Suggested Guidelines for Remediation of Damage from Sewage Backflow into Buildings

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Suggested Guidelines for Remediation of Damage from Sewage Backflow into Buildings"

Transcription

1 APPENDIX E Suggested Guidelines for Remediation of Damage from Sewage Backflow into Buildings Michael A. Berry, Ph.D.; Jeff Bishop; Claude Blackburn; Eugene C. Cole, Dr. P.H.; William G. Ewald; Terry Smith; Nathan Suazo; and Steve Swan Mr. William G. Ewald Health Scientist Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-52) Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

2 Introduction Water is the single most long-term destructive substance in the indoor environment. It dissolves or weakens many materials and supports the growth of microorganisms on others. Because it flows, water has the capability to carry with it a wide variety of pathogens and allergens harmful to humans (1). In the best of worlds, buildings would be designed so that flooding would never occur; however, in the real world, water sometimes gets out of control in every building. When a water emergency occurs, quick reaction to seepage, spillage, flooding, or backups has many benefits. Quick reaction often saves valuable property from direct water damage as well as destruction from microbial growth. The longer any kind of water damage goes untreated, the greater the damage. Immediate response to a water emergency saves time and money, and protects property and health. The primary objectives of controlling water damage are well known to professional restorers and public health professionals. These objectives are to protect public health, immediately remove harmful substances that enter into the environment with flowing water, restore the environment to a dry state, and salvage valuable property. The objectives are even more critical when flood waters contain animal or human body fluids or wastes (e.g., raw sewage) or other organic contaminants. Sewage poses a very significant threat to human health. However, the severity of the health threat depends on the content of the sewage and the degree and extent of penetration into the building environment. The degree of penetration is dependent on the porosity of contaminated materials, the quantity of sewage, and the amount of time the sewage remains in contact with materials. Consider three examples of sewage spilling into an indoor environment; the restoration response may be different in each situation. Situation 1. A very limited quantity of waste that originates in the built environment is deposited or flows slightly beyond the confines of the sewage system. In this situation, the waste is found in one specific location, is contained, and does not penetrate the building structure. A limited amount of contact time has occurred. An example of this situation might be waste that overflows in a bathroom and is deposited on and confined to a tile floor. In this situation, there is a limited quantity of waste, which is contained and does not contact absorbent materials. Decontamination, which includes water extraction, cleaning, and disinfection, can be effective in reducing this particular potential health risk. Situation 2. Waste that originates in the built environment is deposited or flows beyond the confines of the building's disposal system. In this case, there is limited or confined flooding, but water and waste penetrate the structure and furnishings of the building. For example, flooding occurs in a men's room of an office building, water flows under a wall, and into the carpet of an adjacent hallway. In this case, there is a limited amount of waste that is confined to a relatively small area of the building, but it penetrates regions of the environment that have complex surfaces and are difficult to restore. Effective restoration involves decontamination (as in Situation 1) as above and drying all surfaces that have been in contact with the sewage. In the case of stretch-in carpet, lifting and cleaning the contaminated carpet, disposing of the cushion, and treating both sides of the carpet thoroughly with a disinfectant are all necessary. Affected porous wall materials need to be treated with a disinfectant and evaluated for replacement. Because of the confinement of the sewage spill, aggressive, comprehensive treatment can be effective.

3 Situation 3. Waste that originates in the built environment, along with other wastes from the main line of the sewage system, is backed up into the immediate environment, where the waste is widely dispersed and penetrates both the structure and its furnishings. In this situation, there is extensive risk because humans can be exposed to pathogenic raw wastes that have penetrated and become contained by the building and its furnishings. If flooding is from this kind of primary outside sewage system, occupants should be evacuated, and restoration should begin immediately. In this situation, cleaning and restoration professionals should be protected by using respirators with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) cartridges, rubber boots, gloves, splash goggles, and protective garments. Extreme care should be taken to avoid puncture wounds during the restoration process. Restoration staff who have cuts or open sores should not be allowed to work on this kind of restoration project. The principles of restoration of this situation are outlined in the last section of this paper, which contains specific recommendations for techniques. The main discussion of this paper focuses on the potential health risks posed by a sewage backup similar to Situation 3. Description of the Primary Problem When a building is contaminated with sewage backing up from the septic lines, or flooding of a building occurs that involves sewage or a heavy load of organic matter, as in the case of river flooding, a serious threat to human health exists. Without appropriate action, extensive damage to materials will occur immediately or in time. Several days may elapse before the cause of the backup is determined, the problem is corrected, and flooding subsides. This allows extensive permeation and contamination of absorbent (hygroscopic) materials such as wood, gypsum, paper, and concrete to occur. This penetration with water and organic matter leads to the growth of potentially disease-causing (or opportunistic) microorganisms. These organisms may pose a serious health risk to occupants of the building. Organic matter and water-saturated materials can be used as substrate for the growth of microorganisms (such as gram-negative bacteria and toxigenic fungi) that can produce substances toxic to humans and damaging to materials. A large amount of water inside a building will cause high humidity, which can also contribute to microbial growth on structural materials and contents (2). Questions To Be Raised After Sewage Contamination Some of the questions to be answered in this situation include the following: What are the effects of the initial contamination on the building, its contents, and the health and welfare of its occupants? What is needed to thoroughly clean up the contamination and repair the damage? Should the entire building or a portion of the building be evacuated and, if so, for how long? Can semiporous materials be decontaminated, or should they be replaced? What are the consequences of using inadequate measures to remediate the damage? What are the indicators that help determine when the building is safe or not safe for occupancy? What methods should be used to test for these indicators? What is the effect of the sewage damage on other systems, especially the air changing system (ACS) and the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in the built environment? Issues of Concern Associated with the Problem

4 There are several factors bearing on the remediation of the problem. Among these are the nature of the contamination, the types of water-damaged materials (organic or synthetic; porous, semiporous, or nonporous), the sewage microflora (pathogens and allergens), organic matter load, water volume, and impact of ambient outdoor temperature and humidity on the indoor environment. Of major concern are the survival of sewage-borne microflora (viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic) and their potential transmission to humans. The potential exists for some fungal and bacterial contaminants to establish an ecological niche and present a health risk from chronic exposure for some time after the event. Scope of These Guidelines The discussions within this paper will address the immediate and longer term effects of sewageflooding contamination on the building's structural materials and contents; the potential effects on occupants; and the steps to remove contamination to include flushing with clean water and detergent solutions, vacuuming, dehumidification, and disinfection. The potential health threats presented at each stage of remediation will be discussed. These include the production of bioaerosols during removal of gross contamination, the long-term effects of residual moisture and organic matter on the building and occupants, and the colonization and growth of nonsewage-borne species of microorganisms such as molds and other fungi. Assessment of Damage and Danger to Health The factors that determine the extent of contamination within the building include the volume and the solids content of the sewage backflow, whether flooding is isolated to the basement or involves other levels as well, and how long the contamination has been in place. The assumption must be that potential pathogens are present in the contamination. Such microbial contamination includes bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Table 1 lists the microflora that may be found in raw, untreated sewage and the diseases that these organisms have the potential to cause (3). Also, hypersensitivity lung disease has been shown to be caused by repeated flooding of homes with sewer water (4). The routes of exposure of the building occupants to these pathogens are contact, ingestion, and inhalation. An incomplete or inadequate job of cleaning and disinfection may leave residue that can be a substrate for disease-causing microorganisms. Occupants may be infected by contacting contaminated surfaces, with inadvertent transmission from hands to mouth, or aerosolization of contamination may result in the inhalation of microorganisms or their products (e.g., endotoxins). Residue and microbial contaminants also can be tracked by occupants' feet to other parts of the building. Another aspect of health impact is that the conditions caused by sewage backflow or flooding are conducive to the growth of nonsewage microorganisms. These conditions include wetness, humidity, and organic matter. Microorganisms, which exist in various life stages in both indoor and outdoor environments, would then have the opportunity for exponential population growth. These species (see Table 2) can produce bioaerosols, which are potential sources for disease. For example, mold allergy is a common source of indoor air symptoms and complaints (5). In regard to the susceptibility of building occupants, those individuals whose immune systems are in some way compromised (i.e., immunocompromised), or who are otherwise susceptible due

5 to age, medication, or underlying illness, are considered to be at greater risk of contracting potentially fatal infections than those individuals who are healthy. Fundamental Considerations for Remediation The factors to be considered in remediation include the types of materials affected, assessment of the degree of damage, the extent of contaminated absorbent material, the total contact time, the humidity, and the amount of ventilation available. The primary goal of remediation must be the complete removal and disposal of water and contamination using the sanitary sewer system if possible. Wet extraction systems should be used to completely remove sewage and water used for cleaning. As part of this phase of the operation, removal of affected contents and structural materials may be necessary. These items could include carpet, wallcovering porous wallboard, and insulation, and other substrates with the potential for mold growth. Disposal of nonrestorable contaminated materials requires that the materials be confined in plastic bags and transported to appropriate disposal facilities. In all cases, workers must be provided with appropriate personal protective equipment such as respirators, boots, gloves, splash goggles, and coveralls, and with equipment with which to remove contamination (6). In order to speed the drying process, both mechanical and natural dehumidification should be employed as the gross contamination is removed and during restoration. An indoor humidity target of 40% relative humidity (RH) or less should be attained as quickly as possible (7). If possible, depending on the design of the contaminated space and the outdoor weather conditions, there should be ventilation with fans and evaporation of indoor water by introducing outside air. The use of dehumidifiers for removal of moisture from inside building surfaces and air is recommended. The ACS and HVAC systems may be considered as dehumidifiers, depending on the systems' mechanical capacity versus the extent of moisture load over time. Rapid drying that stresses proper management of temperature, airflow, and dehumidification is essential for success. Dessicant dehumidifiers, using silica-gel or lithium chloride, could be employed as an adjunct to disinfection to reduce RH to as low a level as possible (8). Moisture content measurements of reclaimed materials is an important criterion of the success of adequate drying and the remediation process. Chemical Disinfection The processes of decontamination and disinfection will be important to ensure the elimination of pathogens and organisms that were contained in the sewage or that grew during the period of contamination. Even concrete can be colonized and broken down by microorganisms if it is allowed to remain wet and contaminated by organic matter. Chemicals categorized as disinfectants are appropriate in this application. A disinfectant may be defined as an agent that reduces significant numbers of pathogens on inanimate objects to a level below that expected to cause disease. Disinfectants may not kill spores, however, and, because some bacterial and fungal spores will always be present in the environment, it would not be feasible to attempt to kill all of the spores in an affected area. Emphasis instead should be placed on removal of the substrates, water, and organic matter needed for the growth of spores. Choice of disinfectants depends on the degree of microbial killing required, the nature of surfaces to be treated, application safety, and the cost and ease of use of available agents. It is

6 recommended that disinfectants be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for use and dilution. Classes of disinfectants and their common-use dilutions include alcohols (60 to 90% in water), quaternary ammonium compounds (0.4 to 1.6%), phenolics (0.5 to 5%), iodophors (75 ppm), glutaraldehydes (2%), household bleach (sodium hypochlorite, diluted 10%), and hydrogen peroxide (3 to 6%). The advantages and disadvantages of each of these disinfectants are given in Table 3. For example, the use of iodophores or low-concentration chlorine compounds would require that little organic matter be present on surfaces, a condition that may be difficult to achieve. Caution should be used in mixing some disinfectants. For example, mixing chlorinecontaining solutions with ammonia or amine solutions will produce extremely toxic vapors, and could have lethal effects on workers or building occupants. Of critical importance is "contact time". Contact time is the length of time that the disinfectant is permitted to work on the contaminated surface. The contact time must be at least 15 min before additional cleaning and removal of the disinfectant is undertaken. Some disinfectants, such as the phenolics and glutaraldehydes, leave a residue that continues to suppress microbial growth for some time after treatment. Health-Based Recommendations for Restoration The following specific guidelines are presented with a goal of restoring the contaminated area such that the health of occupants is protected from any risk of pathogen-caused disease. Remediation should begin as soon as possible. The longer the contamination is allowed to persist, the greater the potential for microbial growth and resultant damage. Unprotected occupants and workers should be evacuated from the affected areas during the initial stages of decontamination, cleaning, and disinfection (e.g., until sewage has been removed and disinfectants applied). Technicians in the vicinity of the sewage during the initial stages of decontamination, cleaning, and disinfection should be equipped with an organic vapor HEPA respirator, rubber gloves, splash goggles, and boots. In the case of overhead contamination, technicians should also be equipped with goggles, hard hats, and protective suits. Technicians should report any wounds that occur during restoration and take care to avoid "cross-contamination" from affected to unaffected areas by foot traffic or material handling. After water removal, all affected materials should be decontaminated by spraying with a disinfectant solution. It is not the intent of this prespray to effect full disinfection because the presence of organics precludes this. The objective is to initiate the reduction and containment of microorganisms as quickly as possible. All affected materials should be evaluated for porosity (permeance). From this inspection, materials should be rated as highly porous (saturated), semiporous, and nonporous. Some materials may exhibit varying degrees of porosity, depending on the exposed surfaces. For example, the surface of painted drywall has very low porosity, yet the base of the wall may be unpainted or have exposed gypsum paper that is highly porous.

7 Highly porous (permeance factor >10) materials that have been exposed to sewage backflow and have a value that exceeds the cost of restoration such as high-value rugs and carpet, upholstery, and other textiles should be removed and restored off site. Highly porous materials with low cost or replacement value, such as carpet cushion, carpet, cardboard, tackless strip, wicker, and straw, should be removed and discarded as soon as possible. Other materials, such as saturated mattresses and cloth upholstery, regardless of value, cannot be restored and should be discarded. If disposal is necessary, these materials should be bagged in plastic for removal to a proper disposal site. Semiporous (permeance factor of >1 to 10) materials, including items such as linoleum, vinyl wall covering and upholstery, and hardboard furniture, along with construction materials such as wood, painted drywall, and plaster, should be cleaned, disinfected, or replaced as part of the initial restoration process. If these materials are not removed or properly disinfected, they can become reservoirs for growth of microorganisms. Nonporous materials (permeance factor 1) such as Formica, linoleum, vinyl, and tile finishing materials can be inspected for subsurface contamination with a nonpenetration moisture meter. Although these materials may be rated as nonporous, they must be evaluated carefully because contamination can migrate from the perimeter and become trapped below the surface. If migration of contamination below the surface has not occurred, these materials may be fully restored. Heavy organic matter, especially raw sewage and silt, must be physically removed by any safe means available. This may include the use of shovels, squeegees, septic pump trucks, wet vacuums, and moisture-extraction machines. Water must also be extracted from floorcovering fabrics such as carpets and rugs. All tools and machines, especially recovery tanks, wands, and hoses, must be cleaned and disinfected after use. Residual organic matter in cracks and crevices can be removed by pressure washing with a disinfectant solution. The solution then must be recovered with an extraction unit, immediately after application, to prevent further migration or saturation of contaminants into other porous materials. After removing heavy organics, affected materials must be cleaned before a second application of disinfectant takes place. Use of many cleaning agents, such as soaps and detergents, will solubilize most organic matter. After thoroughly cleaning all contaminated materials, a second application of disinfectant may be applied. Chemicals classified as disinfectants are appropriate for use in areas exposed to sewage backflow. These chemicals are defined as being capable of inactivating potential pathogenic microorganisms on inert substrates. Fully evaluate all factors that affect the success of decontamination. These include the organic matter present, extent of prior cleaning, type and level of microbial contamination, concentration and time of exposure to the disinfectant, and the nature of the material to be decontaminated.

8 Sources such as Block (9) provide information about the classes of disinfectants. - Glutaraldehydes: These agents display a broad spectrum of activity and rapid rate of kill against the majority of microorganisms. Glutaraldehydes are capable of destroying all forms of microbial life including bacterial and fungal spores, tubercle bacilli, and viruses. They are excellent sporicides and will not corrode most materials. Disadvantages include increased peroral, percutaneous, and inhalation toxicity, along with elevated eye and skin irritation. - Iodine and Iodine Compounds (Iodophors): These agents are highly effective, have broad-spectrum antimicrobial capabilities and exhibit some residual properties. Disadvantages include inactivation by organic matter, and vapors may pose a hazard to respiratory organs. Some formulations may stain porous materials an orange-yellow color. - Phenolic Compounds: These agents are stable (less inactivated by organic matter), broad spectrum (generally include antiviral properties), and readily available, and leave a residue. Disadvantages include substantially increased peroral, percutaneous, and inhalation toxicity, along with eye and skin irritation. - Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Compounds (Quats): These agents have a limited spectrum of activity but are capable of killing gram-positive bacteria and fungi, and of inactivating gram-negative bacteria and some viruses. Quats have a naturally pleasant odor, counteract offensive odors, and are excellent cleaners. Ammonium chloride compounds are safer to use than most other disinfectants, because they are less toxic and cause less irritation to the mucus membranes. Quats, when diluted for use, are low in toxicity and irritation. Disadvantages of this class of agents include the facts that they are neither sporicidal nor tuberculocidal and that many formulations exhibit poor results against gram-negative bacteria and some viruses. Also, these compounds are incompatible with anionic cleaners (i.e., mutual neutralization of disinfectant and cleaner) and with the dye blockers in stain-resistant carpet. Procedures should be implemented to increase the rate of drying. Dampness and humidity must be reduced as much as possible by using the existing ACS or HVAC system, auxiliary fans, carpet dryers, and dehumidifiers. The indoor humidity in affected areas should be reduced to 40% RH as quickly as possible. Where flooding has been extensive, the drying process may require several days or longer to be effective. Adequate drying should be evaluated with a moisture meter. The humidity should be monitored with a hygrometer or a psychrometer. Because the use of disinfectants such as glutaraldehydes, iodophors, and phenolics for disinfection produce irritating vapors, appropriate personal protective equipment to preclude chemical exposure is required. The type of safety equipment used will depend on the disinfectant used, the concentration, and the method of application. The material safety data sheet (MSDS) and label instructions on the chosen disinfectant will provide more detailed information and must be reviewed before use. Environmental monitoring should consist of moisture measurements, rather than surface or air sampling for the presence of viable microorganisms. After the restoration process, surveillance of occupants for sickness, allergy, and sensitivity may also provide a measure of the adequacy of the clean-up operation.

9 Area rugs and wall-to-wall carpet that have been extensively saturated with sewage backup are unlikely to be cost-effectively restored on site. Such rugs and carpet, along with the cushion, or underlayment, should be removed. Small rugs may be restored effectively through commercial laundering. If an effort is made to restore the carpet, extensive cleaning and saturation disinfection of the carpet should take place. All organic material must be removed, and the complex fibrous surfaces throughout the carpet must be disinfected. Following treatment, the carpet must be inspected thoroughly for cleanliness and dryness before being reinstalled in the restored environment. Carpet cushion must be removed, disposed of, and replaced with new material, without exception. Subflooring should be cleaned, disinfected, dried, and sealed if necessary before carpet and rugs are returned to the environment. Under no circumstances should efforts be made to restore carpet and rugs on site that have been extensively damaged by a Situation 3 sewage backup. In any case where it is deemed cost justifiable to restore carpet contaminated by sewage, an extraction cleaning method must be employed on all surfaces. Other carpet cleaning methods, such as absorbent compound, absorbent pad (bonnet), dry foam, or shampoo cleaning, are not adequate in that they may merely redistribute the contamination (10). Disclaimer The paper represents a technical discussion based on a review of scientific literature and the best professional judgment of the authors. It does not necessarily represent the official policy of EPA or any other government health agency. The paper is intended to serve as a vehicle for discussion on the subject of sewage backflow restoration and be the basis for future research and training activities.

10 References 1. Berry, M.A. (1993) Protecting the Built Environment: Cleaning for Health, Tricomm 21st press, Chapel Hill, NC, p Foarde, K.K.; D. Bush; J. Chang; E.C. Cole; D. Franke; and D. Van Osdell. (1992) Characterization of environmental chambers for evaluating microbial growth on building materials. IAQ 92, ASHRAE, San Francisco. 3. Clark, C.S. (1987) Potential and actual biological related health risks of waste water industry employment. J. Water Pollution Control. Fed. 59: Patterson, R.; J.N. Fink; W.B. Miles. (1981) Hypersensitivity lung disease presumptively due to cephalosporium in homes contaminated by sewage flooding or humidifier water. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 68(2): Rogers, S.A. (1991) Indoor fungi as part of the cause of recalcitrant symptoms of the tight building syndrome. Env. International. 17: Bishop, L.J. (1992) Flood Damage Restoration, Parts 1 and 2, Clean Care Seminars, Dothan, AL. 7. Cole, E.C. (1989) Remedial measures for biological pollutants in the home. Workshop on Biological Pollutants in the Home. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, American Lung Association. 8. Robertson, K.A.; T.K. Ghosh; A.L. Hines; S.K. Loyalka; D. Novosel; R.C. Warder, Jr. (1990) Airborne microorganisms: their occurrence and removal. Indoor Air '90, Toronto. 9. Block, S.S. (1991) Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA. 10. International Institute of Carpet and Upholstery Certification. (1991) Carpet Cleaning Standard. S , International Institute of Carpet and Upholstery Certification, Vancouver, WA, Cutter Information Corp. (1991) Indoor Air Quality Update, Arlington, VA. 12. Benson, A., ed. (1990) Control of Communicable Diseases in Humans, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 13. Cole, E.C. (1987) The application of disinfection and sterilization to infectious waste management. In: Tulis, J.J. and W. R. Thomann (eds.), Proceedings of strategies for improved chemical and biological waste management for hospitals and clinical laboratories. Duke University, University of North Carolina, North Carolina Pollution Pays Program. 14. Rutala, W.A. (1987) Disinfection, sterilization and waste disposal. In: Wenzel, R.P., Prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. 15. Rutala, W.A.; E.C. Cole; and N.S. Wannamaker. (1991) Inactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis by 14 Hospital Disinfectants. Amer J. Med. 91:

11 Organisms ENTERIC VIRUSES: Enteroviruses (67 types) Rotaviruses Parvovirus-like agents (at least 2 types) Hepatitus A virus Adenoviruses (31 types) BACTERIA: Escherichia coli (enteropathic types) Salmonella (approx. 1,700 types) Shigella (4 spp.) PROTOZOA: Balantidium coli Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia HELMINTHS: Nematodes (roundworms) Ascaris lumbricoides Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus Ancylostoma braziliense (cat hookworm) Ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm) Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm) Toxocara cati (cat roundworm) Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) Trichuris trichiura (whip worm) Cestodes (tapeworms) Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) Tanenia solium (pork tapeworm) Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) Echinococcus multilocularis TABLE 1. DISEASE-CAUSING ORGANISMS IN SEWAGE (3) Disease Gastroenteritis, heart anomalies, meningitis, others Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis Infectious hepatitis Respiratory disease, conjunctivitus, others Gastroenteritis Typhoid fever Salmonellosis Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) Gastroenteritis Balantidiasis Amoebiasis Giardiasis Ascariasis Ancylostomiasis Necatoriasis Cutaneous larva migrans Cutaneous larva migrans Enterobiasis Strongyloidiasis Visceral larva migrans Visceral larva migrans Trichuriasis Taeniasis Taeniasis Taeniasis Unilocular echinococcosis Alveolar hytid disease

12 TABLE 2. DISEASES RELATED TO BIOAEROSOLS (11,12) CONTAGIOUS DISEASES: MANY VIRAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES Infection Organisms must be viable. Transmission Mode Human to human. Route of Infection Through air or by contact. Agents Viruses: cannot reproduce without hosts, may survive on surfaces including ventilation or filtration. Bacteria (e.g., tuberculosis): generally not found in building substrates. Risk Factors Genetic factors, lack of immunity, dose, virulence of agents, environmental factors. Immune deficiency; medications, substance abuse, etc. Evaluation Diagnosis, epidemiology; air/source sampling is ineffective. Control Avoid contact. INFECTIONS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES: MANY BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES Infection Organisms must be viable; may also cause allergic/toxic response. Transmission Mode Environmental reservoirs; some such as chlamydia and rickettsia are associated with vector carriers such as rodents or other mammals. Route of Infection Through air or by contact. Agents Bacteria: Legionella (Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac Fever); flavobacteria, etc. Fungi: histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidioidomyces, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, etc. HYPERSENSITIVITY: ASTHMA AND HAY FEVER Immune Response Diseases; agents of exposure need not be alive. Transmission Model Environmental reservoirs. Route of Contact Inhalation. Agents Fungi (mostly spores), pollens, arthropods (mites, roaches), mammals (cat and dog danders), etc. HYPERSENSITIVITY: HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS Immune Response Diseases; agents of exposure need not be alive. Transmission Mode Environmental reservoirs. Route of Contact Inhalation. Agents Bacteria, actinomyces, fungi (mostly spores), protozoa, proteins, biological organic dust. Risk Factors Genetic factors, lack of immunity, dose, virulence of agents, environmental factors. Immune deficiency; medications, substance abuse, etc. Risk Factors Genetic factors, sensitization, antigenicity. Risk Factors Host risk unknown, prolonged and high levels of exposure, adjuvents, antigenicity. Evaluation Diagnosis, epidemiology, site observation, source sampling; air sampling may be useful for Aspergillus and Pseudomonas, but difficult for Legionella. Control Remove sources. Evaluation Diagnosis, site observation, source sampling of reservoirs, air sampling. Control Remove sources, avoid allergens. Evaluation Diagnosis, source sampling of reservoirs, air sampling. Control Remove sources, avoid allergens.

13 TABLE 2 (cont'd). DISEASES RELATED TO BIOAEROSOLS (11,12) TOXICOSES: ACUTE TOXICITY, IMMUNE SUPPRESSION, CANCER, AND HUMIDIFIER FEVER Direct Cellular Effect Toxins or carcinogens of biological origin; exposure units need not be alive, and may linger, depending on chemical stability; cancer is rare. Transmission Mode From environmental reservoirs either associated with organisms or discharged by organisms. Agents Bacteria toxins: endotoxins and exotoxins. Fungal toxins: mycotoxins, such as alfatoxins. Risk Factors Human response is constant; toxicity, dose, immune suppressors. Evaluation Diagnosis, site observation, source sampling of organisms, air sampling to verify exposure. Control Remove sources. Disinfectant/Class Alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol) TABLE 3. PROPERTIES OF CLASSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISINFECTANTS (13,14,15) Use Dilution Concentration Action Advantages Disadvantages 60 to 90% B, V, F Nonstaining, nonirritating Inactivated by organic matter, highly flammable Quarternary ammonium compounds 0.4 to 1.6% B*, V*, F Inexpensive Inactivated by organic matter, limited efficacy Phenolics Iodophors Glutaraldehydes 0.4 to 0.5% 75 ppm 2% B, F, V, (T) B, V, F, S**, T** B, V, F, S**, T Inexpensive, residual Stable, residual action Unaffected by organics, noncorrosive Toxic, irritant, corrosive Inactivated by organic matter, expensive Irritating vapors, expensive Hypochlorites Hydrogen peroxide 5,000 ppm free chlorine (1:10) >3% B, V, F, S**, T B, V, F, S**, T Inexpensive Relatively stable Bleaching agent, toxic, corrosive, inactivated by organic matter; removes color from many interior decor fabrics; dissolves protein fibers (e.g., wool, silk) Corrosive, expensive; degrades in heat or ultraviolet light Abbreviations: B = Bactericidal V = Virucidal F = Fungicidal * = Limited effectiveness ( ) = Not all formulations T = Tuberculocidal S = Sporicidal ** = Requires prolonged contact time

14 Biographical Sketches of Authors Michael Berry is the Deputy Director and William Ewald is a Health Scientist at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office at Research Triangle Park, NC. Eugene Cole is a Research Scientist at Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. Jeff Bishop, Claude Blackburn, Terry Smith, Nathan Suazo, and Steve Swan are members of the International Institute of Cleaning and Restoration Certification. Abstract Sewage backflows are serious health threats to humans indoors. The purpose of this paper is to summarize what is known about health effects associated with sewage backflow into indoor environments and to make technical recommendations for safe, effective restoration. Risks to health from specific pathogens are considered, and the classes of disinfectants and their properties are discussed. The recommendations for remediation are based largely on the characteristics of the contaminated material and the length of time of the contamination.

IUB Water Damage Restoration Guideline

IUB Water Damage Restoration Guideline IUB Water Damage Restoration Guideline Purpose The IUB Water Damage Restoration guideline was developed to ensure that all water intrusions are handled in a professional manner which includes the latest

More information

City of Philadelphia Mold Remediation, Water Damage and Use of Biocides

City of Philadelphia Mold Remediation, Water Damage and Use of Biocides City of Philadelphia Mold Remediation, Water Damage and Use of s This document provides direction for remediation of building materials in City facilities with potential, visible or laboratory verified

More information

Responding to Building Water Damage. Types of Water Damage. Why is Water Damage Such a Concern?

Responding to Building Water Damage. Types of Water Damage. Why is Water Damage Such a Concern? Responding to Building Water Damage When water damage occurs in a building an immediate response saves time and money, and protects health. Delays or incomplete responses increase both the scope and severity

More information

Mold Questions and Answers Questions and Answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds

Mold Questions and Answers Questions and Answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds Questions and Answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds Questions and Answers 1. I heard about "toxic molds" that grow in homes and other buildings. Should I be concerned about a serious health

More information

Mold and Mildew Mold and mildew can be detected by sight, smell and touch.

Mold and Mildew Mold and mildew can be detected by sight, smell and touch. Mold and Mildew Mold and mildew can be detected by sight, smell and touch. Molds are usually black (not unlike the molds that grow in showers and between grout), green or tan in color, but can be in various

More information

Stachybotrys chartarum a mold that may be found in water-damaged homes

Stachybotrys chartarum a mold that may be found in water-damaged homes Stachybotrys chartarum a mold that may be found in water-damaged homes November 2000 Environmental Health Investigations Branch California Department of Health Services Stachybotrys chartarum ecology Stachybotrys

More information

University of Vermont

University of Vermont University of Vermont Department of Physical Plant Burlington, Vermont WATER INTRUSION GUIDELINES In accordance with: IIRC S500 IIRC S520 EPA Document 402-K-01-001 REVISED AND DISTRIBUTED BY: THE UNIVERSITY

More information

APPENDIX B. EPA s Investigating, Evaluating, and Remediating Moisture and Mold Problems (see EPA website for complete details)

APPENDIX B. EPA s Investigating, Evaluating, and Remediating Moisture and Mold Problems (see EPA website for complete details) APPENDIX B. EPA s Investigating, Evaluating, and Remediating Moisture and Mold Problems (see EPA website for complete details) Table 1: Water Damage - Cleanup and Mold Prevention Table 1 presents strategies

More information

Mould Mould A Basic Guide

Mould Mould A Basic Guide Mould A Basic Guide Summary Mould is a fact of life. Moulds will grow practically everywhere people live and work. Mould is recognized as an occupational hazard for indoor workers as well as outdoor workers

More information

MOLD REMEDIATION KEY STEPS

MOLD REMEDIATION KEY STEPS MOLD REMEDIATION KEY STEPS The EPA has developed the following guidelines for mold remediation managers. These guidelines are generally helpful, but we believe an expert in the industry should be consulted

More information

Mold Management Plan Operations & Maintenance

Mold Management Plan Operations & Maintenance Document #: SAFETY_015 Revision Date: October 4, 2010 Mold Management Plan Operations & Maintenance Developed by: Environmental Health & Safety Approved by: Associate VP of Facilities & Campus Services

More information

Mold Response and Remediation Plan

Mold Response and Remediation Plan 1.0 Policy Statement The University of New Haven has developed a mold response and remediation plan in accordance with best practices set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Occupational

More information

MOLD RESPONSE AND REMEDIATION PLAN

MOLD RESPONSE AND REMEDIATION PLAN MOLD RESPONSE AND REMEDIATION PLAN Prepared By: Triumvirate Environmental Developed: April 2011 Last Revised: March 2015 Program Approval Associate Vice President of Public Safety & Administrative Services

More information

An Informational Pamphlet. 416 South East Street Lebanon, OH 45036

An Informational Pamphlet. 416 South East Street Lebanon, OH 45036 An Informational Pamphlet 416 South East Street Lebanon, OH 45036 What is Mold? Mold is a type of fungus that is present in our natural environment. Mold spores, which are tiny microscopic seeds, can

More information

Guidelines for Cleaning Staff on Managing Mould Growth in State Buildings

Guidelines for Cleaning Staff on Managing Mould Growth in State Buildings Guidelines for Cleaning Staff on Managing Mould Growth in State Buildings Prepared by the State Claims Agency 2 Index 1. Background 2. What are moulds? 3. What are the possible health effects? 4. How do

More information

Sewage Back-Ups: Information for Residents

Sewage Back-Ups: Information for Residents Sewage Back-Ups: Information for Residents Background: Severe rainstorms, floods, and even spring thaws can put a strain on sanitary sewers and septic systems. Large volumes of storm water and ground water

More information

NORMI Professional Guidance for DIY Projects

NORMI Professional Guidance for DIY Projects NORMI Professional Guidance for DIY Projects In general, a well-trained and experienced indoor mold remediation professional (CMR) should be consulted when performing remediation. You may find a NORMI

More information

FACT SHEET: Sewage Spills

FACT SHEET: Sewage Spills FACT SHEET: Sewage Spills Raw sewage contains biological agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that can cause serious illness and even death. There is also a risk from contamination with

More information

Nick s Inspection Services

Nick s Inspection Services Nick s Inspection Services 909 Shorthorn Grain Valley Mo. 64029 Phone: 816-355-0368 Cell: 816-225-5783 Email: nicksinspections@att.net Building Inspection Report and Protocol Inspection Date: 08-20-14

More information

Oakland Unified San Jose Unified Stanford University Santa Ana Unified Newhall Unified Clovis Unified Merced Union High School Grossmont Union High

Oakland Unified San Jose Unified Stanford University Santa Ana Unified Newhall Unified Clovis Unified Merced Union High School Grossmont Union High Oakland Unified San Jose Unified Stanford University Santa Ana Unified Newhall Unified Clovis Unified Merced Union High School Grossmont Union High School District Industry Standards Damage Assessments

More information

CHAPTER V: DISPOSAL OF WASTES CONTAMINATED WITH INFECTIOUS AGENTS

CHAPTER V: DISPOSAL OF WASTES CONTAMINATED WITH INFECTIOUS AGENTS CHAPTER V: DISPOSAL OF WASTES CONTAMINATED WITH INFECTIOUS AGENTS These biohazard waste disposal guidelines are designed to not only protect the public and the environment, but also laboratory and custodial

More information

DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE MOLD ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIATEION PROCEDURE

DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE MOLD ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIATEION PROCEDURE 1.0 Introduction DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE This Desert Research Institute (DRI) Mold Assessment and Remediation Procedure was established to assure that consistent and uniform information is provided to

More information

Response to Water Intrusion and Mold/Microbial Growth

Response to Water Intrusion and Mold/Microbial Growth I. Rationale Sufficient scientific evidence exists to conclude that there is an association between the presence of mold or other agents found in damp indoor environments and various health symptoms. Health

More information

Mold Basics. Why is mold growing in my home?

Mold Basics. Why is mold growing in my home? Mold Basics The key to mold control is moisture control. If mold is a problem in your home, you should clean up the mold promptly and fix the water problem. It is important to dry water-damaged areas and

More information

BUREAU OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Emergency Response/Indoor Air Quality Program

BUREAU OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Emergency Response/Indoor Air Quality Program BUREAU OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Emergency Response/Indoor Air Quality Program Use of Moisture Measuring Devices in Evaluating Water Damage in Buildings July 2007 The evaluation of mold colonization of building

More information

Mold. Clean Up, Removal, Safety Concerns

Mold. Clean Up, Removal, Safety Concerns Mold & Clean Up, Removal, Safety Concerns What is Mold? What are the Symptoms? Should I be concerned? What is Toxic Mold? Molds are fungi that can be found both indoors and outdoors. It s not know how

More information

Managing Water Infiltration into Buildings. Water Damage Check List

Managing Water Infiltration into Buildings. Water Damage Check List Managing Water Infiltration into Buildings A Systematized Approach for Remediating Water Problems in Buildings due to Floods, Roof Leaks, Potable Water Leaks, Sewage Backup, Steam Leaks and Groundwater

More information

MOLD FAQs. 1. What is mold and where does it live? 2. How can mold affect my health?

MOLD FAQs. 1. What is mold and where does it live? 2. How can mold affect my health? MOLD FAQs 1. What is mold and where does it live? Molds are microscopic fungi that are part of the natural environment. They can grow almost anywhere (inside and out), but live especially in the soil outside.

More information

Procedures for Gray or Black Water Remediation from Flooding Contamination in Buildings

Procedures for Gray or Black Water Remediation from Flooding Contamination in Buildings LOSS CONTROL REFERENCE NOTE : from Liberty Mutual Insurance Procedures for Gray or Black Water Remediation from Flooding Contamination in Buildings HIGHLIGHTS: Gray water or black water from flooding may

More information

ASBESTOS SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

ASBESTOS SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ASBESTOS SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. P.O. Box 505 Bangor, CA 95914 Phone (530) 518-0934 Email - astinc17@yahoo.com Report for Lincoln Elementary School 1582 Lincoln Road Yuba City, Ca. 95993 Mold Report

More information

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR MOLD REMEDIATION

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR MOLD REMEDIATION West Virginia University Environmental Health and Safety STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR MOLD REMEDIATION Origination Date August 2013. Contents Purpose:... 2 Job Scope... 2 Definitions... 2 Roles/Responsibilities:...

More information

WHEN IT RAINS, IT POURS WATER DAMAGE RESTORATION

WHEN IT RAINS, IT POURS WATER DAMAGE RESTORATION WHEN IT RAINS, IT POURS WATER DAMAGE RESTORATION SUMMARY Damage to a facility from water can come in many forms. From a sprinkler malfunction to a hurricane, water damage can damage and destroy a building

More information

Mooring USA Education Program

Mooring USA Education Program Mooring USA Education Program Presented by: Rick Linahan, President Water Damage CE Course 1 BCH From 290 Westbound: Exit West Little York and continue straight on the service road Turn right at the 2

More information

UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO

UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO SUBJECT: MOLD PREVENTION AND REMEDIATION Procedure No: HM-08-035 PROCEDURE STATEMENT All indoor areas on campus are expected to present no immediate threat to the health and well-being

More information

A Guideline for Cleaning Up After Flood or Sewer Back-up

A Guideline for Cleaning Up After Flood or Sewer Back-up A Guideline for Cleaning Up After Flood or Sewer Back-up Revised 2010-03 INDEX PAGE Index 2 Personal Protection 3 Procedure for Cleaning Up 3 Safety 4 Initial Clean-up 5 Clean-up and Disinfection 5 Disinfectants

More information

Mold Prevention and Remediation Program

Mold Prevention and Remediation Program Mold Prevention and Remediation Program TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 3 Objective... 3 Applicability... 3 Responsibilities... 3 Program Enforcement... 5 HAZARD ASSESSMENT... 6 Visual Inspection...

More information

Guidelines for Mold Remediation (Removal)

Guidelines for Mold Remediation (Removal) Guidelines for Mold Remediation (Removal) Indoor mold growth, water damage, or musty odors should be addressed quickly. Removing mold growth and correcting the underlying cause of water accumulation can

More information

FIRE DAMAGE RESTORATION. Fire Damage Restoration in Colorado Springs, CO. Serving El Paso County and surrounding areas

FIRE DAMAGE RESTORATION. Fire Damage Restoration in Colorado Springs, CO. Serving El Paso County and surrounding areas EMERGENCY RESPONSE: If you are a victim of a wildfire, we're here to help. We provide complete demolition services, erosion control, smoke mitigation, restoration services and re-build in all of El Paso

More information

Mold. Guidelines for New Jersey Residents. Understanding Mold Investigations & Remediation

Mold. Guidelines for New Jersey Residents. Understanding Mold Investigations & Remediation Mold Guidelines for New Jersey Residents Understanding Mold Investigations & Remediation What Services Should I Ask For? What Are Important Inspection Procedures? Is Mold Sampling Helpful? What Information

More information

Old Dominion University Mold Management Plan

Old Dominion University Mold Management Plan OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 5255 Hampton Blvd. Spong Hall, suite 2501 Norfolk, Virginia 23529 Phone: (757) 683-4495 Fax: (757) 683-6025 Occupational Safety & Health Environmental Health Laboratory

More information

Water should be removed as soon as possible once the safety of the structure has been verified.

Water should be removed as soon as possible once the safety of the structure has been verified. FACT SHEET Posted October 18 2005 Check List for Infection Control Concerns when Reopening Healthcare Facilities Closed due to Extensive Water and Wind Damage Prior to opening a healthcare facility that

More information

Cleaning up after sewage backup

Cleaning up after sewage backup Be prepared Being prepared before an emergency strikes will benefit you greatly in: Reducing your stress and protecting your health. Minimizing possible exposure to health hazards. Minimizing loss to personal

More information

WATER DAMAGE, MOLD* GROWTH AND IAQ

WATER DAMAGE, MOLD* GROWTH AND IAQ WATER DAMAGE, MOLD* GROWTH AND IAQ *Mold and Mildew are fungi What conditions may pose a problem & why What to do My name is: Jacquelyn Brown Environmental Protection Program Specialist (Health & Safety

More information

How To Prevent And Manage A Flood And Mold

How To Prevent And Manage A Flood And Mold Flood Response and Mold Prevention Program Prepared by the Berea College Department of Environmental Health and Safety Revised May 2010 Contents I. Introduction II. III. IV. Flood and Mold Hazards Roles

More information

CLEANING AND SANITIZING

CLEANING AND SANITIZING CLEANING AND SANITIZING Cleaning and sanitizing procedures must be part of the standard operating procedures that make up your food safety program. Improperly cleaned and sanitized surfaces allow harmful

More information

Dangers of Flooded Houses

Dangers of Flooded Houses THE STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH OFFERS THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION FOR FLOODING OF HOMES/BUILDINGS HOME OR BUILDING FLOODED!!?? TAKE THESE PRECAUTIONS BEFORE GETTTING BACK INTO YOUR HOME OR BUSINESS.

More information

Facts About Moulds. Should I be concerned about mould in my building?

Facts About Moulds. Should I be concerned about mould in my building? Introduction This information has been developed by Saskatchewan Health and the Occupational Health and Safety Division of Saskatchewan Labour and is intended to apply to private residences, public buildings

More information

WATER DAMAGE/MOLD INVESTIGATION. Massachusetts Department of Developmental Services 68 North Main Street Carver, Massachusetts

WATER DAMAGE/MOLD INVESTIGATION. Massachusetts Department of Developmental Services 68 North Main Street Carver, Massachusetts WATER DAMAGE/MOLD INVESTIGATION Massachusetts Department of Developmental Services 68 North Main Street Carver, Massachusetts Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public Health Bureau of Environmental

More information

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH GUIDELINE

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH GUIDELINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH GUIDELINE Subject: Flood Damage Remediation Date: 6/24/09 Revision: 01 Page 1 of 9 Section TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary...2 Scope...2 Reference Regulations...2

More information

Part 2: Drying Out Your Home

Part 2: Drying Out Your Home Part 2: Drying Out Your Home Now you're ready to begin drying out your home and establishing your plan for rebuilding. The information contained in this section will help you to dry out and decontaminate

More information

Indoor Flood Cleanup and Mold Remediation Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

Indoor Flood Cleanup and Mold Remediation Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Indoor Flood Cleanup and Mold Remediation Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this SOP is to outline proper methods for cleanup and disposal following an indoor water release

More information

University of Nevada, Reno Facilities Services Department STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE. Facilities Maintenance Services

University of Nevada, Reno Facilities Services Department STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE. Facilities Maintenance Services University of Nevada, Reno Facilities Services Department STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Facilities Maintenance Services Indoor Flood Cleanup and Mold Prevention DATE: 6/24/15 REVISED: PURPOSE This University

More information

Educational Performance, Environmental Management, and Cleaning Effectiveness in School Environments

Educational Performance, Environmental Management, and Cleaning Effectiveness in School Environments Educational Performance, Environmental Management, and Cleaning Effectiveness in School Environments By Michael A. Berry, Ph.D. 16 Charrington Place Chapel Hill, NC 27514 Phone: (919) 493-7409 E-mail:

More information

Managing Water Infiltration Into Buildings

Managing Water Infiltration Into Buildings Managing Water Infiltration Into Buildings A systemized approach for remediating water problems in buildings due to floods, roof leaks, potable water leaks, sewage backup, steam leaks and groundwater infiltration.

More information

Mold and Indoor Air Quality in Schools. University of Nebraska Lincoln Extension

Mold and Indoor Air Quality in Schools. University of Nebraska Lincoln Extension Mold and Indoor Air Quality in Schools University of Nebraska Lincoln Extension Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Air quality can be affected by many compounds and organisms Molds and other indoor air pollutants

More information

Genett Group, Inc. Genett Group, Inc. Anti Microbial Technology. Hospitality Schools Hospitals Construction Remediator Assessor

Genett Group, Inc. Genett Group, Inc. Anti Microbial Technology. Hospitality Schools Hospitals Construction Remediator Assessor Genett Group, Inc. 1515 FEDERAL HIGHWAY BOCA RATON, FL 33432 561 392 6176 Genettgroup.com Hospitality Schools Hospitals Construction Remediator Assessor Anti Microbial Technology Clean Room Antiseptic

More information

CHILDCARE SETTINGS. Childcare Settings

CHILDCARE SETTINGS. Childcare Settings Childcare Settings This document provides guidelines and recommendations for cleaning childcare settings such as nurseries, crèches and schools in the event of a disease outbreak in the vicinity. Cleaning

More information

Bird and bat droppings

Bird and bat droppings Bird and bat droppings Introduction While the hazards of bird and bat droppings are generally exaggerated, there is some risk of disease wherever there are large populations of roosting birds or bats.

More information

CARE HOMES AND NURSING HOMES

CARE HOMES AND NURSING HOMES Care Homes and Nursing Homes: This document provides guidelines and recommendations for cleaning care homes and nursing homes in the event of a disease outbreak in the vicinity. Cleaning and disinfection

More information

Clean Water: Supply side potable water, not wastewater. Gray Water/Sewage: Wastewater originating from a drain (sink, toilet, urinal).

Clean Water: Supply side potable water, not wastewater. Gray Water/Sewage: Wastewater originating from a drain (sink, toilet, urinal). Procedures for Emergency Responses to Flooding and Building Water Intrusion PURPOSE: To establish uniform, sanitary, and systematic procedures for responding to flooding and water intrusion emergencies.

More information

Biological Contamination in the HVAC System

Biological Contamination in the HVAC System Biological Contamination in the HVAC System by Chin S. Yang, Ph.D. P & K Microbiology Services, Inc. Cherry Hill, New Jersey The heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system (HVAC) in a building is

More information

A Guide to Water Damage Restoration MISSION STATEMENT THE DOME COMMITMENT

A Guide to Water Damage Restoration MISSION STATEMENT THE DOME COMMITMENT A Guide to Water Damage Restoration MISSION STATEMENT THE DOME COMMITMENT Our mission is to deliver the highest quality disaster restoration, remediation/abatement and general contracting services in a

More information

New Protocol for the Assessment and Remediation of Indoor Mold Growth

New Protocol for the Assessment and Remediation of Indoor Mold Growth New Protocol for the Assessment and Remediation of Indoor Mold Growth Ed Light 1,*, Roger Gay 1 and James Bailey 1 1 Building Dynamics, LLC, Ashton MD (USA) *Corresponding email: ELight@building-dynamics.com

More information

NYU Safety Policy Manual

NYU Safety Policy Manual NYU Safety Policy Manual Page 1 of 6 Subject: Mold Prevention, Assessment, and Remediation Program Policy No. 167 ISSUE DATE REPLACES ORIGINATOR APPLICATION NYU Washington Square Campus PURPOSE The purpose

More information

CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Emergency Response/Indoor Air Quality Program

CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Emergency Response/Indoor Air Quality Program CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Emergency Response/Indoor Air Quality Program Guidance Concerning Remediation and Prevention of Mold Growth and Water Damage in Public Schools/Buildings to Maintain Air

More information

WATER DAMAGE INVESTIGATION. Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities 1 South Station Boston, Massachusetts

WATER DAMAGE INVESTIGATION. Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities 1 South Station Boston, Massachusetts WATER DAMAGE INVESTIGATION Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities 1 South Station Boston, Massachusetts Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public Health Bureau of Environmental Health Indoor

More information

It is a violation of U.S. Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling.

It is a violation of U.S. Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. Sporicidin Application Guide Product Description Sporicidin Disinfectant Products (Solution, Spray and Wipes) are FDA, EPA and OSHA compliant. They are recommended for use in homes, offices, hospitals,

More information

Queen's University Environmental Health & Safety. 1.0 Introduction

Queen's University Environmental Health & Safety. 1.0 Introduction 1 Introduction The were developed by the Department of Environmental Health & Safety in accordance with the University s Policy Statement on Health and Safety and to ensure compliance with the Ontario

More information

There are several types of air cleaning devices available, each designed to remove certain types of pollutants.

There are several types of air cleaning devices available, each designed to remove certain types of pollutants. Please Note: EPA neither certifies nor recommends particular brands of home air cleaning devices. While some home air cleaning devices may be useful in some circumstances, EPA makes no broad endorsement

More information

Remediation of Mold and Bacteria from Clean, Gray and Black Water Contamination in Buildings

Remediation of Mold and Bacteria from Clean, Gray and Black Water Contamination in Buildings LOSS CONTROL REFERENCE NOTE : from Liberty Mutual Insurance Remediation of Mold and Bacteria from Clean, Gray and Black Water Contamination in Buildings HIGHLIGHTS: Provides guidelines for remediating

More information

PACUC Guidelines. Rodent Survival Surgery

PACUC Guidelines. Rodent Survival Surgery PACUC Guidelines Rodent Survival Surgery Guidelines for rodent survival surgery are based on the National Research Council Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 8 th edition and the Animal Welfare

More information

Mold Remediation Practices

Mold Remediation Practices Lorman Educational Services Mold Remediation Practices Presented by: A. James Partridge, PE James Partridge Consulting, LLC 925 South Adams Road Birmingham MI 48009-7039 248.645.1465 voice 248.645.1590

More information

Water Damage Restoration Program December 1, 2015

Water Damage Restoration Program December 1, 2015 Water Damage Restoration Program December 1, 2015 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Purpose Indiana University Environmental Health and Safety (IUEHS) has developed this Program to ensure that all water intrusions

More information

NIOSH Interim Recommendations for the Cleaning and Remediation of Flood-Contaminated HVAC Systems: A Guide for Building Owners and Managers

NIOSH Interim Recommendations for the Cleaning and Remediation of Flood-Contaminated HVAC Systems: A Guide for Building Owners and Managers NIOSH Interim Recommendations for the Cleaning and Remediation of Flood-Contaminated HVAC Systems: A Guide for Building Owners and Managers Introduction During flooding, systems for heating, ventilating,

More information

Safety Policy Manual Policy No. 112

Safety Policy Manual Policy No. 112 Policy: Mold Prevention, Assessment and Remediation Program Page 1 of 9 APPLICATION NYU Langone Medical Center (NYULMC) POLICY SUMMARY NYULMC is committed to protecting employees, patients, and visitors

More information

MOLD REMEDIATION Kathleen Parrott, Ph.D. Professor of Housing, Virginia Tech

MOLD REMEDIATION Kathleen Parrott, Ph.D. Professor of Housing, Virginia Tech MOLD REMEDIATION Kathleen Parrott, Ph.D. Professor of Housing, Virginia Tech Virginia Cooperative Extension has three publications to help you deal with mold in your home: Mold Basics: What is mold? How

More information

Excerpts from EPA s Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings

Excerpts from EPA s Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings www.epa.gov/mold/mold_remediation.html Compiled by SUNY Office for Capital Facilities, May 2014 Page 1 Compiled by SUNY Office for Capital Facilities, May 2014 Page 2 Compiled by SUNY Office for Capital

More information

Got Mold? Frequently Asked Questions About Mold

Got Mold? Frequently Asked Questions About Mold Office of Environmental Health & Safety Got Mold? Frequently Asked Questions About Mold What are molds? With more than 100,000 species in the world, it is no wonder molds can be found everywhere. Neither

More information

WATER INFILTRATION INTO BUILDINGS: Part 1: Mold in Buildings General Information

WATER INFILTRATION INTO BUILDINGS: Part 1: Mold in Buildings General Information WATER INFILTRATION INTO BUILDINGS: Part 1: Mold in Buildings General Information Part 2: Guidelines for Managing Water Infiltration into Buildings Roles & Responsibilities Part 3: Guidelines for Facilities

More information

INDOOR MOLD AND HEALTH A Fungus Among Us

INDOOR MOLD AND HEALTH A Fungus Among Us INDOOR MOLD AND HEALTH A Fungus Among Us This article addresses some of the most common questions and concerns about indoor mold, how it affects human health and ways in which you can prevent or remove

More information

CLEAN UP FOR VOMITING & DIARRHEAL EVENT IN RETAIL FOOD FACILITIES

CLEAN UP FOR VOMITING & DIARRHEAL EVENT IN RETAIL FOOD FACILITIES CLEAN UP FOR VOMITING & DIARRHEAL EVENT IN RETAIL FOOD FACILITIES GENERAL INFORMATION Noroviruses are a group of viruses that cause gastroenteritis [gas-trō-en-ter-ī-tis] in people. Gastroenteritis is

More information

Commonwealth of Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services Department for Public Health Division of Public Health Protection and Safety

Commonwealth of Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services Department for Public Health Division of Public Health Protection and Safety June 2, 2004 Commonwealth of Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services Department for Public Health Division of Public Health Protection and Safety 275 East Main Street HS1EB Frankfort, KY 40621

More information

Help Yourself to a Healthy Home Mold and Moisture

Help Yourself to a Healthy Home Mold and Moisture Help Yourself to a Healthy Home Mold and Moisture SHOULD YOU BE CONCERNED? Mold produces spores, tiny specks you can t see and that float through the air. When you breathe in mold spores, they get into

More information

INDOOR WATER INTRUSION (INDOOR WATER LINE BREAKS) Region 8 Sustainability & Environmental Management System

INDOOR WATER INTRUSION (INDOOR WATER LINE BREAKS) Region 8 Sustainability & Environmental Management System 1.0 Purpose & Scope The purpose of this procedure is to provide a standardized approach to handle the unwanted entry of water, known as water incursions or intrusions into an indoor environment. This procedure

More information

Water Incursion Standard Operating Procedure

Water Incursion Standard Operating Procedure Water Incursion Standard Operating Procedure Purpose: To provide a standardized procedure in the event of water incursion into any Penn State University facility. References: A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture

More information

Certificate of Mold Analysis

Certificate of Mold Analysis , Tel: (954) 384-4446 Fax: (954) 384-4838 Toll Free: 800-427-0550 AIHA Lab ID # 163230 Prepared for: Phone Number: (800) 427-0550 Fax Number: (555) 555-5555 Email Address: Test Location: prolabinc@gmail.com

More information

IAQ - indoor ventilation Air contaminants Molds Requirements for growth Health effects Mold prevention - moisture EH&S mold checks & removal

IAQ - indoor ventilation Air contaminants Molds Requirements for growth Health effects Mold prevention - moisture EH&S mold checks & removal Indoor Air Quality & Mold Class Spring 2012 Building Monitors Meeting Presentation Agenda IAQ - indoor ventilation Air contaminants Molds Requirements for growth Health effects Mold prevention - moisture

More information

Preventing Long-Term Damage from Water Infiltration/Flooding in School Buildings

Preventing Long-Term Damage from Water Infiltration/Flooding in School Buildings Preventing Long-Term Damage from Water Infiltration/Flooding in School Buildings A systematized approach for remediating water problems in buildings because of floods, roof leaks, potable water leaks,

More information

Now that Your Building Experienced Water Damage What Must You and Your Water Damage Restoration Contractor Agree On?

Now that Your Building Experienced Water Damage What Must You and Your Water Damage Restoration Contractor Agree On? w that Your Building Experienced Water Damage What Must You and Your Water Damage Restoration Contractor Agree On? By Completing a Building and Occupant Survey Hopefully Your Questions will be Answered

More information

Oxivir Tb and Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) Frequently Asked Questions

Oxivir Tb and Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) Frequently Asked Questions Oxivir Tb and Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) Frequently Asked Questions What is Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP)? AHP is a patented synergistic blend of commonly used, safe ingredients that when

More information

Mold Remediation in Occupied Homes

Mold Remediation in Occupied Homes building science.com 2008 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Mold Remediation in Occupied Homes Research Report - 0210 January-2002 Joseph Lstiburek, Terry Brennan

More information

Fungal Assessment. Smith Recreation Community Centre 1019 Hwy 2A, Smith, Alberta

Fungal Assessment. Smith Recreation Community Centre 1019 Hwy 2A, Smith, Alberta Top Q A DIVISION OF TOP QUALITY INSPECTIONS INC. Fungal Assessment Smith Recreation Community Centre 1019 Hwy 2A, Smith, Alberta 2012 P. O. B o x 8 3 0 2 4, E d m o n t o n, A B T 5 T 6 S 1 P h o n e :

More information

Material Safety Data Sheet

Material Safety Data Sheet Material Safety Data Sheet DL-Mandelic acid MSDS 0 Section : Chemical Product and Company Identification He a lt h Fire Re a c t iv it y Pe rs o n a l Pro t e c t io n 0 E Product Name: DL-Mandelic acid

More information

Material Safety Data Sheet Ampicillin, sodium salt MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheet Ampicillin, sodium salt MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet Ampicillin, sodium salt MSDS Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Name: Ampicillin, sodium salt Catalog Codes: SLA1666 CAS#: 69-52-3 RTECS: XH8400000

More information

United States Environmental Protection Agency. A Brief Guide to. Mold, Moisture, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

United States Environmental Protection Agency. A Brief Guide to. Mold, Moisture, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) United States Environmental Protection Agency A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) EPA 402-K-02-003 (Reprinted 09/2010) This Guide provides information and guidance for

More information

Prevention. Cause. Causes: Groundwater seepage through the basement walls. Prevention: OPEN 24 Hours. Surface runoff. Sanitary sewer backup

Prevention. Cause. Causes: Groundwater seepage through the basement walls. Prevention: OPEN 24 Hours. Surface runoff. Sanitary sewer backup U n d e r s t a n d i n g B a s e m e n t F l o o d i n g Cause hen a basement floods, it is a source of stress and frustration for everyone involved. The City of Lansing wants to be a resource of information

More information

33 Infection Control Techniques

33 Infection Control Techniques CHAPTER 33 Infection Control Techniques Learning Outcomes 33.1 Describe the medical assistant s role in infection control. 33.2 Describe methods of infection control. 33.3 Compare and contrast medical

More information

March 2007. Get The Mold Out: Mold Clean-Up Guidance for Residences. Introduction

March 2007. Get The Mold Out: Mold Clean-Up Guidance for Residences. Introduction March 2007 Connecticut Department of Public Health Environmental Health Section Environmental & Occupational Health Assessment Program 410 Capitol Avenue MS # 11EOH, PO Box 340308 Hartford, CT 06134-0308

More information

Category III: Emergency Protocols BPM Water Emergency Response Plan

Category III: Emergency Protocols BPM Water Emergency Response Plan Category III: Emergency Protocols BPM Water Emergency Response Plan BPM Water Emergency Response Plan ISOLATE water-impacted area(s). SAFETY FIRST!! Eliminate electrical and any other imminent hazards.

More information

WATER DAMAGE INVESTIGATION. Massachusetts Gaming Commission 101 Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts

WATER DAMAGE INVESTIGATION. Massachusetts Gaming Commission 101 Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts WATER DAMAGE INVESTIGATION Massachusetts Gaming Commission 101 Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts Prepared by: Massachusetts Department of Public Health Bureau of Environmental Health Indoor Air Quality

More information