Chapter 1 Introduction

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 provides background information on electronic safety and secuirty (ESS), including the definition and areas of knowledge required for an ESS designer. Information contained in this chapter describes each of the main areas of knowledge and how they are arranged in this manual.

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3 Table of Contents Overview Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) Designer Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) History Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) Bodies of Knowledge Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) Design Fundamentals Access Control Surveillance and Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) Fire Detection and Alarm Integrated Systems Types of Projects Current and Future Trends in Safety and Security Information Technology (IT) Physical Security Integration of Access Control and Building Automation Systems (BASs) Surveillance and Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) Today s Technology and Convergence BICSI 1-i ESS Design Reference Manual, 1st edition

4 Overview The Electronic Safety and Security Design Reference Manual (ESSDRM) is designed to educate and inform professionals in the safety and security arena. The ESSDRM discusses trends and expertise in security areas that apply to information transport systems (ITS) and the integration of safety and security systems. IMPORTANT: The ESSDRM is not intended to be a stand-alone manual; therefore, the construction of a comprehensive safety and security design requires reference to additional bodies of knowledge. Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) Designer The Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) designer understands the best practices for the design, operation, and integration of security into the built environment, including the infrastructure, ITS, and common hardware. The ESS designer should have the skills to effectively participate as a team member in the design, oversight, installation, and commissioning of the safety and security aspects of projects. The ESS designer is commonly referred to as a security designer. Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) History Security is a discipline with a long history. This now mature discipline has grown from the early human guarding of objects to sophisticated surveillance cameras and building automation systems (BASs). Each began as a stand-alone system, but the rise of networks and ITS has lead to an increased need to converge multiple systems. Advancements in common infrastructure have enabled manufacturers to create systems based on similar network protocols, allowing different systems to communicate with one another. The simple beginnings, exemplified by the employment of guards and patrols, have progressed to complex advancements in surveillance that has enabled the addition of intelligence to electronic security systems and BASs. The practice of integrating various building systems has grown. The need to link or monitor multiple sites remotely has created a greater demand for converged applications. Surveillance and cameras also have seen a demand to migrate from stand-alone systems to networkable systems BICSI 1-1 ESS Design Reference Manual, 1st edition

5 Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) Bodies of Knowledge The ESS designer should have knowledge of: ESS design fundamentals. Access control. Surveillance and closed-circuit television (CCTV). Fire detection and alarm. Integrated systems. Other chapters in this manual are devoted to areas and practices that influence the design of a security system. These chapters address security consulting; design practices; codes, standards, regulations, and organizations; legal issues; and the design process of the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) Design Fundamentals The ability to use and integrate the various practices, methodologies, and devices constitutes the practice of safety and security design. Many elements of design are unique to the protection of life and property, and others are multidisciplinary. The ESS designer must have a firm grasp of the fundamentals and be able to incorporate aspects of the trades brought into the ESS design by other professionals. Depending on the expertise or knowledge of the ESS designer, additional support may not be necessary. These fundamentals will be discussed in detail throughout this manual. Access Control Access control is important for overall personal safety and the protection of physical and intellectual property. Access control devices can include locks, integrated electronic devices controlling a single door or room, or a complex system of interconnected electronic devices controlling a zone, building, or campus. ESS designs can be affected by each individual s location and the level of security desired. ESS Design Reference Manual, 1st edition BICSI

6 Electronic Safety and Security (ESS) Bodies of Knowledge, continued Surveillance and Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) CCTV is a widely used technology within ESS systems. CCTV involves the use of cameras for watching or controlling assets. CCTV is the process of image: Capturing. Transmitting. Processing. Viewing. Recording. This technology requires knowledge of cameras and their placement, as well as knowledge of image transmission and recording principles. Fire Detection and Alarm Fire detection and alarm involves the early detection and notification of life safety threats. Fire detection and alarm requires that the ESS designer have a thorough knowledge of specific codes, statutes, and the requirements of the applicable authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Integrated Systems Integrated systems cover concepts, systems, and processes related to convergence of ESS systems or their integration with other building systems. Through integration, ESS systems begin to interact with other building systems. Integrated ESS systems are deployed in a wide variety of environments, including facilities, campuses, vehicles, and persons. Types of Projects An ESS project may be a new construction or a retrofit for an existing facility. Types of designs facing the ESS designer may include: Original design. Retrofit for an existing plan. Upgrade or replacement of an existing system. To successfully complete a project, the ESS designer must be able to interact with building owners, tenants, architects, engineers, and security professionals. The ESS designer also may need to consult end users and other stakeholders BICSI 1-3 ESS Design Reference Manual, 1st edition

7 Current and Future Trends in Safety and Security Several areas in safety and security design are affected by rapid growth in technology, including: Information technology. Physical security. Integration of access control and BAS. Surveillance/CCTV. Information Technology (IT) The ESS designer must understand the project s impact on the client s IT networks. The impact may be financial, operational, and physical (e.g., switch ports, bandwidth, cabling). The ESS designer must also have a reasonable understanding of network terminology, architecture, and function. Coordination with the client s IT department is important for ensuring the success of any safety or security project that has an impact on the IT network. Physical Security Physical security describes measures that deter, detect, delay, mitigate, or notify any attempt to injure, damage, modify, or remove an asset or person. This includes damage by accident, fire, environmental elements, crime, vandalism, and industrial espionage. Physical security can be a simple device or as elaborate as multiple layers of electronic measures. Depending on the situation, consulting with architects, engineers, and hardware designers may be necessary for physical security consideration. This manual will describe in greater detail situations and hardware types for general building applications falling under conventional codes. In some special situations (e.g., military and correctional facilities), codes commonly used for commercial buildings may not apply. ESS Design Reference Manual, 1st edition BICSI

8 Current and Future Trends in Safety and Security, continued Integration of Access Control and Building Automation Systems (BASs) The client often will require multiple levels of access within a space, and personnel may require access to a number of different areas, rooms, or spaces. The access levels may change over time and may impact or be impacted by other building systems. When an access control system is integrated with one or more BASs, the design goals require a more holistic approach. Observing the client s space and surrounding areas has always been a major aspect of access control as part of the security system. Understanding how the electronic access control (EAC) system integrates with BASs and subsystems in the surrounding areas is becoming a major factor in the design of EACs. Surveillance and Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) Surveillance systems record activities in the client s targeted areas for local or remote review. Modern camera systems may be: Digital. Analog. Digital/analog hybrids. Internet protocol (IP) cameras. Many factors will affect the selection, including court admissibility, network impact, and available space within buildings to house equipment. Today s Technology and Convergence Technology s growing impact on security has led to the convergence of many systems. Convergence can encompass a range of capabilities, from limited monitoring to full command and control functions across a common IP-based network. Some of the most common types of convergence are interconnection of: Multiple systems within a single site. Single systems across multiple sites. Multiple systems across multiple sites BICSI 1-5 ESS Design Reference Manual, 1st edition