Fuel efficiency at the Lufthansa Group Cutting costs and protecting the environment

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1 Fuel efficiency t the Lufthns Group Cutting costs nd protecting the environment Using fuel s efficiently s possible in flight opertions is one of the centrl objectives of the Lufthns Group. The ctivities in this re interlink ecologicl nd economic necessities: The more the irline reduces its kerosene consumption, the greter the positive environmentl effects nd the cost svings. The vition industry hs tken on big job in terms of climte protection nd set itself mbitious gols. It plns to improve verge fuel efficiency by 1.5 percent per yer up to 2020 nd thus to slow down the increse in CO 2 emissions ccordingly. From 2020, CO 2 -neutrl growth should then be chieved. In the long term, vition s net CO 2 emissions re to be reduced by hlf by 2050, compred with The bsis for relizing climte-neutrl growth by 2020 is the industry s estblished four-pillr strtegy, which interlinks n rry of diverse environmentl mesures (see illustrtion on pge 71). Its scope comprises technicl progress, improved infrstructure, opertionl mesures nd economic mesures. Reducing emissions in sync The UN vition orgniztion ICAO nd the world irline ssocition IATA re committed to mbitious gols for reducing CO 2 emissions. Trget percent CO 2 Project Fuel Efficiency Progress nd ctivities 2011 In October 2009, Lufthns Germn Airlines lunched the project Fuel Efficiency in n effort to reduce kerosene consumption in flight opertions nd thus to lower costs sustinbly in times of continuously incresing fuel prices. Fuel efficiency is very importnt prt of our strtegy, emphsizes Jürgen Strck, Project Mnger Fuel Efficiency t Deutsche Lufthns AG until the end of Mrch The rtio specific fuel consumption ws the first non-monetry vrible to be included in the process of operting Group plnning, fct tht underlines the importnce of fuel efficiency s n issue. Lufthns Germn Airlines In 2011, Lufthns Germn Airlines chiefly concentrted on reducing the weight of its ircrft further, dvncing mesures relted to ir trffic control in coopertion with DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung nd Eurocontrol, nd optimizing procedures in flight opertions. In ddition, certin technicl mesures nd dpttions in the re network / ground yielded further fuel svings. Reducing ircrft weight For exmple, following comprehensive test runs, Lufthns Germn Airlines in coopertion with Lufthns Crgo will use lightweight continer tht sves 14 kilos per unit when compred with previous models (see sections on Lufthns Crgo in this rticle). Another 230 kilos cn be sved on Airbus A s by removing extr tnks tht re not needed for the route distnces flown by Lufthns. In ddition, the removl of n unused towing fitting on the nose ger of the A reduces the ircrft s weight further. One kilo less on ll ircrft of Lufthns Germn Airlines sves 30 tonnes of kerosene per yer, ccording to the ltest clcultions. Climte nd Environmentl Responsibility Blnce 2012

2 Four pillrs for climte protection 1. Technologicl progress 2. Improved infrstructure 3. Opertionl mesures 4. Economic mesures Innovtion in ircrft nd engine technologies Alterntive fuels Improved use of irspce Airport infrstructures dpted to needs More efficient ircrft sizes Optiml flight routes nd speeds Optimized processes on the ground A globl, sensibly designed, mrket-bsed system for reducing emissions to complement the other three pillrs Network / Ground On the ground, Lufthns lwys ims t voiding long txiing times during phses with high trffic volumes. For exmple, in coordintion with network mngement, the compny brought forwrd its flight from Phildelphi to Frnkfurt by 45 minutes to shorten the txiing time. The pyoff: the engine running time on the ground ws shortened by 18 minutes. Flight opertions / Air trffic mngement In the Gulf region, on the routes Riydh to Doh nd Riydh to Musct, Lufthns pilots cn now request new nd up to 15 minutes shorter routings nd thus sve up to 2 tonnes of fuel per flight. Between Hmburg nd Munich, the removl of certin ltitude restrictions by DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung mens tht flights cn now be operted higher nd fuel cn thus be conserved. In close coopertion with DFS, Lufthns CityLine hs lso optimized its flight routings nd now includes prtly restricted res in its flight plnning. Fuel Reporter provides n overview Furthermore, Lufthns hs developed Fuel Reporter, softwre tht nlyzes the influences of different prmeters on fuel consumption nd utomticlly genertes relevnt rtios nd reports. In this wy, long-term stndrd is pplied for dt, formuls nd reports. The progrm uses dt from flight opertions tht previously hd to be collted mnully. It sves time nd llows more detiled, more frequent nlyses. This ppliction mkes it possible to obtin importnt dt t glnce. Another dvntge of Fuel Reporter is tht trends in fuel consumption nd the prmeters tht influence it cn be detected erly on enbling the experts to rect more quickly. In ddition, they cn trck the effects of newly introduced conservtion mesures more redily. Currently, Lufthns Germn Airlines nd the regionl irlines re lredy working with Fuel Reporter. Other Group irlines re plnning to introduce the softwre. Technicl optimiztions At the technicl level, for exmple, smll but effective chnges on the Boeing 737 s lnding flps led to improved erodynmics. As result, fuel cn be conserved during flight s climbing nd cruising phses. Lufthns hs fully refitted two ircrft s prt of tril to obtin reference dt. The optimiztion of flight routings is one of mny mesures in the re of Fuel Efficiency. Blnce 2012 Climte nd Environmentl Responsibility

3 SWISS SWISS lredy opertes one of the most fuelefficient fleets in the industry. Independently of tht fct, the experts t this Lufthns Group compny continue to identify nd relize further kerosene conservtion potentils. For exmple, SWISS pilots re encourged to exit the runwy fter lnding with only one engine running whenever the sitution llows. This single engine txiing helps void n estimted 1,500 tonnes of CO 2 per yer. Beyond tht, ll of the irline s pilots received the brochure Best Prctice in Fuel Mngement. In the frmework of the Single Europen Sky ATM Reserch Progrm (SESAR), SWISS developed new pproch procedure in coopertion with the ir trffic control uthority Skyguide nd Flughfen Zürich AG t Zurich Airport. Clled Greener Wve, it helps mnge more effectively the first flight bnk in the erly morning hours. The ssigning of defined time slots hs replced the previously used principle of first to rrive, first to lnd. The flights optimized nd the holding ptterns verted in this mnner men tht emissions of up to 1,800 tonnes of CO 2 per yer cn be voided. A video bout the new pproch procedure Greener Wve is vilble t SWISS WorldCrgo, the freight division of SWISS, will lso replce its luminum continers with lighter version by The weight reduction relized in this mnner lowers not only costs but lso fuel consumption nd emissions. Austrin Airlines In 2011, Austrin Airlines lso implemented numerous mesures to reduce the weight bord its ircrft. This included the instlltion of new, lighter sets on the ircrft of its Airbus A320 nd Boeing 737 fleets. As result, the weight per set declined by 1.5 to 5 kilos nd the nnul fuel consumption by 1,650 tonnes of kerosene. The irline hs chieved further weight reduction by reducing the fuel reserves for ech flight to n pproprite level. And on long-hul routes, optimum loding of ircrft helps conserve kerosene. Lufthns Systems More entertinment, less weight Lufthns Systems sets new stndrd with its wireless in-flight entertinment solution (IFE) BordConnect. Designed s intrnet bord the ircrft, the new solution uses rdio network in ccordnce with the estblished WiFi stndrd to replce the costly, weighty wiring of ech individul set. Its key elements re server nd severl ccess points throughout the cbin. Pssengers ccess the server s contents vi their own lptops, smrtphones nd tblet PCs. Alterntives re WiFi-bsed fitted screens or mobile devices tht the irlines provide for their pssengers. Avoiding mny kilometers of cbling nd other types of equipment implies significnt weight reduction. In the cse of n Airbus A with 380 sets, this mounts to bout 900 kilos, which corresponds to fuel svings of 47 tonnes per ircrft nd yer. The svings becomes even bigger when no screens re instlled in the set bcks of certin subfleets. Airlines lso void significnt instlltion nd mintennce costs, nd they benefit from the dded revenue potentil of electronic sles onbord. This mkes Bord- Connect clssic exmple of how ecologicl nd economic interests cn be meningfully interlinked. Electronic Flight Bgs ese environmentl burdens More nd more irlines worldwide re introducing Electronic Flight Bgs (EFB). These electronic pilot s cses lrgely replce printed route mps, briefing documents nd technicl mnuls in the cockpit. With Lido/FlightBg Lufthns Systems offers one of the leding EFB solutions in the mrket. EFBs offer number of importnt dvntges: By voiding hevy mnuls, they sve irlines weight nd thus fuel in everydy opertions. They re up-to-dte t ll times becuse they re lwys fed with the ltest dt before tkeoff. Most importntly, they do wy with the need for the regulr printing nd distributing of pper documents to ech ircrft in the fleet. In this wy, pper consumption is lso significntly reduced. Furthermore, Austrin Airlines hd winglets instlled t the wingtips of its Boeing 767s. This step lone helps void 8,800 tonnes of CO 2 emissions per yer. Climte nd Environmentl Responsibility Blnce 2012

4 Lufthns Crgo Lufthns Crgo hs introduced its own internl Fuel Efficiency progrm, comprising 52 points to reduce the Crgo fleet s kerosene consumption. Even before n ircrft tkes off, the most diverse mesures tke plce on the ground to help sve fuel. This includes regulr engine wshes nd ircrft loding tht tkes into ccount the optimum center of grvity. The ltest wether dt nd mps lso fcilitte fuel mngement s well s the plnning of optimized flight procedures, vrible speeds nd ltitudes. In ddition, Lufthns Crgo hs tightened the control of ircrft weight in the frmework of Weight Wtchers progrm. For exmple, the irline opertes four MD-11Fs tht were converted from pssenger to freight ircrft some time go. The compny recently removed the telephone equipment tht is no longer needed on these freighters. Merely tking telephone receiver weighing 350 grms off the ircrft yields totl svings of 3.5 tonnes of kerosene per yer. This exmple shows how quickly grms cn turn into tonnes, given bout 15,000 to 16,000 flights per yer, sys Wolfgng Rebiger, Director of Flight Opertions t Lufthns Crgo AG. Wter reserves reduced Furthermore, Lufthns Crgo reduced the previously mple wter reserves of the onbord toilet by 80 percent, which mens tht the engines of the crgo fleet now burn bout 1,300 fewer tonnes of kerosene per yer. Similrly, the extr fuel reserves ordered by the pilots were significntly reduced compred with 2005, from previously 2.7 tonnes per flight on verge to currently 1.4 tonnes. An nlysis of consumption dt from 2009 to 2010 showed tht 97.2 percent of ll crgo flights reched their destintions without using drop of extr fuel. In the finl nlysis, pilots need to use their own judgment concerning the quntities of extr fuel for specific flight. Sfety hs the unequivocl priority here, emphsizes Wolfgng Rebiger. 19 percent. Comprehensive tests between 2008 nd 2011 lso showed tht the use of these lterntive mterils entils fewer repirs. Clculted to the movements of ll Lufthns ircrft, replcing the continer fleet will result in totl svings of bout 2,180 tonnes of kerosene nd thus bout 6,800 tonnes of CO 2 per yer. Once this switch is ccomplished, Lufthns nd the other Group compnies will together operte one of the world s lrgest lightweight continer fleets. More efficient engines nd erodynmic wings In the ir, developments such s more efficient engines, erodynmic wings, nnotechnology in ircrft pint nd new composite mterils help ensure tht the ircrft of Lufthns Crgo consume s little kerosene s possible. At the sme time, the pilots of the ir freight service provider lern kerosene-conserving flying s erly s during their initil trining. These techniques include the Continuous Descent Approch (CDA), which mens continuously decresing ltitude flown t reduced engine thrust. The pilots cn lso reduce fuel consumption by the optimized use of flp settings during pproch nd the intelligent deployment of thrust reversl. The new lightweight continer of Jettiner GmbH, subsidiry of Lufthns Crgo In ddition, by 2015 Lufthns Crgo will replce 5,000 of the currently used stndrd luminum continers, weighing 80 kilos piece, with lighter continers feturing side wlls tht re prtly mde of honeycombed polypropylene. The weight svings of these lower-deck continers, which re used to trnsport pssenger bggge nd freight shipments, comes to lmost Blnce 2012 Climte nd Environmentl Responsibility

5 Environmentl mesures: Efficient t ll levels The compnies of the Lufthns Group strive continuously to reduce the environmentl effects of their business ctivities. Through the exmple of Lufthns Crgo, the following infogrphic shows the highly complex nd diverse ctivities nd the mny svings chieved to stedily improve the environmentl blnce sheet in the ir nd on the ground. On the ground Lightweight continers Optimized fuel consumption CO 2 /p.. 6,800 t Engine wsh Kerosene 0.75 % During the flight Fuel mngement Due to vrious restrictions it is often impossible to pln the shortest possible pths s flight routes. En route, however, the pilots cn negotite shortcuts with ir trffic controllers nd thus sve kerosene. Flight ltitude / Aerodynmic drg Lufthns Crgo pilots constntly optimize the verticl flight profile in collbortion with ir trffic control in order to utilize fvorble winds nd reduce erodynmic drg. Weight nd blnce Lufthns Crgo experts on the ground ensure tht the freighters re loded in exctly such wy tht they hve n optiml center of grvity nd thus sve kerosene in flight. Kerosene kg per pproch CDA Instrument Lnding System (ILS) Continuous Descent Approch (CDA) This glide slope pproch enbles reduced engine power, thus lowering kerosene consumption nd CO 2 emissions. Flp position nd thrust reversl Through optimized flp positioning the pilots cn sve kerosene during pproch, nd the meningful use of thrust reversl dditionlly reduces fuel consumption. Less pper cockpit, Lufthns Crgo project for weight optimiztion Winglets lower kerosene consumption during flight, Efficient, quiet engines Source: Lufthns Crgo AG Climte nd Environmentl Responsibility Blnce 2012