and get married: 4 D. Everywhere he goes, people and animals flee: Vocabulary Polyphemus (Ô Û.) [appleôï ÊÈ̺Û]: ÔÏ ÊËÌÔ Cyclops/Cyclopes (Ô Û.) [Û ÈÎÏÔappleÛ/Û ÎÏfiappleÈÛ]: Îψapple / Îψapple one-eyed (Âapple ı.) [ÁÔ Ó Èd]: ÌÔÓfiÊı ÏÌÔ huge (Âapple ı.) [ ÈÔ Ù ]: ÙÂÚ ÛÙÈÔ savage (Âapple ı.) [Û± ÈÙ ]: ÁÚÈÔ creature (Ô Û.) [ÎÚÈ:Ù º]: appleï ÛÌ island (Ô Û.) [ ÈϺÓd]: ÓËÛ nothing ( ÓÙ.) [Ó ıè ]: Ù appleôù fight (Ú.) [Ê ÈÙ]: apple Ï ˆ each other (ÊÚ.) [ÈÙ º]: Ô Ó Ì ÙÔÓ ÏÏÔÓ wild (Âapple ı.) [ÁÔ ÈÏd]: ÁÚÈÔ goat (Ô Û.) [ÁÎfiÔ Ù]: Î ÙÛ Î try (Ú.) [ÙÚ È]: appleúôûapple ıò enough (Âapple ı.) [ÈÓ Ê]: ÚÎÂÙfi fill (Ú.) [ÊÈÏ]: ÁÂÌ ˆ belly (Ô Û.) [b ÏÈ]: ÎÔÈÏÈ storm (Ô Û.) [ÛÙÔ:Ì]: ÙÚÈÎ Ì, ı ÂÏÏ bring (Ú.) [búè ]: Ê ÚÓˆ 56

2 μπμ π ª Δ Old and modern creatures Lesson 1 shipwrecked (ÌÙ.) [ appleúâîù]: Î Ú ÔÙÛ ÎÈÛÌ ÓÔ, Ó Áfi sailor (Ô Û.) [Û ÈϺ]: Ó ÙË alive (Âapple ı.) [ºÏ È ]: ˆÓÙ Ófi (fi È ÓÂÎÚfi ) fierce (Âapple ı.) [Ê ºÚÛ]: ÁÚÈÔ, Ó Ùfi is named (ÊÚ.) [È Ó ÈÌÙ]: ÔÓÔÌ ÂÙ È keep vigil (ÊÚ.) [ÎÈ:apple Ù ÈÏ]: Ì Óˆ Í ÁÚ appleóô fair weather or foul (ÊÚ.) [Ê º ÁÔ º Ô: Ê Ô Ï]: Ì ΠÏfi Ì ΠÎfi Î ÈÚfi spot (Ú.) [ÛappleÔÙ]: È ÎÚ Óˆ, Í ˆÚ ˆ ( Ó ÌÂÛ Û appleôïï ) dive (Ú.) [d È ]: Ô ÙÒ ÛÙË ı Ï ÛÛ underwater (Âapple ı.) [ ÓdºÁÔ fiùº]: appleô Ú ÈÔ underneath (appleúfiı.) [ ÓdºÓ ı]: Î Ùˆ applefi overturn (Ú.) [Ô ºÙº:Ó]: Ó appleô ÔÁ Ú ˆ swim off (Ú.) [ÛÔ Ì ÔÊ]: appleôì ÎÚ ÓÔÌ È ÎÔÏ ÌappleÒÓÙ however (Û Ó.) [ Ô º]: fiìˆ according to (ÊÚ.) [ºÎfi:dÈ ÙÔ ]: Û ÌÊˆÓ Ì Homer (Ô Û.) [ ºÔ ̺]: ŸÌËÚÔ Ulysses (Ô Û.) [ÁÈÔ Ï Ûº ]: ÛÛ manage (Ú.) [̱ÓÈÙ ]: Î Ù Ê ÚÓˆ escape (Ú.) [ÈÛÎ Èapple]: Ú appleâùâ ˆ cave (Ô Û.) [Î È ]: ÛappleËÏÈ smart (Âapple ı.) [ÛÌ :Ù]: Í appleóô cunning (Âapple ı.) [Î ÓÈ ]: appleôóëúfi fairy (Ô Û.) [Ê ºÚÈ]: ÓÂÚ È appear (Ú.) [ºapple º(Ú)]: ÂÌÊ Ó ÔÌ È tiny (Âapple ı.) [Ù ÈÓÈ]: ÌÈÎÚÔÛÎÔappleÈÎfi winged (Âapple ı.) [ÁÔ d]: ÊÙÂÚˆÙfi good hearted (Âapple ı.) [ÁÎÔ d :ÙÈd]: Î ÏfiÎ Ú Ô behave (Ú.) [bè È ]: Û ÌappleÂÚÈÊ ÚÔÌ È human (Âapple ı.) [ ÈÔ ÌºÓ]: ÓıÚÒappleÈÓÔ get married (ÊÚ.) [ÁÎÂ٠̱ÚÈd]: apple ÓÙÚ ÔÌ È like/unlike (appleúfiı.) [Ï ÈÎ/ ÓÏ ÈÎ]: fiappleˆ / ÓÙ ıâù supernatural (Âapple ı.) [ÛÔ appleºó±ù ºÚºÏ]: appleâúê ÛÈÎfi power (Ô Û.) [apple Ô º]: Ó ÌË, ÈÎ ÓfiÙËÙ at best (ÊÚ.) [æù bâûù]: ÛÙËÓ Î Ï ÙÂÚË ÙˆÓ appleâúèappleùòûâˆó unpredictable (Âapple ı.) [ ÓappleÚÈd ÎÙºbÏ]: appleúfi ÏÂappleÙÔ at worst (ÊÚ.) [±Ù ÁÔ º(Ú)ÛÙ]: ÛÙË ÂÈÚfiÙÂÚË ÙˆÓ appleâúèappleùòûâˆó dangerous (Âapple ı.) [d ÈÓÙ ºÚºÛ]: ÂappleÈÎ Ó ÓÔ companion (Ô Û.) [κÌapple±ÓȺÓ]: Û ÓÙÚÔÊÔ delightful (Âapple ı.) [dèï ÈÙʺÏ]: ÁÔËÙ ÙÈÎfi delicate (Âapple ı.) [d ÏÈκÙ]:  ıú ÛÙÔ unfriendly (Âapple ı.) [ ÓÊÚºÓdÏÈ]:  ıúèîfi 1 57

3 Lesson 1 Old and modern creatures μπμ π ª Δ loyal (Âapple ı.) [ÏfiÈ Ï]: appleèûùfi Shakespeare (Ô Û.) [ ÈÎÛapple º(Ú)]: ÍappleËÚ (Ô appleèô È ÛËÌÔ appleôèëù Î È ıâ ÙÚÈÎfi Û ÁÁÚ Ê ÙË ªÂÁ ÏË μúâù Ó ) play (Ô Û.) [appleï È]: ıâ ÙÚÈÎfi ÚÁÔ A Midsummer Night s Dream (ÊÚ.) [± ÌÈdÛ Ìº Ó ÈÙÛ dúè:ì]: «ŸÓÂÈÚÔ ÏÔÎ ÈÚÈÓ Ù» (Ù ÙÏÔ ıâ ÙÚÈÎÔ ÚÁÔ ÙÔ ÍappleËÚ) nasty (Âapple ı.) [Ó±ÛÙÈ]: Û ÚÂÛÙÔ, Û ËÌÔ king (Ô Û.) [ÎÈ ]: ÛÈÏÈ wicked (Âapple ı.) [ÁÔ ÎÈd]: Î Îfi queen (Ô Û.) [ÎÔ Ó]: Û ÏÈÛÛ order (Ú.) [fi(ú)dº]: È Ù ˆ playful (Âapple ı.) [appleï ÈʺÏ]: apple È ÓÈ È ÚÈÎÔ naughty (Âapple ı.) [ÓfiÙÈ]: Ù ÎÙÔ messenger (Ô Û.) [Ì ÛÈÓÙ º]: ÁÁÂÏÈ ÊfiÚÔ play tricks (ÊÚ.) [appleï È ÙÚÈÎÛ]: Î Óˆ appleï ÎÂ, Ê ÚÛ fall in love (with) (ÊÚ.) [ÊÔÏ ÈÓ Ï ÁÔ ]: ÂÚˆÙ ÔÌ È wake up (Ú.) [ÁÔ ÈÎ apple]: Í appleóò horrible (Âapple ı.) [ fiúèbï]: apple ÛÈÔ ogre (Ô Û.) [fiô Áκ]: Ú ÎÔ, Ìapple ÌappleÔ Ï spit (Ú.) [ÛappleÈÙ]: ÊÙ Óˆ flame (Ô Û.) [ÊÏ ÈÌ]: ÊÏfiÁ smoke (Ô Û.) [ÛÌfiÔ Î]: Î appleófi ugly (Âapple ı.) [ ÁÎÏÈ]: Û ËÌÔ guy (Ô Û.) [ÁÎ È]: Ù appleô flee (Ú.) [ÊÏÈ:]: Ê Áˆ, ÙÔ ÛÎ ˆ frighten (Ú.) [ÊÚ ÈÙÓ]: ÊÔ ˆ himself ( ÓÙ.) [ ÈÌÛ ÏÊ]: Ô ÈÔ mirror (Ô Û.) [Ì Úº(Ú)]: Î ıú ÊÙË kick him goodbye (ÊÚ.) [ÎÈÎ ÈÌ ÁÎÔ db È]: appleô ÈÚÂÙÒ Ì ÌÈ ÎÏÔÙÛÈ send off (Ú.) [ÛÂÓd ºf]: ÈÒ Óˆ world (Ô Û.) [ÁÔ Ïd]: ÎfiÛÌÔ proud (of) (Âapple ı.) [appleú Ô d (º )]: appleâú Ê ÓÔ (ÁÈ ) strange (Âapple ı.) [ÛÙÚ ÈÓÙ ]: apple Ú ÍÂÓÔ disgusting (Âapple ı.) [dèûáî ÛÙÈ ]: Ë È ÛÙÈÎfi adventure (Ô Û.) [ºd ÓÙ e(ú)]: appleâúèapple ÙÂÈ along the way (ÊÚ.) [ºÏfi  ÁÔ È]: ÛÙËÓ appleôúâ meet (Ú.) [ÌÈ:Ù]: Û Ó ÓÙÒ witch (Ô Û.) [ÁÔ Ù ]: Ì ÁÈÛÛ knight (Ô Û.) [Ó ÈÙ]: ÈappleapplefiÙË dragon (Ô Û.) [dú±áîºó]: Ú ÎÔ finally (Âapple ÚÚ.) [Ê ÈÓºÏÈ]: ÙÂÏÈÎ 58

4 μπμ π ª Δ Old and modern creatures Lesson 1 hideous (Âapple ı.) [ dèºû]: apple ÛÈÔ princess (Ô Û.) [appleú ÓÛÂÛ]: appleúèáî appleèûû even (Âapple ÚÚ.) [ ÂÓ]: ÎfiÌ Î È unattractive (Âapple ı.) [ ÓºÙÚ±ÎÙÈ ]: Û ËÌÔ, ÌË ÂÏÎ ÛÙÈÎfi enter (Ú.) [ ÓÙº]: Ìapple Óˆ Ì Û castle (Ô Û.) [Î ÛÏ]: Î ÛÙÚÔ guest (Ô Û.) [ÁÎÂÛÙ]: ÊÈÏÔÍÂÓÔ ÌÂÓÔ surprised (Âapple ı.) [ÛºappleÚ È Ù]: ÎappleÏËÎÙÔ bride (Ô Û.) [bú Èd]: Ó ÊË cactus (Ô Û.) [k±îùºû]: Î ÎÙÔ bouquet (Ô Û.) [bô Î È]: ÌappleÔ Î ÙÔ Á ÏfiÁÈ ÁÈ ÙÔ Î ÌÂÓÔ Δ Î ÌÂÓ ÙÔ ÎÂÊ Ï Ô ÌÈÏ Ó ÁÈ ÁÓˆÛÙ appleï ÛÌ Ù -Ù Ú Ù. ÁÓˆÛÙfi ÔÏ ÊËÌÔ Â Ó È Ó ÌÔÓfiÊı ÏÌÔ, ËÏfi Î È ÁÚÈÔ Îψapple appleô ÂÈ ÛÂ Ó ÓËÛ Ì ٠ÏÊÈ ÙÔ Î È ÙÚÒÂÈ Ó ÁÔ appleô ÊÙ ÓÔ Ó ÛÙÔ ÓËÛ ÎÔÏ Ìapple ÂÈ ÛÙ ıè, Ó appleô ÔÁ Ú ÂÈ appleïô Î È ÙÚÒÂÈ ÙÔ Ó ÙÈÎÔ. È Oberon, Titania, Puck Î È Tinkerbelle Â Ó È ÌÈÎÚÔÛÎÔappleÈÎ, ÊÙÂÚˆÙ, Î ÏfiÎ Ú Â, apple È ÓÈ È ÚÂ, ÊÈÏÈÎ Î È Ù ÎÙ ÓÂÚ È Â appleô Ô Ó Û Ó ÓıÚˆappleÔÈ, apple ÓÙÚ ÔÓÙ È Î È Î ÓÔ Ó apple È È, ÏÏ Î È ÌappleÔÚÔ Ó Ó Á ÓÔ Ó appleúfi ÏÂappleÙÂ,  ıúèî Î È ÂappleÈÎ Ó Ó fiù Ó ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈÔ Ó ÙÈ appleâúê ÛÈÎ ÙÔ Ó ÌÂÈ. Shrek Â Ó È Ó apple ÛÈÔ, apple Ó Û ËÌÔ, Ë È ÛÙÈÎfi Ú ÎÔ appleô ÊÔ ÂÈ ÙÔ ÓıÚÒappleÔ, ÎfiÌ Î È ÙÔÓ ÈÔ ÙÔ ÙÔÓ Â Ùfi. Ù Ù Í È ÙÔ fiìˆ ÛÙÔÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ ÁÓˆÚ ÂÈ ÌÈ appleúèáî appleèûû appleô Â Ó È ÎfiÌ appleèô Û ËÌË applefi ÙfiÓ, ÂÚˆÙ ÔÓÙ È Î È apple ÓÙÚ ÔÓÙ È. 59

5 Lesson 1 Old and modern creatures μπμ π ª Δ È ÓıÚˆappleÔÈ apple ÓÙ ÊÙÈ Ó Ó ÈÛÙÔÚ Â ÁÈ Ì ÛÙËÚÈÒ Ë appleï ÛÌ Ù, appleô apple ÛÙÂ Ó fiùè È Ê ÚÔ Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÌÊ ÓÈÛË applefi ÙÔ ÓıÚÒappleÔ Î È Ô Ó ÍÂ ˆÚÈÛÙ appleâúê ÛÈÎ Ó ÌÂÈ. 1C. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔ ËÛÂ ÙÈ appleïëúôêôú Â ÛÙ ÎÂ ÌÂÓ ÁÈ Ó Û ÌappleÏËÚÒÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ apple - Ó Î appleô ÎÔÏÔ ıâ : Monster/Creature Cyclopes Fairies Ogre Names Polyphemus Tinkerbelle, Oberon, Titania Shrek What they look like huge, one eye very small, tiny, beautiful big, ugly What they are like savage, dangerous good-hearted, playful, proud of naughty himself 1D. ΔÒÚ È ÏÂÍÂ Ó Ù Ú Î È Ì ÏËÛÂ ÁÈ Ùfi: The Minotaur was a creature that had the body of a man and the head and tail of a bull. He lived at the centre of the Labyrinth near king Minos' palace in Knossos, Crete. The Minotaur ate young men and women, but Theseus, from Athens, finally killed him with the sword of Aegeus and help from Ariadne, Minos daughter, who fell in love with him and fled with him to Athens. ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÂ appleïëúôêôú Â Î È ÁÈ ÏÏ Ù Ú Ù ÌappleÔÚÂ Ó ÚÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ ÂÈÎÙÈÎ apple ÓÙËÛË ÙË ÛÎËÛË DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTIONS - 2B/C (ÛÂÏ. 66). 2. GRAMMAR 2A. È ÛÂ ÙÔÓ apple Ú Î Ùˆ È ÏÔÁÔ. μúâ ÙÈ Û ÁÎÚ ÛÂÈ appleô Î ÓÔ Ó Ô John Î È Ë Mary Ó ÌÂÛ ÛÙ Ù Ú Ù ÙˆÓ ÎÂÈÌ ÓˆÓ Î È Û ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÙÈ ÊÚ ÛÂÈ appleô ÏÂ appleô Ó ÛÙÔ È ÏÔÁÔ: Mary: The Cyclops Polyphemus is bigger and stronger than Shrek. John: He may be bigger, but Shrek is more horrible than him. When he looks at himself in the mirror he is frightened. He is the ugliest of all the creatures on this page. Pupil 1: Look at Tinkerbelle. She looks so playful and naughty! Pupil 2: I don t think so. I think Puck is naughtier/the naughtiest of all! He plays tricks on people. 60

6 μπμ π ª Δ Old and modern creatures Lesson 1 2B. ΔÒÚ Û ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛ ÙÔÓ Î ÓfiÓ : Comparative Form: We add -er/-ier than in short adjectives and more + adjective than in long adjectives. Superlative Form: We add the -est/-iest of/in in short adjectives and the most + adjective of/in in long adjectives. 2D. Vocabulary vicious (Âapple ı.) [ ºÛ]: Î Îfi serious (Âapple ı.) [Û ÚȺÛ]: ÛÔ Úfi friendly (Âapple ı.) [ÊÚ ÓdÏÈ]: ÊÈÏÈÎfi unfriendly (Âapple ı.) [ ÓÊÚ ÓdÏÈ]: ÌË ÊÈÏÈÎfi,  ıúèîfi kind (Âapple ı.) [Î ÈÓd]:  ÁÂÓÈÎfi unkind (Âapple ı.) [ ÓÎ ÈÓd]: ÛÎÏËÚfi, ˆÚ  Á ÓÂÈ attractive (Âapple ı.) [ºÙÚ±ÎÙÈ ]: ÂÏÎ ÛÙÈÎfi, fiìôúêô sensitive (Âapple ı.) [Û ÓÛºÙÈ ]:  ÛıËÙÔ insensitive (Âapple ı.) [ÈÓÛ ÓÛºÙÈ ]: Ó ÛıËÙÔ, ˆÚ  ÈÛıËÛ predictable (Âapple ı.) [appleúèd ÎÙºbÏ]: appleúô Ï ÈÌÔ expensive (Âapple ı.) [ÂÎÛapple ÓÛÈ ]: ÎÚÈ fi inexpensive (Âapple ı.) [ÈÓÂÎÛapple ÓÛÈ ]: ÊÙËÓfi active (Âapple ı.) [±ÎÙÈ ]: Ú ÛÙ ÚÈÔ inactive (Âapple ı.) [ÈÓ±ÎÙÈ ]: Ú Ó. PRACTICE A. Fairy-tale heroes ª ÏËÛ ÁÈ ÚˆÂ applefi apple Ú Ì ıè appleô Í ÚÂÈ : È ÏÂÍÂ Ó Ó Úˆ Î È Ì - ÏËÛ ÁÈ ÙÈ ÈÎ ÓfiÙËÙÂ Î È ÙËÓ appleúôûˆappleèîfiùëù ÙÔ. ªÂÙ Û ÁÎÚÈÓ ÙÔ ÚˆÂ ÌÂÙ Í ÙÔ. Peter Pan is smart, playful, funny, naughty. Captain Hook is fierce, wild, vicious, wicked. Cinderella is good-hearted, poor, beautiful, hard-working, friendly. Cinderella s sisters are moody, ugly, boring, unpleasant, unfriendly, unattractive. Snow White is beautiful, young, good-hearted, friendly, kind, delightful. Snow White s mother is dangerous, wicked, vicious, mean, ugly. 61

7 Lesson 1 Old and modern creatures μπμ π ª Δ Snow White s mother is uglier than Cinderella s sisters. Captain Hook is wilder than Cinderella s sisters. Cinderella is not as naughty as Peter Pan. Snow White is more beautiful than Cinderella. Snow White is the most beautiful character of all. Cinderella s sisters are the most boring characters of all. Peter Pan is the funniest character of all. B. Pair work: A monster s ID È ÏÂÍÂ Ó Ù Ú Î È Ì ÏËÛ ÛÙÔ/Ë Ê ÏÔ/Ë ÛÔ ÁÈ Ùfi. ªÂÙ Û ÌappleÏ Úˆ- Û ÙËÓ Ù ÙfiÙËÙ : Pupil A Ó ÂÚˆÙ ÛÂÈ ÁÈ ÙÔ Ù Ú ÙÔ /ÙË Ê ÏÔ /Ë ÛÔ. ªÂÙ ÎÔ Ù Í ÛÙË ÛÂÏ. 18 ÁÈ Ó ÚÂÈ appleïëúôêôú  ÁÈ ÙÔ Ù Ú ÛÔ Î È Ó apple ÓÙ ÛÂÈ ÛÙÈ ÂÚˆ- Ù ÛÂÈ ÙÔ /ÙË. Pupil B Ô Ù Í ÛÙË ÛÂÏ. 15 ÁÈ Ó ÚÂÈ appleïëúôêôú  ÁÈ ÙÔ Ù Ú ÛÔ Î È Ó apple ÓÙ ÛÂÈ ÛÙÈ ÂÚˆÙ ÛÂÈ ÙÔ /ÙË Ê ÏÔ /Ë ÛÔ. ªÂÙ Î Ó ÙÔ /ÙË ÂÚˆ- Ù ÛÂÈ ÁÈ Ó Û ÌappleÏËÚÒÛÂÈ ÙËÓ Ù ÙfiÙËÙ. Aapple ÓÙËÛË: What s your name? Polyphemus/Shrek. How old are you? I m 75/20 years old. How tall are you? I m 2.40m/1.95m tall. How much do you weigh? I weigh 270/145 kilos. What s special about your eyes? I ve got one fierce eye/two ugly eyes. º ÓÙ ÛÔ fiùè ÙÔ Ù Ú ÙÔ /ÙË Ê ÏÔ /Ë ÛÔ Î Ù ËÙÂ Ù È applefi ÙËÓ ÛÙ ÓÔÌ. Ú Â ÙËÓ appleâúèáú Ê ÙÔ Î È ÊÙÈ Í ÌÈ ˆÁÚ ÊÈ ÙÔ. My friend s monster is called Medusa. She is a terrible female monster who weighs 100 kilos and is 2 metres tall. She has got long, sharp teeth, wings and snakes for hair. She has got two vicious green eyes and anyone who looks into her eyes becomes stone. If you see her, don t look at her in the eyes! Call the police immediately! 62

8 μπμ π ª Δ Old and modern creatures Lesson 1 C. What am I like? What do other people think of me? È ÏÂÍ 4 Âapple ıâù appleô appleèûùâ ÂÈ fiùè Û appleâúèáú ÊÔ Ó fiûô appleèô Î Ï Á ÓÂÙ È. ªÂÙ ÚÒÙ ÙÔ/ÙË Ê ÏÔ/Ë ÛÔ ÙÈ appleèûùâ ÂÈ ÁÈ Û Ó. Ú Â Î È ÙÈ Ô applefi- ÂÈ Î È Ï Ù ÛÙÔ portfolio ÛÔ. Vocabulary talkative (Âapple ı.) [ÙfiκÙÈ ]: ÔÌÈÏËÙÈÎfi moody (Âapple ı.) [ÌÔ dè]: appleô ÏÏ ÂÈ Û Ó È ıâûë/ Î ÙÛÔ ÊË anxious (Âapple ı.) [± Î Û]: Ó Û Ô careful (Âapple ı.) [Î º(Ú)ʺÏ]: appleúôûâîùèîfi boring (Âapple ı.) [bfiºúè ]: ÚÂÙfi funny (Âapple ı.) [Ê ÓÈ]: ÛÙÂ Ô pleasant (Âapple ı.) [appleï ºÓÙ]:  ÚÈÛÙÔ unpleasant (Âapple ı.) [ ÓappleÏ ºÓÙ]: Û ÚÂÛÙÔ I m funny, pleasant and friendly but sometimes I can be moody. I tell jokes and make my friends laugh and I always try to help them. But sometimes, when I m tired, I am moody. Then, I don t like talking and playing with my friends. 6

9 LESSON 2: Do you believe in ghosts? A apple ÓÙ ÛÂÈ ÛÙÈ ÛÎ ÛÂÈ μπμ π ª Δ 1. LISTENING 1A. È Û ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ ÁˆÁ appleô ÎÔÏÔ ıâ,  ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ Î È apple ÓÙËÛ ÙÈ ÂÚˆÙ ÛÂÈ : ÎÔ ÛÂÈ ÌÈ apple Ú ÍÂÓË, apple ÏÈ ÈÛÙÔÚ ÁÈ Ó Â Á ÚÈ applefi ÙË ÀfiÚ- ÎË appleô Á Ú Ô Ó Ûapple ÙÈ ÙÔ applefi Ó Ù Í È ÛÙËÓ ÁÁÏ. Δ ÍÈ Â Ô Ó Ì ÌÈ Ì Í Ì ÏÔÁ Î È Â Ó È Î appleô ÎÔÓÙ ÛÙËÓ Spiegletown fiù Ó Ó ÙÒÓÂÈ Î È appleú appleâè Ó ÚÔ Ó Î appleô Ó appleâú ÛÔ Ó ÙËÓ Ó Ù. a. Where is the story taking place? Near Spiegletown. b. Is it a story of the present or the past? It s a story of the past. c. Who is it about? It s about two people/a couple from New York. d. What are these people doing? They are returning home from a trip/they are travelling on a horse carriage. 1B. ΔÒÚ ÎÔ Û ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ Î È apple ÓÙËÛ ÙÈ apple Ú Î Ùˆ ÂÚˆÙ ÛÂÈ : 1. The night is extremely dark. 2. The old people s house is less luxurious than a hotel.. The old lady offers the travellers the most delicious cakes they have ever had. 4. Before they leave, the travellers leave a coin on the kitchen table because the old couple were very helpful. 5. When they drive back they realise the house is in ruins. 1C. È Ù ÙÔ ÚÁÔ ÔÓÔÌ ÂÙ È The fifty-cent piece ; ÔÈÔÓ ÏÏÔÓ Î Ù ÏÏËÏÔ Ù ÙÏÔ ÌappleÔÚÂ Ó ÛÎÂÊÙ ; The haunted house, Ghosts of the past, The travellers and the ghosts, The ghosts of the Browns, The ghosts house 64

10 μπμ π ª Δ Do you believe in ghosts? Lesson 2 1D. Work in pairs ΔÈ ÎÔÏÔ ıâ ; È apple Ú Î Ùˆ ÛÎËÓ Â Ó È applefi ÙÔ ÚÁÔ The fifty-cent piece. ŒÓ applefi ÙÔ ÚˆÂ Ï ÂÈ Î ÙÈ. Ô Ï Ù Û  Á ÚÈ, ÛÎÂÊ٠٠ÙÈ apple ÓÙ - ÂÈ Ô ÏÏÔ Úˆ Î È ÁÚ Ù ٠ÏfiÁÈ ÙÔ : George, I m so tired, I can t stay up longer! Look! There s a house over there. Maybe we can stay there for the night!/can you see that house? Let s ride our horse there. Do you think we could spend the night here? Our pleasure, welcome/please, welcome! Please, have a cup of hot tea and some cakes! Thank you so much! That s so nice of you! Here, a fifty-cent coin! Put it at the centre of the table! Where do you say that house is? On the hill, just outside Spiegletown. Look! Look on the kitchen table! Gosh! My/A fifty-cent piece! E. Just for fun ªappleÔÚÂ Ó apple ÓÙ ÛÂÈ Ù ÙÈ ÂÚˆÙ ÛÂÈ ; The monster quiz! What do monsters read everyday? They read their horror-scope (instead of horoscope). What do we call a friendly and handsome monster? A friendly and handsome monster is a failure. (Monsters must be wicked and ugly). What do monsters eat for lunch? They eat fish and ships. (instead of fish and chips). What do we call a famous monster? A famous monster is a mon-star (instead of monster). 65

11 Lesson 2 Do you believe in ghosts? μπμ π ª Δ. GRAMMAR A. More comparisons ÃÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔ ËÛÂ ÙÈ ÊÚ ÛÂÈ ÛÙ apple Ú Â ÁÌ Ù ÁÈ Ó Û ÌappleÏËÚÒÛÂÈ ÙÈ appleúôù ÛÂÈ : a. Puck is playful. Tinkerbelle is playful, too. Puck is as playful as Tinkerbelle. b. Polyphemus is bigger than Shrek. Shrek isn t as big as Polyphemus. c. Polyphemus is more horrible than Shrek. Shrek isn t as horrible as Polyphemus. d. Shrek is ugly. Polyphemus is ugly, too. Shrek is as ugly as Polyphemus. Which of the above sentences say that two monsters are the same? Puck is as playful as Tinkerbelle Î È Shrek is as ugly as Polyphemus. Which of the above sentences say that two monsters are different? Shrek isn t as big as Polyphemus Î È Shrek isn t as horrible as Polyphemus. B. Forming adverbs ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÙÔÓ Î ÓfiÓ : Adverbs are words that answer the question HOW? To form a regular adverb, we add -ly to an adjective. 4. PRACTICE 4A. Pair work: Cartoon heroes ÔÈÔ Úˆ applefi ÎÈÓÔ ÌÂÓ Û È Î ÓÂÈ Ù apple Ú Î Ùˆ; a. Runs in the desert the fastest: Road runner. b. Fights for justice in Gotham City the hardest: Batman. c. Flies in the air of Metropolis the highest: Superman. d. Eats the most greedily: Obelix. e. Thinks the most cleverly: Asterix. f. Keeps his money the most safely: Scrooge McDuck. g. Draws his gun the most quickly: Lucky Luke. 66

12 μπμ π ª Δ It s your choice Appendix I ÔÈ ÂÈ ÈÎ ÈÎ ÓfiÙËÙ ÂÈ Ô Î ı Ó applefi ÙÔ ÙÔ ÚˆÂ ; Ú Â ÁÈ ÙÔÓ Á appleëì ÓÔ ÛÔ. Road Runner is the fastest coyote. Batman is the strongest hero. Superman can climb up buildings the highest. Obelix is the greediest/ has the most physical power. Asterix is the cleverest/ the most cunning. Scrooge McDuck is the stingiest/ the meanest. Lucky Luke is the bravest. APPENDIX I IMAGINARY CREATURES 1. Obelix at the gym μπμ π ª Δ ÂÏ Í ı ÏÂÈ Ó ÛÂÈ ÚÔ. ËÙ Ì ÙÔÓ apple ÏÏËÏÔ ÛÙÔ Á ÌÓ ÛÙ - ÚÈÔ.  ÙËÓ Ù ÙfiÙËÙ ÙÔ Î È Û ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛ ÙÔ È ÏÔÁÔ: Receptionist: What s your name? Obelix: My name is Obelix. Receptionist: How old are you? Obelix: Iãm 25. Receptionist: How tall are you? Obelix: Iãm 6 feet tall. Receptionist: How much do you weigh? Obelix: 250 pounds. Receptionist: Do you have any health problems? Obelix: No, I haven t got any. 67

13 APPENDIX I It s your choice μπμ π ª Δ 2. Ancient Greek pottery 2A.  ÙÔ Ú Ô ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi Ô ÙË ÂÈÎfiÓ Î È appleâú ÁÚ Â Ù Ù Ú Ù appleô  - Ó È ˆÁÚ ÊÈÛÌ Ó apple Óˆ ÙÔ.  ÙÔ Î ÌÂÓÔ ÛÙ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎ Ó ÚÂÈ ÂÛ È Ô ıâè : On this pottery we can see Hercules fighting with Centaurs Nessos. We can see Perseas cutting Medusa s horrible head. A centaur is half man and half horse. He lives in mountains and forests and eats raw meat. Some centaurs are savage and violent and some are hospitable and good hearted. Medusa was once a beautiful woman. Now she looks horrible and her hair is a mass of snakes. She is hideous, unfriendly and disgusting. 2B/C. æ Í ÛÙÔ È ÎÙ Ô ÁÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ ÏÏˆÓ ˆv Ì apple ÚfiÌÔÈ appleï ÛÌ Ù. ªÂ- Ù ÁÚ Â Ó Î ÌÂÓÔ ÁÈ Ù Î È apple ÚÔ Û Û ÙÔ ÛÙËÓ Ù ÍË: Ú Î Ùˆ ÌappleÔÚÂ Ó È ÛÂÈ appleïëúôêôú  ÁÈ È ÊÔÚ appleï ÛÌ Ù Î È Úˆ-  ÙË Ì ıôïôá Î È Ó ÙÈ ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈ ÛÂÈ ÁÈ ÙÔ Î ÌÂÓÔ appleô ı ÁÚ ÂÈ. ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ Â Î È ÁÈ ÙÔ ªÈÓÒÙ ÚÔ ÌappleÔÚÂ Ó ÚÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ ÂÈÎÙÈÎ apple ÓÙË- ÛË ÙË ÛÎËÛË READING 1D (ÛÂÏ. 58). Medusa was a gorgon, a terrible female monster with long, sharp teeth, wings and snakes for hair. Anyone who saw her turned to stone. The hero Perseus, with help from Athena and Hermes who gave him winged sandals, Hades' cap of invisibility, a sword and a mirrored shield, killed Medusa. He made her look at herself in the mirror and she turned into stone. Then he cut off her head and gave it to the goddess Athena to put on her shield. Centaurs are part human and part horse. They had the body of a man and the legs of a horse. They lived in Magnesia and Mount Pelion in Thessaly. They were fierce creatures who drank a lot of wine, but one of them, Chiron, was the kindest and most intelligent centaur. He had a lot of knowledge in medicine. He was a great doctor, astrologer and teacher. Hercules (or Heracles) was the son of Zeus and Alcmene. He was the greatest of the Greek heroes. Eurystheus asked Heracles to carry out ten very difficult labours and Heracles, who was the bravest and strongest hero, carried them out successfully. One day, while he was travelling to Tiryns, a centaur, Nessus, offered to help Deianeira, Heracles wife, across a river. But Nessus tried to steal Deianara away while Heracles was in the water. Heracles was very angry and killed Nessus. Before dying, Nessus 68

14 μπμ π ª Δ It s your choice Appendix I gave Deianara his shirt and told her to give it to Heracles as a present. Deianeira gave Heracles Nessus shirt, but the shirt was poisonous and tore Heracles skin. Heracles was in great pain. He lit a fire and died in it. Theseus was a king of Athens, son of Aethra and Aegeus. He was a brave young man and Athenians loved him. Athens was at war with king Minos of Crete and king Minos won the war. Every seven years, Athenians sent seven boys and seven girls to Crete and the Minotaur, who lived in the Labyrinth, ate them. Theseus took the place of one of the boys and went to Crete to kill the monster. King Minos' daughter Ariadne, out of love for Theseus, helped him kill the Minotaur and find his way out of the Labyrinth. Theseus and the other Athenians returned safely to Athens. Pegasus was a winged horse, a horse-god that came out of Medusa's neck when Perseus cut her head off. Bellerophon caught Pegasus, and presented him to the Muses at Mount Parnassus. After he became the horse of the Muses, Pegasus was at the service of the poets and he carried the thunderbolts for Zeus. Python was the earth-dragon of Delphi and appeared in vase-paintings as a big snake. She lived in Delphi, the centre of the earth and guarded this sacred place. Talos was a giant man of bronze who protected Europa in Crete. He went around the island three times a day and threw rocks at any ship that came near. Talos had one vein, which went from his neck to his ankle and there was only one bronze nail that stopped him from bleeding. Jason and the Argonauts came near Crete in their ship, the Argo, after getting the Golden Fleece. As guardian of the island, Talos threw rocks at them. Medea, who was on the Argo, hypnotized him and she made him take out the bronze nail. Talos lost all his blood and died. The Lernaean Hydra was a dragon-like monster with a lot of heads and a poisonous breath. She lived in the lake of Lerna in the Argolid. Under the waters of the lake was an entrance to the Underworld, and the Hydra was its guardian. Heracles killed the Hydra of Lerna as one of his Twelve Labours. 69

15 Vocabulary Δ Δƒ π ƒ πø B apple ÓÙ ÛÂÈ ÛÙÈ ÛÎ ÛÂÈ Δ Tƒ π ƒ πø A. VOCABULARY 1. μ ÏÂ Ù apple Ú Î Ùˆ Âapple ıâù ÛÂ ÙÚÂÈ ÛÙ ÏÂ : SIZE CHARACTER APPEARANCE large vicious disgusting tiny savage unattractive huge fierce frightening oversized dangerous monstrous friendly ugly good-hearted horrible funny hideous naughty delicate cunning delightful unpredictable mysterious smart supernatural playful 2. Δ ÚÈ ÍÂ Ù ÓÙ ıâù : huge tiny horrible lovely vicious good hearted naughty good playful serious 70

16 Δ Δƒ π ƒ πø Vocabulary. ΔÒÚ, ÚÂ ÂÛ ÙÈ ÓÙ ıâùâ Ï ÍÂÈ : attractive unattractive friendly unfriendly active inactive happy unhappy expensive inexpensive kind unkind predictable unpredictable 4. Δ ÚÈ ÍÂ ÙÈ Ï ÍÂÈ ÙË ÛÙ ÏË ÌÂ Ù ÙË ÛÙ ÏË μ: sleep= turn in very tired= exhausted warm and comfortable= cosy track= path ruins= remains I am scared= I am afraid 5. ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÙÔ È ÏÔÁÔ ÌÂ ÙÈ appleúôù ÛÂÈ a-d: Good evening! Sorry for disturbing you so late. Can we spend the night with you here? We are travelling as far as New York but it s already dark. (1) We feel so tired! We are about to turn in, but please, welcome! You look so exhausted! (2) Our house is not as luxurious as a hotel but it s cosy! Please, have a cup of hot tea and some cakes. They are freshly baked. () Thank you. I haven t tasted cakes as delicious as these before! Please allow me to pay for the room and food you are giving us. Oh, no! We could never accept money for a service as small as this. (4) We consider you as our guests. 71

17 Grammar Δ Δƒ π ƒ πø 6. Δ ÚÈ ÍÂ Ù ÎÂ ÌÂÓ ÌÂ ÙÈ ÂÈÎfiÓÂ. μúâ 4 Âapple ıâù Ó appleâúèáú ÂÈ ÙËÓ Î ıâ- ÌÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ : Â ÌÂÓÔ a: Centaurs (ÂÓ ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi Âapple ıâùô: unpredictable). Â ÌÂÓÔ b: Medusa (ÂÓ ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi Âapple ıâùô: disgusting). Â ÌÂÓÔ c: Minotaur (ÂÓ ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi Âapple ıâùô: monstrous). Â ÌÂÓÔ d: Sphinx (ÂÓ ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi Âapple ıâùô: cunning). 7. ÂÚ ÁÚ Â ÙÔÓ/ÙËÓ Á appleëì ÓÔ ÛÔ Úˆ ÎÈÓÔ Ì ÓˆÓ Û Â ˆÓ ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈÒÓÙ fiû appleâúèûûfiùâú Âapple ıâù ÌappleÔÚÂ. ΔÈ ÂÌÊ ÓÈÛË ÂÈ; Ò Â Ó È Ô Ú ÎÙ Ú ÙÔ ; My favourite cartoon character is Donald Duck. He is a delightful white duck with a yellow nose, legs and feet. He usually wears a sailor shirt, a cap and a red or black bow tie. He lives in Duckburg with his naughty nephews Huey, Dewey and Louie. He is not rich and always asks his stingy uncle Scrooge McDuck for money. He is adventurous, good-hearted, funny, playful and talkative, but sometimes he can be unpredictable. He always tries to help his uncle Scrooge save money, but he always ends up in trouble! B. GRAMMAR 1. ÁÎÚÈÓÂ ÙÈ Ô ÂÈÎfiÓÂ. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔ ËÛÂ Ù Âapple ıâù ÛÙËÓ apple Ú ÓıÂÛË: a. Obelix is stronger than Asterix. b. Cinderella s clothes are more beautiful than Tinkerbelle s clothes. c. Polyphemus is heavier than Shrek. d. Shrek is uglier than his princess. 2. ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÙÈ appleúôù ÛÂÈ ÌÂ ÙÔ Û ÁÎÚÈÙÈÎfi ıìfi ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈı ÙˆÓ ÛÙËÓ apple - Ú ÓıÂÛË. ÂÎ ÓËÛÂ ÙÈ appleúôù ÛÂÈ ÌÂ ÙÈ Ï ÍÂÈ appleô ÓÔÓÙ È: a. The Amazon River is longer than the Mississippi River. b. India is more populated than Saudi Arabia. c. New York is larger than Los Angeles. d. Antarctica is colder than Canada. e. Mount Everest is higher than Mount Kilimanjaro. f. Lake Baikal is deeper than the Caspian Sea. 72

18 Δ Δƒ π ƒ πø Grammar. ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÙÔÓ appleâúıâùèîfi ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈı ÙˆÓ. ΔÔ ÍÂÚÂ Ùfi; a. Asia is the largest continent in the world? (large) (44,579,000 sq km). b. Africa is the continent with the most countries? (many) (5) c. The Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean on Earth? (deep) (10,924 m). d. The Vatican is the smallest country in the world? (small) (0.44 sq km). e. Luxembourg is the richest country in the world? (rich) (GNP $45,60). f. Mozambique is the poorest country in the world? (poor) (GNP $80). g. The Nile is the longest river on Earth? (long) (6,825 km). 4. ÚÈÛÌ Ó ÛÙÔÈ Â ÁÈ ÙËÓ ı Ó : Û ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÌÂ ÙÔÓ Î Ù ÏÏËÏÔ Ù appleô ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈı ÙˆÓ: a. Athens is the largest city in Greece. b. No other Greek city has as many inhabitants as Athens. c. The Athens underground is the newest underground in Europe. d. The Athens Acropolis is one of the most famous sights worldwide. e. Athens is one of the oldest cities in the world. 5. Â ÙÈ appleïëúôêôú Â ÁÈ Ù Ô Ûapple ÙÈ Î È ÁÚ Â appleúôù ÛÂÈ ÁÈ Ó Ù Û - ÁÎÚ ÓÂÈ ÌÂÙ Í ÙÔ. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔ ËÛÂ ÙÔ than Î È ÙË ÊÚ ÛË as as : Louis Place is older than the Bell House. The Bell House is bigger than Louis Place/Louis Place is smaller than the Bell House. The Bell House is more expensive than Louis Place/Louis Place is cheaper than the Bell House/Louis Place is not as expensive as the Bell House is. The Bell House has got as many living rooms as Louis Place. The Bell House has got as many bathrooms as Louis Place. 6. ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÙÈ appleúôù ÛÂÈ ÌÂ ÙÔ Û ÁÎÚÈÙÈÎfi ÙÔÓ appleâúıâùèîfi ıìfi ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈÚÚËÌ ÙˆÓ ÛÙËÓ apple Ú ÓıÂÛË: a. The lorry driver drives more carefully than the taxi driver. b. Sophia sings the most beautifully of all. c. Peter works harder than Jerry. d. Aeroplanes travel the fastest of all travel means. e. Helen dances worse than Sonia. 7

19 Grammar Δ Δƒ π ƒ πø 7. È ÛÂ ÙÈ Ô appleúôù ÛÂÈ Î È Û ËÌ ÙÈÛÂ Î ÈÓÔ ÚÈÂ ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈÒÓÙ ÙÈ Ï ÍÂÈ ÛÙËÓ apple Ú ÓıÂÛË: a. Markos is as young/old as Dimitris. b. Martha sings the most beautifully of all. c. Terry has got more money than Jim. d. Ted works harder than Alan. e. This beach is the cleanest of the island. 8. È ÛÂ ÙÈ appleïëúôêôú Â ÁÈ Ù Ô Ù Ú Ù Î È ÁÚ Â ÙÚÂÈ appleúôù ÛÂÈ ÚË- ÛÈÌÔappleÔÈÒÓÙ ÙË ÊÚ ÛË as as Î È Ù Âapple ıâù ÛÙÔ ÎÔ Ù : The dragon is not as old as the Cyclops/ the Cyclops is not as old as the dragon. The Cyclops is not as heavy as the dragon/ the dragon is not as light as the Cyclops. The dragon isn t as tall as the Cyclops/ the Cyclops isn t as short as the dragon. 9. Ê ÏÔ ÛÔ ÂÈ ÁÚ ÂÈ Î appleôèâ appleúôù ÛÂÈ, ÏÏ ÂÓ Â Ó È Û ÁÔ ÚÔ Ó ÔÈ Ï ÍÂÈ ÌÂ Ù ÓÙÔÓ ÁÚ ÌÌ Ù Â Ó È ÛˆÛÙ fi È. μô ıëû ÙÔÓ Ó ÈÔÚıÒ- ÛÂÈ Ù Ï ıë ÙÔ : a. Come quickly or we will miss the bus. b. You are driving so dangerously that I am afraid we are going to have an accident. c. Susan works harder than John. d. Roses smell very sweet. e. You look angry. Why? f. She dances very well. g. Which is worse, a toothache or a headache? h. That is the worst thing that could happen to me. i. My mother drinks the least beer in the family. j. Steve draws better than Stanley. 74

20 Δ Δƒ π ƒ πø Grammar 10. μúâ ÙÈ È ÊÔÚ Ó ÌÂÛ ÛÙÈ Ô ÂÈÎfiÓÂ Î È ÁÚ Â appleúôù ÛÂÈ ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈÒÓÙ Ù Âapple ıâù : tall, short, new, crowded, old, big, small, relaxed. In picture A the beach in more crowded than in picture B. In picture A the boy s ball is smaller than the ball in picture B. In picture A the people look more relaxed than the people in picture B. In picture B the lady under the umbrella is younger than the lady in picture A. In picture B the boy is shorter than the boy in picture A. 11. È ÛÂ ÙÔÓ apple Ú Î Ùˆ È ÏÔÁÔ Î È Û ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÙÈ ÛÎ ÛÂÈ appleô ÎÔ- ÏÔ ıô Ó: ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈÒÓÙ ÙÔÓ Î Ù ÏÏËÏÔ Ù appleô ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈı ÙˆÓ: a. In the unbelievable city: There are the widest streets in the world. Buses and cars are the fastest in the world. Shops are the most interesting in the world. b. In the village, the air is fresher than in the city. The streets are narrower and fewer and the shops are not as interesting as in the city. Life here, however, is more relaxing and children walk to school happily every morning. In the city, life is busier than life in the village. Streets are wider, buses and cars are more and they travel faster than the cars in the village. However, there are more interesting shops and more restaurants, cinemas, museums and schools and life here is as fantastic as in the village, too. ΔÒÚ ÁÚ Â ÌÈ apple Ú ÁÚ ÊÔ ÁÈ Ù Ô Ì ÚË: Helen s city is as beautiful as Anna s village. The buildings in the city are higher than the village houses, but the village houses are prettier. There are more interesting shops, more cinemas and more sports facilities in the city, but there are fewer cars and life is quieter in the village. There are faster cars and buses that take people to their jobs in the city, but the air is fresher, people are less busy and life is more relaxing in the village. There are higher buildings and wider streets in the city, but the houses in the village are smaller and prettier and there are more gardens. There are more schools, larger parks and more playgrounds in the city, but children are happier in the village and walk to school every sunny morning. 75

21 Mediation Δ Δƒ π ƒ πø 12. Ô Ù Í ÙÈ Ô ÂÈÎfiÓÂ Î È Û ÁÎÚÈÓÂ Ù Ì Û Û ÁÎÔÈÓˆÓ ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈÒ- ÓÙ Âapple ıâù fiappleˆ : safe, dangerous, fast, slow, comfortable, easy, expensive, cheap, tiring Ù ÓÙ ÛÙÔÈ ÂappleÈÚÚ Ì Ù : In picture 1 the horse carriage travels more slowly than the cars in picture 2/The cars in picture 2 are faster than the horse carriage in picture 1. The steam train in picture 1 is safer than the train in picture 2. The cars in picture 2 are more dangerous/more comfortable/more expensive than the horse carriage in picture 1. The horse carriage in picture 1 is cheaper/safer/more tiring than the train in picture 2. C. MEDIATION È Û ÙÔ apple Ú Î Ùˆ ΠÌÂÓÔ. ªÂÙ ÁÚ Â Ó ÛËÌ ˆÌ ÛÙÔ Ê ÏÔ ÛÔ ÙÔÓ Bernand, appleô ÂÓ Í ÚÂÈ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎ, ÁÈ Ó ÙÔ appleâè applefi appleô ÓÔÌ ÂÈ fiùè Â Ó È ÙÔ Î ÌÂÓÔ Î È ÁÈ ÙÈ ÌÈÏ ÂÈ. Scylla and Charybdis are two monsters of Greek mythology. Scylla has got six heads and eats fish and sailors. Charybdis is like a mermaid because she is half woman and half fish. She drinks sea water and eats anything that is in the sea. The two monsters live in two caves that are opposite one another in the Gibraltar Straits or Sicily. They are the monsters that ate Ulysses companions. 76

22 More grammar MORE GRAMMAR Making comparisons Forming adverbs Comparison of adverbs 1 Making comparisons Δ apple Ú ıâùèî ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈı ÙˆÓ Â Ó È ÔÈ Ï ÍÂÈ appleô Û ÁÎÚ ÓÔ Ó Û appleôèô ıìfi Î appleôè Ô ÛÈ ÛÙÈÎ Ô Ó ÌÈ È ÈfiÙËÙ. Δ apple Ú ıâùèî Ô Ó Ô ıìô : ΔÔ Û ÁÎÚÈÙÈÎfi (comparative degree), appleô Û ÁÎÚ ÓÂÈ Ó ÌÂÛ ÛÂ Ô Ô ÛÈ ÛÙÈÎ (appleèô, appleâúèûûfiùâúô ), Î È ÙÔÓ appleâúıâùèîfi (superlative degree) appleô Û ÁÎÚ ÓÂÈ Ó ÌÂÛ Û appleôïï Ô ÛÈ ÛÙÈÎ (Ô,Ë,ÙÔ appleèô ). Û ÁÎÚÈÙÈÎfi ıìfi ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈı ÙˆÓ ÊÙÈ ÓÂÙ È: ÁÈ Ù ÌÔÓÔÛ ÏÏ Âapple ıâù Ì ÙËÓ Î Ù ÏËÍË -er (old - older) ÁÈ Ù ÈÛ ÏÏ Âapple ıâù appleô ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÔ Ó Û -y, -ow, -er, -ure, -le Ì ÙËÓ Î Ù ÏËÍË -er (happy - happier). ÁÈ Ù applefiïôèapple ÈÛ ÏÏ Î È Ù appleô Ô Ó ÙÚÂÈ Û ÏÏ Î È apple Óˆ Ì ÙË Ï ÍË more ÌappleÚÔÛÙ applefi ÙÔ ıâùèîfi ıìfi ÙÔ ÂappleÈı ÙÔ (interesting - more interesting). ªÂÙ ÙÔ Û ÁÎÚÈÙÈÎfi ıìfi Ìapple ÓÂÈ Ë Ï ÍË than. Ù Â Ó È ÙÔ «applefi» ÙË Û ÁÎÚÈÛË. (My jacket is cheaper than yours). appleâúıâùèîfi ıìfi ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈı ÙˆÓ ÊÙÈ ÓÂÙ È: ÁÈ Ù ÌÔÓÔÛ ÏÏ Âapple ıâù Ì ÙËÓ Î Ù ÏËÍË -est (old - oldest). ÁÈ Ù ÈÛ ÏÏ Âapple ıâù appleô ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÔ Ó Û -y, -ow, -er, -ure, -le apple ÏÈ Ì ÙËÓ Î Ù ÏËÍË -est (happy - happiest). ÁÈ Ù applefiïôèapple ÈÛ ÏÏ Î È Ù appleô Ô Ó ÙÚÂÈ Û ÏÏ Î È apple Óˆ Ì ÙË Ï ÍË most ÌappleÚÔÛÙ applefi ÙÔ ıâùèîfi ıìfi ÙÔ ÂappleÈı ÙÔ. ÚÈÓ ÙÔÓ appleâúıâùèîfi ıìfi Ìapple ÓÂÈ apple ÓÙ Ë Ï ÍË the Î È ÌÂÙ ÙÔÓ appleâúıâùèîfi Ìapple ÓÂÈ Ë Ï ÍË Ôf in. ΔÔ of Û ÁÎÚ ÓÂÈ ÙÔ Û ÁÎÂÎÚÈÌ ÓÔ Ô ÛÈ ÛÙÈÎfi Ì ÏÏ fiìôè ÙÔ Ô ÛÈ ÛÙÈÎ Î È ÙÔ in Û ÁÎÚ ÓÂÈ ÙÔ Ô ÛÈ ÛÙÈÎfi Ì ÙÔ appleâúè ÏÏÔÓ ÛÙÔ ÔappleÔ Ô Ú ÛÎÂÙ È. ÚÔÛı ÙÔÓÙ ÙÈ Î Ù Ï ÍÂÈ -er Î È -est appleú appleâè Ó Ô Ì applefi Ë ÙÈ apple Ú Î Ùˆ ÔÚıÔÁÚ ÊÈÎ ÏÏ Á : Δ Âapple ıâù appleô ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÔ Ó Û -e, ÙÔ Á Ô Ó appleúèó applefi ÙÈ Î Ù Ï ÍÂÈ -er, -est. (nice - nicer - the nicest) Δ Âapple ıâù appleô ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÔ Ó ÛÂ Û ÌʈÓÔ (ÂÎÙfi applefi ÙÔ -x) Î È appleúèó applefi Ùfi apple Ú ÂÈ ÊˆÓ ÂÓ ÌÔÓfi Î È ÙÔÓÈÛÌ ÓÔ, ÈappleÏ ÛÈ Ô Ó ÙÔ ÙÂÏÈÎfi Û ÌʈÓÔ appleúèó applefi ÙÈ Î Ù Ï ÍÂÈ -er, -est. (hot - hotter - the hottest) Δ Âapple ıâù appleô ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÔ Ó Û -y Î È appleúèó applefi Ùfi apple Ú ÂÈ Û ÌʈÓÔ, Á Ô Ó ÙÔ -y appleúèó applefi ÙÈ Î Ù Ï ÍÂÈ -er, -est Î È Ô Ó -ier Î È -iest ÓÙ ÛÙÔÈ. ªappleÔÚÔ ÌÂ Ó Û ÁÎÚ ÓÔ ÌÂ Ó ÌÂÛ ÛÂ Ô Ô ÛÈ ÛÙÈÎ Ì ÙË ÊÚ ÛË as as. Ó È Ë Û ÁÎÚÈÛË ÙË ÈÛfiÙËÙ, ÁÈ Ù Ì ٠ÙË ÊÚ ÛË Ù Ï Ì fiùè Ô 77

23 More grammar Ô ÛÈ ÛÙÈÎ Ô Ó ÂÓ Ô Ó ÌÈ È ÈfiÙËÙ ÛÙÔÓ ÈÔ ıìfi (ÙfiÛÔ fiûô). ªÂ ÙÔ as...as ÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔÈÔ Ì ÙÔ ıâùèîfi ıìfi ÙÔ ÂappleÈı ÙÔ. apple.. Life in a city is as fantastic as life in a village, but the air in a city is not as fresh as the air in a village. 2 Forming adverbs Δ ÂappleÈÚÚ Ì Ù (adverbs) ÊÙÈ ÓÔÓÙ È ÔÓÙ ÙËÓ Î Ù ÏËÍË -ly ÛÙÔ ÓÙ ÛÙÔÈ Ô Âapple ıâùô (apple.. careful - carefully). Ó È Û Ó ıˆ ÂappleÈÚÚ Ì Ù ÙÚÔappleÈÎ, apple ÓÙ Ó ËÏ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÒÙËÛË how? Àapple Ú Ô Ó fiìˆ Î È Ï ÍÂÈ appleô ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÔ Ó Û -ly Î È ÂÓ Â Ó È ÂappleÈÚÚ Ì Ù (apple.. friendly, lovely), fiappleˆ Î È ÂappleÈÚÚ Ì Ù appleô ÂÓ ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÔ Ó Û -y. Ù Â Ó È Ù fast-fast, high-high, low-low, hard-hard, late-late, early-early, long-long, right-right. Δ ÏÔ, Ó ÌËÓ ÍÂ Ó ÌÂ Ó appleôï ÛËÌ ÓÙÈÎfi ÓÒÌ ÏÔ Âapple ÚÚËÌ : good-well. Comparison of adverbs Δ apple Ú ıâùèî ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈÚÚËÌ ÙˆÓ appleô ÙÂÏÂÈÒÓÔ Ó Û -ly ÊÙÈ ÓÔÓÙ È Ì ÙÈ Ï ÍÂÈ more Î È most ÌappleÚÔÛÙ applefi ÙÔ Û ÁÎÚÈÙÈÎfi Î È ÙÔÓ appleâúıâùèîfi ıìfi ÓÙ ÛÙÔÈ. Δ ÂappleÈÚÚ Ì Ù appleô Ô Ó È ÌÔÚÊ Ì ÙÔ ÓÙ ÛÙÔÈ Ô Âapple ıâùô (fast, hard, high) ÊÙÈ ÓÔ Ó Ù apple Ú ıâùèî ÙÔ Ì ÙÈ Î Ù Ï ÍÂÈ -er Î È -est. ΔÔ Âapple ÚÚËÌ well ÂÈ apple Ú ıâùèî better - best Î È ÙÔ badly ÂÈ apple Ú ıâùèî worse - worst. apple.. Peter paints the most beautifully of all the students in the class. A car travels faster than a horse carriage. I can speak English better than my friend Alice. ÛÎ ÛÂÈ ÂÌapple ˆÛË 1 ÃÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔ ËÛ ÙÔÓ appleâúıâùèîfi ıìfi ÛÙ apple Ú Î Ùˆ Âapple ıâù ÁÈ Ó ÌÈÏ - ÛÂÈ ÁÈ ÙÔ Ú ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÁÈ ÙÔ ÔappleÔ Ô Í ˆÚ Ô Ó Ù apple Ú Î Ùˆ Ò. ÎÔÏÔ ıëûâ ÙÔ apple Ú ÂÈÁÌ lazy, fat, clever, slow, fast, dirty, strong, beautiful, tall, dangerous 1. The cheetah is the fastest animal in the world. 2. The pig animal in the world.. The cat animal in the world. 4. The turtle animal in the world. 5. The giraffe animal in the world. 6. The butterfly animal in the world. 7. The lion animal in the world. 8. The elephant animal in the world. 9. The cobra animal in the world. 10. The dolphin animal in the world. 78

24 More grammar 2 ÁÎÚÈÓÂ Ó ÌÂÛ ÛÙ apple Ú Î Ùˆ appleú ÁÌ Ù / ÓıÚÒappleÔ Î È Û ÌappleÏ ÚˆÛÂ ÙÈ appleúôù ÛÂÈ. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔappleÔ ËÛÂ Âapple ıâù appleô ÓÔÌ ÂÈ fiùè Ù ÈÚÈ Ô Ó: Mount Olympus is Lycabettus hill. Athens is a city Patras. Crete is from Athens Santorini. Aliakmonas has got water Evrotas. There are people who live in Thessalonica in Kavala. The Ionian Sea is the Aegean Sea. Crete has places to visit Chios. μ ÏÂ ÙÈ Ï ÍÂÈ ÛÙÔ Î Ù ÏÏËÏÔ ÎÂÓfi: angry/angrily I can see that the teacher is getting very Don t talk! Why is that man looking at you? quick/quickly You are not very at writing English, are you? No, but I can speak Listen to me! terrible/ terribly The sinking of the Titanic was a tragedy. I m sorry I m late, but my alarm clock didn t go off. good/well If you can play football, join the school football club. Mark is a very student, but he didn t do well at the test; He got a B. heavy/heavily This suitcase looks.can you lift it? And it s raining at the moment. 4 μ ÏÂ ÛÙÔ ÎÂÓfi ÙÈ Î Ù ÏÏËÏÂ ÊÚ ÛÂÈ : as beautifully as, as fast as, as well as, as clearly as, as quietly as She can t play the piano her sister. I can t speak English my teacher. Can you run I can? She dresses a film star. He can walk a mouse! 79