What is Broadband? The Information Highway

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1 November 2004 A publication of the Regional District of East Kootenay Pictured above: a strand of fibre optic cable Simply put, broadband is a type of fibre optic cable that allows huge chunks of information to move back and forth at very high speeds (see page 3). It s not just high speed internet. Internet service is just one of many services and options that may be available when you have broadband. Broadband technology allows service providers to offer video, phone, data and voice services over one pipe. Not only can it open up access to many new high RDEK & Village of Radium Propose Broadband Service The RDEK is proposing to construct a fibre backbone to deliver broadband service to Electoral Areas F and G and the Village of Radium Hot Springs. This is NOT just about the internet. It s about new technology and a new way of looking at communications. This newsletter will explain what broadband is, what the service establishment proposal is all about, the potential impact on taxes and the alternative approval process. Please read this entire newsletter carefully. We want electors to be able to make an informed decision about the project and to fully understand its scope. If you have questions or need more information, contact information is provided on the back page. What is Broadband? The Information Highway quality services, it can also create more competition between the many service providers which in turn, can mean lower costs to you, the customer. The proposal is to construct a fibre backbone to deliver broadband service to Electoral Areas F & G and the Village of Radium Hot Springs. The backbone is like a highway an information highway. It allows huge amounts of information, including words, numbers, pictures, video and voice to flow seamlessly back and forth. This proposal does NOT include the cost to bring the fibre to each home. That is a separate phase, known as the Community Network. The Village of Radium is already in the process of conducting a study on what it would cost to build their Community Network. A broadband backbone would basically connect communities to one another and the outside world, much like our highway system. You may be asking why build a highway if it isn t connected to anything? The answer is that without the backbone, we ll never be able to get to the second step. The backbone must come first.

2 2 What Can Broadband Do for Me? While high speed internet is one of the things that can be offered with broadband, there are many other services that may be offered, including: Voice Over IP is one of the technologies that is rapidly growing in popularity in areas served by broadband. Customers still use their regular telephone, but their calls are transmitted over internet lines. This has dramatically reduced, and in some Broadband, Education & the Arts It s About the Future The learning suites are so cool! When I ask my teacher a question, he and I can see, hear and interact with each other even though he is hundreds of kilometers away. -Nicole Quick, Student Le Crete Public School, Northern Alberta cases eliminated, long distance charges. Video on Demand allows viewers to have wide access to videos whenever they want. This eliminates late fees and getting to the movie store only to find the movie you want is rented. Interactive TV is still in its infancy, but as it integrates with the internet in the future, it will be possible to not only have movies in your living room, but do things like live teleconferencing. Telecommuting means working from home. Many people require Up until now, living in rural areas has meant missing out on some opportunities those in larger centres enjoy. As school enrollment goes down, classes are cancelled and students are left with fewer options. Using broadband technology, rural schools are able to take part in classes that would not normally be available to them. For example, students in northern Quebec are taking violin lessons from music teachers in Ottawa with video-conferencing. broadband technology in order to work from home as DSL (or current high speed options) simply do not have the capacity to move the required information back and forth (see pg. 3). In 2004, it s estimated 55.4 million people in the US will work from home or mobile offices, as more people have The classes are interactive and live, which means that the teachers and students can see and talk to each other as though they were in the same room even though they are hundreds of miles apart. Students in the Fort Vermillion School District in Northern Alberta are taking part in this same type of learning and now have access to classes and other educational opportunities that remote communities have previously not had. access to broadband technology. Infact, it s estimated as many as 80% of US households will have at least one person who works from home at least part time. These services are being offered now in areas that have broadband. The goal of putting in a backbone is to open up these same opportunities in rural areas like the East Kootenay. A filmmaker has to drive to Banff to access a broadband link in Alberta to send his films off to the production company. This could be done from home with access to broadband. -Filmmaker, Brisco, Students aren t the only ones to benefit. Adult learners who can t afford to leave home or work to go to school also have more options available to them. Teachers are using virtual learning by taking part in conferences, special clinics and training, and by having live communication with teachers in other remote areas. Students in larger centres have access to classes, education and training that rural students do not. The face (Continued on page 4)

3 In sid estor y Head line What Do We Have Now? Is Broadband Really Faster? The diagram below shows the capacity of our current lines compared to broadband s capacity. While many people know dial up from home internet use, keep in mind that many other lines (like T1) are designed to move other types of data and images. Dial-up Personal use, , small files Cable/ADSL Home, Business, not for sending large files T1 -Commercial Service, expensive 100Mbps Office LAN Business Network, can send and receive large files How Come Private Industry Doesn t Do It? The bottom line is that it s too costly for each service provider to put in the infrastructure for a small area. We just don t have the population to make it attractive. Because the existing lines are owned by one company (who also provides services), it s also not cost effective for competitors to lease line space for a small population. However, if the infrastructure was in place, it s a matter of them simply offering services. Some businesses in the East Kootenay currently have access to T1 lines, which allow them to move large files back and forth. In BC, these lines cost between $700 and $7,000 per month (depending on your location). As you can imagine, it makes it too costly for most businesses and adds to the cost of doing business for those who can. In Alberta, the same T1 lines cost $75 per month. This is because the Alberta Government started it s own broadband project known as the Super Net. The Government does not provide any services, Dial Up Those with dial up can relate to the frustration of waiting for even the smallest image to load. You can see how small the line s capacity is...look closely, for the tiny red dot at the left. Cable/DSL You can see that there is much more capacity (orange dot) than with dial up. A good way to look at DSL is like a 6 lane highway coming into your house, with one little country road going out. You can receive larger files, but it takes much longer to send large files and you still can t send really large files. T1 This is used mostly by businesses. In BC, it s very expensive. Hospitals use this type of line to transmit x-rays digitally, but there are limitations and cost factors that prohibit widespread use. 100 Mbps (megabit per second)-similar in speed to an office LAN (local area network). Many companies use these networks and can move large files back and forth without much delay. Broadband the large yellow circle gives you an idea of the capacity of broadband compared to the others. It can move voice, data, digital, phone and video over one pipe. they just provide access to the line at the same rate for all interested service providers. By having a publicly owned backbone, all service providers have equal access and compete with each other for your business. That s what drives prices down. Under this proposal, the RDEK would not be providing services, just the opportunity for many different service providers to come into the area. Revenue generated as these service providers and customers use the backbone then goes directly back into the service. It cannot be used anywhere else. Every dollar generated in that service would stay in that service. The more customers on line, the less the impact on taxes. 3

4 How Broadband Affects Health Care & the Economy Imagine a specialist being able to pull up your medical chart, x-rays or MRI s with you sitting in his/her office. Imagine breaking a bone and having the x-ray digitally sent to a major hospital where an orthopedic surgeon can look at it to determine whether or not you need surgery, potentially saving you a long, painful and unnecessary trip to another facility. Imagine doctors being able to pull up films or patient histories to be able to discuss with one another. These are just a few of the things that can happen with broadband. Some of these things are already happening on a pilot basis; however, the 4 lines being used are incredibly expensive making it harder to have this technology on a wide scale and there are still limitations. Broadband makes it possible to link doctors, specialists and even patients, allowing them to share large files and data that previously could not be shared digitally. It can help increase patient access and services and in some areas, decrease health care costs. This is especially true in rural areas where Broadband & Education (Continued from page 2) of education in rural areas is changing and access to broadband My parents are aging and are on prescription medication. I worry when they go out of town that something may happen and they ll either be unable to speak or unable to remember what medications they re on. It would be comforting to know a doctor could pull up their electronic medical chart and check what medications they re on before prescribing something that could be a fatal combination. - Resident, Rural Cranbrook technology is one way to ensure our students don t miss out on classes and opportunities. I need Physics 12 to apply for my University studies. It s not available here because there aren t enough students, so I have to take the course at College or University and pay for books & tuition. - Student, East Kootenay travel time can be greatly reduced through the use of this technology. Broadband can also be an economic tool. Many people from larger cities are moving to rural areas because they want the lifestyle. With broadband, many of them could do their work from their remote offices. This encourages people to move to rural areas. When they come, they buy houses, cars, etc. They shop in local stores and enroll their children in schools. All of these contribute to the local economy. On the flip side, families are moving out of the area to bigger cities because they are unable to do their work from here. When they leave, they take with them all the dollars that had been spent in our communities. A study by Sprint and Covad Communications, found 66% of small businesses in the US have Broadband. 65.9% of those surveyed think broadband has changed the way their company does business, has improved efficiency and productivity. Broadband becomes a marketing tool to attract workers and high-tech businesses to communities. It opens the doors to the world and is a strong economic generator. Contact Information RDEK Main Office 19-24th Ave. S. Cranbrook BC V1C 3H8 Phone: Columbia Valley Office 4956 Athalmer Road Invermere BC V0A 1K0 Phone: Toll Free Phone: rdek@rdek.bc.ca Website: Martin Cullen, Electoral Area F Director Klara Trescher, Electoral Area G Director Lee-Ann Crane, CAO Loree Duczek, Public Education Coordinator

5 How Would the Service Work? If the Broadband service proposal goes ahead, tax dollars would initially be used to fund the project. Once the line was operational, every customer on the line (ie. service providers, individuals, etc.) would be paying to use it. This would generate revenue. The more customers that could be attracted to use the line, the greater the revenue. All revenue raised would go directly back into funding the service. So, less tax dollars would be required to pay for the service. Under the Local Government Act, every dollar raised by the RDEK for a particular service must stay with that service. Additionally, when a service is created, a maximum tax rate is set out in the bylaw. This sets in law the most the RDEK could tax to pay The more customers that could be attracted to use the line, the greater the revenue. Every dollar raised would go directly back into funding the service, which means less tax dollars would be required. The goal is to have enough customers that no tax dollars would be needed. for the service. Even though there is a maximum number, the RDEK only taxes the amount needed to pay for the service. So even though the maximum set by Bylaw 1772 would be 30 per $1,000 of assessed value, if only 15 is required to pay for the service, then taxpayers are only taxed 15. The maximum set out in the original bylaw can never be exceeded unless the RDEK goes back to electors and gets their approval to increase the rate. So, the numbers on the financial information below are based on the MAXIMUM amount you would be taxed. This is based on the maximum it would cost to fund the service with no customers on the line. As more customers come on board, less tax dollars would need to be raised, and the less you would be taxed. The total capital cost to construct a broadband fibre backbone to deliver service to Electoral Areas F and G and the Village of Radium Hot Springs would be $2,813,000. This works out to $244,000 per year (financed over 20 years at 5.65%). The operating costs are estimated at $140,000 per year. The estimated total costs would be $384,000 per year. What Will It Cost Me? The maximum tax rate under the bylaw would be 30 per $1,000 of the assessed value of land and improvements. This is the maximum amount it would cost based on no customers. The more customers, the greater the revenue and the lower the tax rate. Assessed Value SAMPLE ANNUAL TAX BURDENS (based on maximum tax rate) Residential, Recreation, Farm Commercial (2.45 x) Utilities (3.5 x) Major Industry (3.4 x) $ 100,000 $ 27 $ 66 $ 94 $ 91 $ 200,000 $ 54 $ 500,000 $ 134 $ 750,000 $ 201 $1,000,000 $ 268 $ 657 $ 938 $ 911 $2,500,000 $2,345 $2,278 *Note: Commercial, Utility and Industrial Tax Rates are set by the Province. Because they are higher, you will see the tax burden on residential works out to slightly less than 30 per $1,000 in the above chart.

6 Frequently Asked Questions If this proposal goes through, when can I expect this service at my house? This proposal is to build the backbone only. Connecting communities/homes to the backbone would be the second phase, called the Community Network. The backbone needs to be in place first. Using the examples of roads, the Community Network would be the road system through your community that leads to the highway. The backbone is the highway that connects communities to one another and the outside world. Why are you proposing to build a new line? Doesn t Telus already have that technology? Negotiations are ongoing with Telus to see if there is an affordable way to use their infrastructure; but, to date the rental rates they have proposed would cost more than to string new fibre. Why should I care about this? I don t use a computer and wouldn t need internet anyway. This is not about the internet. It s about health care, education and our economy. We all stand to benefit if we can attract and strengthen our economy and services. Broadband is a new, high-speed medium that cuts across the internet, telephone, and digital worlds with the capacity to integrate them in a new way. The Alternative Approval Process The RDEK s Board of Directors is considering adoption of two bylaws to establish broadband service in Electoral Areas F & G and the Village of Radium Hot Springs and allow borrowing up to $2.813 million to construct the required fibre backbone. The Board is seeking electors permission to proceed with the project by using an Alternative Approval Process. That means the Board can proceed with adoption of the bylaws if, after 4:30pm on January 4, 2005, less than 10% of the eligible electors in Areas F & G have signed and submitted Elector Response Forms stating they are opposed to the Board proceeding with adoption of the Bylaws. If at least 10% of the electors in Areas F & G sign and submit the forms opposing the pro- Only qualified electors in Electoral Areas F & G can sign Elector Response Forms Elector Qualifications Non-Resident Property Electors 18 years of age or older; Canadian Citizen; Resident of BC for at least 6 months immediately preceding signing the Elector Response Form; Registered owner of real property (land) in Electoral Area F or G for at least 30 days immediately preceding signing the Elector Response Form; and Not otherwise disqualified by law from being a registered elector Resident Electors 18 years of age or older; Canadian Citizen; Resident of BC for at least 6 months immediately preceding signing the Elector Response Form; Resident of Electoral Area F or G for at least 30 days immediately preceding signing the Elector Response Form; and Not otherwise disqualified by law from being a registered elector Note: Non-resident property electors not on the current RDEK Voter s List must apply for a Certificate to Register prior to submitting an Elector Response Form. If more than one person owns the property, only one may vote and a majority of the owners must consent to that person voting. To apply for a Certificate to Register, please contact the Cranbrook RDEK Office. ject, the Bylaws cannot be adopted and the service cannot proceed unless it receives assent of the electors by voting. If at least 232 eligible electors (10% of 2,315) sign an Elector Response Form and submit it to the RDEK before 4:30pm on January 4, 2005, the Board cannot proceed unless it receives assent of electors by voting. Forms may be submitted in person or by mail and must be in to the RDEK s Cranbrook or Invermere offices by the deadline. Forms cannot be submitted by fax or and postmarks WILL NOT be accepted as date of submission. Getting the Forms Elector Response Forms are available at the following locations: RDEK Cranbrook Office 19-24th Ave. S. Cranbrook RDEK Columbia Valley Office 4956 Athalmer Rd. Invermere RDEK Website To receive a Response Form by mail, call the RDEK at or smoskal@rdek.bc.ca

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