Smarter Network Storage The UK s largest electrical energy storage system. Martin Wilcox, Head of Future Networks

Transcription

1 Smarter Network Storage The UK s largest electrical energy storage system Martin Wilcox, Head of Future Networks

2 Welcome & Housekeeping 2

3 Agenda for the day Morning session General overview and introduction to business case Site planning and storage design/technology Afternoon session Smart Optimisation and Control IT platform Moving into 2015/6 3

4 Introduction to Smarter Network Storage Nick Heyward, Smarter Network Storage Project Director

5 What use is energy storage to network operators? Future challenges: Increased penetration of low-carbon technologies, distributed generation and greater intermittency in the energy mix Increased electricity demand Higher peak demands Thermal & voltage constraints Less predictable load & generation cycles Significant costly and disruptive network investment, without smart intervention 5

6 Storage can avoid these issues, and reduce network investment costs Using storage to manage peak demands, or smooth renewables output can defer or avoid the drivers of conventional reinforcement Increased electricity demand Higher peak demands Thermal & voltage constraints Less predictable load & gen cycles Greater flexibility and avoided or reduced network investment 6

7 Our small-scale installation has proved some of the concepts Location: Hemsby, Great Yarmouth Energy capacity: 200 kwh Real power: 200kW (600 kw (peak) for short durations) Reactive power: 600kVAr 7

8 helping to provide learning and confidence in the use of storage 8

9 Several challenges hamper widespread adoption... High CAPEX cost of commercial storage technologies = multiple stacked benefits needed Challenges in accessing multiple benefits & optimising Limited experience of any proven business models Uncertainty in policy and regulatory landscape Limited experience and confidence in storage as network-connected assets 9

10 which the Smarter Network Storage project hopes to help address High Demonstrate CAPEX cost multi-purpose of commercial application storage technologies of storage sharing = multiple learning stacked on the benefits realisable needed benefits Develop Challenges novel in optimisation accessing multiple & control benefits systems & for optimising storage Provide Limited insight experience & assess of any viability proven of business multiple models business model variants Uncertainty Assess regulatory in policy and & legal regulatory barriers, landscape make recommendations & develop commercial arrangements for shared use Limited Deployment experience & operation and confidence of large-scale in storage battery as energy storage network-connected adding to body assets of learning for DNOs 10

11 The Smarter Network Storage Project 13.2m LCN funding awarded in Nov m investment by UK Power Networks Partners Suppliers 11

12 SNS Where are we in the Journey? Planning & Design of Storage Oct 2013 Storage Commissioned Oct Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Design Build Installation Trial Application & Service trials Commercial & Regulatory assessments Business Models Consultation July 2013 SOCS IT Design & Architecture Dec 2013 Commercial arrangements for shared use Oct

13 The SNS Business Case Nick Heyward, Smarter Network Storage Project Director

14 Drivers of the Storage Business Case Value of constraint avoidance Local evolution of demand/generation Storage Capex & Opex Storage technical capabilities Benefits streams available, and apportionment Ancillary market pricing 14

15 MVA The alternative to storage Grid substation 132kV to 33kV Grid Supply Site Demand 20/12/10-21/12/10 Demand N-1 rating Power flow Conventional intervention: 3 rd line :00 12:00 00:00 12:00 00:00 Time Overhead lines Primary substation 33kV to 11kV To Customers Energy Storage Single overhead line capacity Site demand / customer load 15

16 Why DNOs haven t yet deployed storage On a pure CAPEX basis, energy storage can seldom compete with the conventional options Third 33kV OHL and 38MVA Primary transformer 6MW/10MWh Energy Storage System 6.2m 11.2m Including labour, civil, electricals. Excluding Opex. All values in 2013 prices 16

17 The pathway to benefits 1/4 m Conventional Once Proven Successful Conventional Reinforcement 11.5 Installed Cost Tech Cost Reduction / Ahead of Need Future Income Streams 2.5 System Cost Savings 4.0 Future Net Method Cost Source: UKPN analysis, Poyry Analysis. Includes Civil, Elec, Labour, Opex estimates. All values in 2013 prices. Discount factor 7.2% 17

18 The pathway to benefits 2/4 m Conventional Once Proven Successful Conventional Reinforcement 11.5 Installed Cost Tech Cost Reduction / Ahead of Need Future Income Streams 2.5 System Cost Savings 4.0 Future Net Method Cost Source: UKPN analysis, Poyry Analysis. Includes Civil, Elec, Labour, Opex estimates. All values in 2013 prices. Discount factor 7.2% 18

19 The pathway to benefits 3/4 m Conventional Once Proven Successful Conventional Reinforcement 11.5 Installed Cost Tech Cost Reduction / Ahead of Need Future Income Streams 2.5 System Cost Savings 4.0 Future Net Method Cost Source: UKPN analysis, Poyry Analysis. Includes Civil, Elec, Labour, Opex estimates. All values in 2013 prices. Discount factor 7.2% 19

20 The pathway to benefits 4/4 m Conventional Once Proven Successful Conventional Reinforcement 11.5 Installed Cost Tech Cost Reduction / Ahead of Need Future Income Streams 2.5 System Cost Savings 4.0 Future Net Method Cost Source: UKPN analysis, Poyry Analysis. Includes Civil, Elec, Labour, Opex estimates. All values in 2013 prices. Discount factor 7.2% 20

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22 SNS Planning and Site Selection John Hayling Investment, Policy & Low Carbon Development Manager

23 Planning and Site Selection Interaction of storage design drivers and design choices Site selection at Leighton Buzzard Overview of planning process Planning submission and stakeholder consultation Learning points 23

24 Need Reinforcement Requirement Meeting Need Conventional Storage Other E.g. DG, DM Drivers Application Requirement Safety Expansion Site / Location Budget Key Design Choice Technology Lead Supplier Main Housing Module Size Impact Noise Level Cooling Requirement Flood Mitigation Planning Requirement Foot print Fire Suppression 24

25 Site Selection Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire March Grid, Norfolk Shepway, Maidstone, Kent 25

26 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Site Location Leighton Buzzard 33/11kV primary substation was selected as the site as it provides an ideal opportunity to demonstrate SNS: Demand growth MVA 45.0 would require 40.0 significant network 35.0 reinforcement A 6 MW/10 MWh Li-ion battery device will enable peak demand to be met by mitigating the thermal constraints on the incoming feeders MVAh overfirm Area offset Capacity Threshold Adjusted Total MVA 26

27 Storage Design Drivers Storage will be of most value for network upgrade deferral where the upgrade: is costly, complex or time consuming to implement would add significant over-capacity is relieved by a relatively small amount of additional capacity headroom, and/or can be deferred by a reasonable amount of time 27

28 Planning Process Overview Planning consent is required to build on land or change the use of land or buildings: Town and Country Planning Acts of 1947 and 1990 Electricity Act 1989 governs some development Permitted Development determination must be conducted in accordance with the development plan, policy-led rather than influence-led planning consent time scales 28

29 Planning Timeline May 2012 Pre-Planning Advice 25 Oct 2012 EA Advice 7 Nov 2013 Local Consultation 7 June 2013 Planning Granted Ma June 2012 August 2012 October 2012 December 2012 February 2013 April 2013 June July 2012 Pre-Planning Guidance Prepare D & A Statement 8 Feb 2013 Application 27 Mar 2013 Re-submission 29

30 Local Resident Consultation In November 2012 prior to planning submission, a local consultation was carried out 30

31 Learning Points Obtaining planning approval took longer than expected a tight timetable can put pressure on negotiations relating to planning obligations Look closely at what is Permitted Development operational sites can potentially be retained operational Development control within local plan, may designate intended operational land for non-electricity undertaking purpose Planning consents at a site will lock down the external size and design of the building 31

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33 Storage Technology and Building Design Andrew Jones, Managing Director, S&C Electric Europe Ian Cooper, Technology Transfer Engineer, UK Power Networks

34 Storage Technology and Building Design Housing the storage system at Leighton Buzzard Storage supplier and technology Connecting storage to support the network Protecting the network and storage system Lessons learnt so far 34

35 Building design planning constraints Planning constraints building height/appearance designed to be in keeping with the local area building no higher than local housing 35

36 Building design planning and floods Flood zone 3: high probability Building raised by 2m to allow for personnel access 1.34m above 1% risk flood 0.87m above 0.1% risk flood 36

37 Building design Approx 240 tonnes of batteries Point loads from step-up transformers Pilled foundations to cater for ground conditions Precast planks to support loading on raised floor Sealed, bunded, slab to prevent fluid leakage 37

38 Building under construction 24 th February

39 Who are S&C Electric Company? Specialists in electric power switching, protection, and control Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, USA Employee-owned 2700 employees Six global business units S&C Electric Europe Ltd is delivering the project 39

40 S&C Electric energy storage use cases 2 x 1MW System Canada 1MW System Minnesota 1MW System Scotland 4MW System California 2MW System Ohio 2MW System Indiana 1MW System West Virginia 1MW System Missouri 1MW System Australia 1MW System New Mexico 4MW System Texas 2MW System West Virginia 2 x 1MW System North Carolina 1MW System New Mexico 2MW System Ohio 40

41 Why Lithium-Ion? A technology already proven under previous LCNF projects by UK Power Networks Best suited to provide the maximum flexibility to test all potential market revenues Good ageing characteristics Commercially available Different Lithium technologies available 41

42 Why Samsung SDI? Started development in 2000 Largest global Lithium Ion manufacturer Proven quality product Excellent financial standing Experience of commercial projects 42

43 Samsung SDI batteries Technology Lithium Manganese 192 cells connected in series to make strings 264 trays in racks 22 racks connected to each 500kW of SMS Air cooled 43

44 Power Conversion System Indoor solution Modular design in 1MW sections with 2 x 500kW connections at DC Proven design with UK installed energy storage and wind projects Capability for remote monitoring 44

45 Building design internal layout Control room 11kV switchgear Battery room PCS & step-up transformers UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Fire room 45

46 Building design internal layout Logical battery arrangements vertical in series horizontal in parallel Design to overcome manual handling risks Containerised solutions are available if conditions allow 46

47 Fire precautions Multi-level design strategy Fire study identified unlikely that there could be any major impact Battery cell and rack design with multiple features to prevent cause of fire Potential cascade impact evaluated by real fire test no cascade discovered Multi-stage fire suppression design 47

48 Fire Suppression Control panel and Status Unit Vesda Smoke Detector Manual Alarm Call Point Hold Off Button 1 st Stage Alarm Bell 2 nd Stage Alarm Bell Fire Suppression Cylinder 48

49 Cooling requirements battery room Maintain 23 C ± 5 to maximise battery life Fans to remove heat Air conditioning to cool 1850m 3 room 30 air changes per hour 3 x AC Units 49

50 Cooling requirements PCS & transformer room Remove excess heat for work environment and equipment health Variable set point options Fans to remove heat 1750m 3 room expected maximum extracted 22m 3 /s 55 air changes per hour fans to be thermostatically controlled/staged dependant on internal temperature of room 50

51 Team Effort S&C is managing the following team to implement the project Younicos for system integration Samsung SDI batteries Hornbill electrical & equipment installation Thamsgate fire suppression Buro Happold fire modelling West Coast Cooling HVAC 51

52 Leighton Buzzard 33/11kV Typical primary substation design dual 33kV feeders, 33kV isolators, two transformers, 11kV switchboard 52

53 Support during network faults 53

54 Electrical design 1. 11kV switchboard 2. 11kV cabling ESS feeders 3. ESS 11kV switchboard 4. 11kV cabling inverter feeders 5. Step-up transformers 6. LV cabling inverters to transformers 7. PCS / inverter units 8. DC cabling 9. Battery racks 54

55 Electrical protection Solkor Bus zone Balanced earth fault Neutral voltage displacement 55

56 Learning applied from Hemsby Both real and reactive power provide network benefits Round trip and whole system efficiency are required to understand lifetime costs Remote monitoring is key to prevent un-necessary system down-time Operational safety in design no exposed live equipment 56

57 Lessons learnt Storage footprint (capacity per unit area) varies with supplier / system design as well as with technology Storage system integration with the network should not be underestimated. Due to high level of complexity where many items are pre-requisites for each other Early construction team involvement optimise the design for build-ability Multi-disciplinary team needed to deliver final safe solution 57

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59 SNS Smarter Optimisation Control System Paz Mehta Project Delivery Manager, UK Power Networks Dr. Neal Wade Senior Research Associate, Newcastle University Robert Golding IT Architect, UK Power Networks

60 Contents Smarter Optimisation Control System (SOCS) Overview and Approach SOCS Logical Design Forecasting, Optimisation and Scheduling SOCS Physical Design Application, Connectivity and Architecture Question and Answers 60

61 Smarter Optimisation Control System 61

62 SOCS - Approach Bid Requirements Cut Over & Go live Design SOCS Team Training Development Integration & Testing 62

63 Everyday life forecasting and optimisation 63

64 SOCS Logical Design Dr. Neal Wade Senior Research Associate, Newcastle University Forecasting Optimisation Scheduling 64

65 Primary substation peak-shaving requirement 65

66 Learning from Hemsby Storage Project 66

67 Forecasting, Optimisation and Scheduling System (FOSS) Forecasting Service Management Demand Capacity Engine Service Portfolio Energy Storage System Optimisation Algorithms 67

68 Forecasting Requirement: anticipate demand for peak-shaving mode Approach options: Demand forecast Load model Time-series Statistical: analysis of causality Artificial Intelligence: data driven Auto-regression: good at short-term Multiple linear regression: interpretation of main and cross effects 68

69 Selected forecasting method Multiple linear regression, because: transparent calculable causal links manageable update process Y = β 0 + β 1 X 1 + β 2 X β n X n + e X n terms are explanatory variables: historical demand, temperature, wind speed Analysis provides β n terms that give weighting to explanatory variables UK Power Networks. All rights reserved 69

70 Properties of Services and mapping to Modes Several commercial service opportunities exist for SNS STOR (committed and flexible) FFR (dynamic and static) FCDM tolling reactive power support Parameters service window definition power and energy characteristics cost/revenue information UK Power Networks. All rights reserved 70

71 Modes Set-point power (active/reactive) energy Automatic response power (active/ reactive) frequency voltage Triggered PowerOn frequency PowerOn external signal Tolling SOC adjustments Peak-shaving DFFR future SFFR STOR UK Power Networks. All rights reserved 71

72 Service Management and Opportunities Information at 24 week advance 0-11 wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks Wk 00 Demand forecast DNO -PS Wk 12 Wk 24 Demand forecast Demand forecast Wk 36 Demand forecast Wk 00 Tender opportunity DFFR Wk 12 Wk 24 Tender opportunity Tender opportunity Wk 36 Tender opportunity TR19 TR20 TR21 TR / / /15 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S5 S5 S5 S6 S6 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 STOR Wk 00 S3 S4 Wk 12 S4 S5 Wk 24 S6 S1 Wk UK Power Networks. All rights reserved S1 S2 72

73 Approaches to optimisation Scheduling problem is characterised by: a need to make control decisions at discrete points uncertainty in the cost and benefit of decisions opportunities changing with time Method of Dynamic Programming fits with this situation. Sub-optimal approximations to a full analytic solution are widely used: rollout algorithms certainty equivalent controllers limited look-ahead policies UK Power Networks. All rights reserved 73

74 Limited Look-Ahead Policy Exhaustively evaluates the consequences of following alternative control choices across a series of decision points For SNS this means that: decisions are made as to which services to combine each service combination branch is evaluated power and energy availability is tracked though-out In the example branching for the following is shown: existing schedule, peak-shaving, services (x2), value/cost calculations and state-of-charge adjustments UK Power Networks. All rights reserved 74

75 Sequence decision process UK Power Networks. All rights reserved 75

76 Further features The service calendar is mapped to output modes. This allows extensibility because new services can be mapped to existing modes The service calendar requires acceptance at key points by UKPN and 3 rd parties. Services can therefore be treated as provisional or confirmed A process to release booked calendar slots is implemented, e.g. due to service rejection from 3 rd party, or change in demand forecast UK Power Networks. All rights reserved 76

77 SOCS Physical Design Robert Golding IT Architect, UK Power Networks Application Connectivity Architecture UK Power Networks. All rights reserved 77

78 Technical Architecture Explain the technical architecture of SOCS How we arrived at the final solution. Determined by: new IT components required for SOCS integration within existing UK Power Networks Infrastructure Plenty of Acronyms! Partners UK Power Networks. All rights reserved 78

79 SNS Application Architecture FOSS = Forecasting, Optimisation & Scheduling System Met Office FOSS Demand Forecasting Service Portfolio Management Optimisation Battery Manager FOSS Client FOSS database KOMP = KiWi Operational Management Platform Real-Time Control DataWarehouse ENMAC HMI ENMAC FEP PI database PI SCADA Client PI KiWi KOMP Control Room Local Network SCADA / RTU BESSM = Battery Energy Storage System Management ESS ESS = Energy Storage System BESSM HMI BESSM SCADA BESSM Control BESSM Battery Control BESDM = Battery Energy Storage Device Management BESDM BESDM SMS = Storage Management System SMS HMI SMS BMS SMS/BMS BMS = Battery Management System 79

80 BESSM SCADA Control 80

81 SNS SOCS connectivity Met Office Amt Sybex KOMP (KiWi) Younicos S&C External Firewall ESB Host Data Centre FOSS DB FOSS AS PI UKPN Control ENMAC Corporate VRF Control VRF Project Office SMC Main Firewall Control Room Leighton Buzzard RTU SCADA VRF BESSM Control BESSM SCADA Future Networks VRF CCTV BESDM Alarms HVAC BMS SMS Corporate VRF 81

82 SOCS High Level Technical Architecture BESSM Support (Unicos) FOSS Support (AMT) Met Office Smartest Energy Kiwi Power SMS Support (S&C) Internet UKPN Data Centre DC#1 DC#2 Project Office External firewall Battery Manager IBM Integration Bus IBM Integration Bus UKPN Control Centre Security & HVAC monitoring PI Historian Corporate VRF Internal firewall FOSS Main FOSS UAT SMC Control Room Engineer ENMAC/PowerOn Front End Processors SCADA VRF Future Networks VRF Superfast Broadband 10M Ethernet LB Primary T1 Leighton Buzzard Primary X Leighton Buzzard Existing Sub-Station Sarian RTU X X X 33kV 33kV X X Incomer CB 1 X Bus Section CB Outgoing Cables / 11kV Feeders Leighton Buzzard SNS Building LB Primary T2 X Leighton Buzzard SNS feeder CB ESS BESSM SMS HMI BESSM HMI Security & HVAC monitoring 1 Leighton Buzzard Primary Switchboard X New telemetered point 2 11kV Cabling ESS Feeder 3 4 Internal 11kV Cabling Inverter Feeders 5 ESS HV Panel Step-Up Transformers 6 Inverter Transformer LV Cabling 7 PCS / Inverters / SMS Units 8 DC Cabling X Leighton Buzzard Primary Incomer 11kV CB 11kV PCS 01 CB X X 11kV PCS 02 CB 11kV PCS 03 CB X 11kV PCS 04 CB PCS T1 PCS T2 PCS T3 BESDM BMS SMS Currently telemetered point 9 Battery Racks 82

83 SOCS Acronym Quiz SOCS FOSS ESS BESSM BESDM SMS BMS KOMP = Scheduling, Optimisation & Control System = Forecasting, Optimisation & Scheduling System = Energy Storage System = Battery Energy Storage System Management = Battery Energy Storage Device Management = Storage Management System = Battery Management System = KiWi Operational Management Platform 83

84 SOCS Summary Paz Mehta Project Delivery Manager, UK Power Networks Next steps Q&A 84

85 SOCS Next Steps Requirement definitions and design completed Software development started FOSS (AMT-Sybex) ESS (S&C, Younicos) Enmac, RTU & PI (UKPN) IT infrastructure communications network infrastructure and security servers, RTU and ESB messaging establish messaging infrastructure and connectivity Testing and ready for trials 85

86 Smarter Network Storage Looking Ahead Martin Wilcox, Head of Future Networks

87 SNS Upcoming milestones Storage Commissioned Oct 2014 Full assessments of regulatory & legal arrangements Sept 2015 Final report Dec 2016 Q1 Q Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Design Build Installation Trial Application & Service trials Commercial & Regulatory assessments Training & asset management methodologies documented May 2015 Full assessment of storage value streams Mar

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