Işın Demirşahin, İhsan Yalçınkaya and Deniz Zeyrek Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

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1 Işın Demirşahin, İhsan Yalçınkaya and Deniz Zeyrek Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

2 Turkish Discourse Bank (TDB) word subcorpus of Metu Turkish Corpus (Say et al., 2002) Annotated for discourse relafons in the style of Penn Discourse Tree Bank (Prasad et al., 2008) Discourse connecfves Arguments > Abstract objects (Asher, 1993) 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 2

3 Turkish Discourse Bank (TDB) Discourse AnnotaFon Tool for Turkish (Aktaş, et al., 2010) Version 1.0: 147 connecfves, 8482 relafons hzp://medid.ii.metu.edu.tr 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 3

4 AnnotaEon Procedure in the TDB Independent AnnotaFon Search for tokens Eliminate non discourse connecfves Annotate spans (Conn, Arg1, Arg2, Mod, Shared, Supps) 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 4

5 IniEal AnnotaEon Procedure in the TDB Agreement procedure LocaFng disagreements Group discussion AdjudicaFon 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 7

6 IniEal AnnotaEon Procedure in the TDB AnnotaFon guidelines Independent annotafons Agreement procedure ModificaFon of guidelines Proof procedure Gold Standard 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 8

7 Common Divergences among Independent AnnotaEons Physical errors Word boundaries Spaces and punctuafon Pairs of punctuafon marks Gidelim dedim, ama dışarıdan yeni sesler geldi. Let s go I said, but new voices came from outside. Başka kimse olmadığından iki kadının da yüzü açık,. Since there was no one else, the faces of both women were unveiled. 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 9

8 Common Divergences among Independent AnnotaEons Ambiguous cases Same relafon, with some differences Different relafons Salt gülmek için gelmişlerdi. They came to just laugh. [Salt] gülmek için gelmişlerdi. They came [only] to laugh. Usumi için ilk tören, Türkiye Gazeteciler CemiyeG (TGC) önünde düzenlendi. TGC Başkanı Orhan Erinç, konuşmasında Usumi'nin yokluğunu hissedeceklerini vurguladı. Usumi'nin cenazesi [daha] sonra Sultanahmet Camii'ne götürüldü. The first ceremony for Usumi was arranged in front of the AssociaGon of the Journalists of Turkey (TGC). Orhan Erinç, the chairman the TGC, emphasized that Usumi would be missed. Then, the Usumi s funeral was moved to the Sultan Ahmed Mosque. 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 10

9 Common Divergences among Independent AnnotaEons Missing/invalid annotafons Simple overlook Disagreement about the discourse funcfon Yarın demedim, ancak hafa başına hazır olur. I didn t say it would be tomorrow, it won t be ready unfl the first day of the week. I didn t say it would be tomorrow, but it will be ready on the first day of the week. Not D Conn D Conn Kızın saçları siyah ve kıvırcıku. The girl s hair was black and curly. 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 11

10 Pair Programming Two programmers work as one (Williams, et al, 2000) Driver Navigator Joint ownership Credit Responsibility The roles are switched periodically 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 12

11 Pair Programming PROS More efficient use of coding hours Increased performance (Pair Jelling) Decreased communicafon Fme between units Faster producfon CONS Increased programming hours (15% 60%) Increased man hours 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 13

12 Pair AnnotaEon and Pair Programming SimilariFes The driver and the navigator Switching roles Difference: Mixed approach One independent annotator One pair of annotators 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 14

13 Observed Benefits of Pair AnnotaEon Higher inter annotator agreement Less physical errors Faster annotafon of ambiguous cases Increased discussion during annotafon > decreased discussion during agreement UFlizaFon of notes field Increased mofvafon 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 15

14 Agreement StaEsEcs Independent annotafon vs. Pair annotafon ConnecEve IA Arg1 PA Arg1 IA Arg2 PA Arg2 ama but sonra afer, later ve and ya da or Pair wise averaged K for 3 individual annotators in IA individual against individual VS K for pair vs. individual in PA 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 16

15 Agreement StaEsEcs Individual annotator vs Pair annotator ConnecEve Ind Arg1 Pair Arg1 Ind Arg2 Pair Arg2 aslında actually halde despite nedeniyle because of nedenle for this reason ötürü due to yüzden because of this Individual annotator vs. gold standard K VS Pair annotator vs. gold standard K 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 17

16 Issues in Pair AnnotaEon Less sets of independent annotafons Concern about navigator s contribufons Switching roles Periodical feedback Biased annotafons Keeping record of inifal intuifons and disagreement within pair Biased agreement process TreaFng the pair as a single enfty All solufons are project specific 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 18

17 Pair AnnotaEon PROS Significant increase of inter annotator agreements Significant increase of annotator vs gold standard agreements Faster agreement process CONS Possibility that the pair s annotafon could be biased Possibility that the pair could dominate the agreement process One less set of annotafons 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 19

18 Future Work QuanFtaFve evaluafon of the increase in annotafon hours Inter annotator agreement with different pairs Inter annotator agreement between two pairs of annotators. 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 20

19 Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Turkish ScienFfic and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and METU ScienFfic Research Fund (no. BAP ) while developing the Turkish Discourse Bank. We thank the Asian FederaFon of Natural Language Processing (AFNLP) and the NaFonal Science FoundaFon (NSF) for supporfng Işın Demirşahin with student grants for travel, registrafon and accommodafon. 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 21

20 References Nicholas Asher Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Berfin Aktaş, Cem Bozşahin, Deniz Zeyrek Discourse RelaFon ConfiguraFons in Turkish and an AnnotaFon Environment. LAW IV The Fourth LinguisGc AnnotaGon Workshop. Uppsala, Sweden, July Kent Back Extreme Programming Explained: Embrass Change. Addison Wesley Longman, Reading, Mass. Frederick, P. J. Brooks The Mythical Man Month. Addison Wesley, Reading, Mass. Tom DeMarco and Timothy Lister Peopleware. Dorset House, New York. Eleni Miltsakaki, Rashmi Prasad, Aravind Joshi, Bonnie Webber AnnotaFng Discourse ConnecFves and Their Arguments. HLT/NAACL Workshop on FronGers in Corpus AnnotaGon. Boston, MA. May Beata Beigman Klebanov and Eyal Beigman From Annotator Agreement to Noise Models. ComputaGonal LinguisGcs, 34(3): Rashmi Prasad, Nikhil Dinesh, Alan Lee, Eleni Miltsakaki, Livio Robaldo, Aravind Joshi, Bonnie Webber The Penn Discourse Treebank 2.0. LREC 08 The sixth internagonal conference on Language Resources and EvaluaGon. Marrakech, Morocco, May Dennis Reidsma and Jean CarleZa Reliability measurement without limit. ComputaGonal LinguisGcs, 34(3): Bilge Say and Deniz Zeyrek and Kemal Oflazer and Umut Ozge Development of a Corpus and a Treebank for Present day WriZen Turkish. ICTL th InternaGonal Conference on Turkish LinguisGcs. Famagusta, TRNC, August Laurie Williams, Robert R. Kessler, Ward Cunningham, Ron Jeffries Strengthening the Case for Pair Programming. IEEE Sohware, July/August 2000: Laurie Williams and Robert R. Kessler All I Really Need to Know about Pair Programming I Learned In Kindergarten, CommunicaGons of the ACM, 43(5): Laurie Williams and Robert R. Kessler Pair Programming Illuminated. Addison Wesley, Reading, MassachuseZs. Deniz Zeyrek, Işın Demirşahin, Ayışığı Sevdik Çallı, Hale Ögel Balaban, İhsan Yalçınkaya and Ümit Deniz Turan The AnnotaFon Scheme of the Turkish Discourse Bank and an EvaluaFon of Inconsistent AnnotaFons. LAW IV The Fourth LinguisGc AnnotaGon Workshop Uppsala, Sweden, July /12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop 22

21 AddiEonal Reference Yalçınkaya, İhsan An Inter Annotator Agreement Methodology for the Turkish Discourse Bank. Unpublished MS Thesis, Middle East Technical University. 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop i

22 IniEal AnnotaEon Procedure in the TDB One search token > MulFple connecfves Halde DIğI halde although, despite o halde then, in that case şu halde in the current situafon, in this specific case aksi halde, otherwise bir halde in such a manner that 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop ii

23 IniEal AnnotaEon Procedure in the TDB Doğu Beyazıt'da gecelediğimiz halde bir dünya şaheseri olan İshak Paşa medresesini göremeden Ankara'ya döndük. Although we spent the night in Doğu Beyazıt, we returned to Ankara without seeing the İshak Paşa Medresseh, which is a masterpiece. Feyzi Bey böyle bir durumda mebusluktan isgfa edeceğini, aksi halde [de] Falih Rı`ı Bey'in isefa etmesi gerekeğini belirtmiş. Mr. Fevzi stated that in such a situagon he would resign from parliament membership, otherwise Mr. Falih Rı`ı would have to resign. O gün akşama kadar ne yapacağımı bilmez bir halde dolaş}m evin içinde. I walked around the house Fll evening that day, not knowing what to do. Not annotated! 7/12/12 6th LinguisFc AnnotaFon Workshop iii

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