OREGON UNIFORM CIVIL JURY INSTRUCTIONS

Transcription

1 OREGON UNIFORM CIVIL JURY INSTRUCTIONS 2009 SUPPLEMENT Prepared by Oregon State Bar Committee on Uniform Civil Jury Instructions

2 2009 UNIFORM CIVIL JURY INSTRUCTIONS COMMITTEE Katherine Heekin, Chairperson Kathleen Hansa Rastetter, Secretary Steven C. Burke Brian D. Cox Billie J. Eidson Barry Goehler Michael Hanifin Frederick H. Lundblade III Tracy McGovern Laura Montgomery Cynthia Furrer Newton Hon. Susie Norby Christopher R. Piekarski Hon. Thomas M. Ryan Timothy L. Williams If you discover an error in the civil jury instructions or if you have a suggestion for a new jury instruction, please contact Linda Kruschke, UCJI Committee Liaison, by telephone at , ext. 415 (toll-free in Oregon , ext. 415), or by at lkruschke@osbar.org. These instructions may be cited as: UCJI No by the Oregon State Bar Printed in the United States of America

3 Summary of 2009 Changes NOTE: This page provides a short explanation of the Committee s 2009 changes to the Uniform Civil Jury Instructions. You may wish to save it for future reference. UCJI No UCJI No UCJI No A UCJI Nos UCJI No UCJI No UCJI No UCJI Nos UCJI No This instruction was revised to add the available standards of proof. This Assault instruction was revised for plainer language and to be consistent with the form of new UCJI No A, Battery. This new instruction states the elements a plaintiff must prove in a claim for battery. These new instructions state the conditions under which a person is an actual or apparent agent in the hospital context in a medical malpractice claim. This instruction was revised to provide a cross reference to new UCJI No , Damages for Lost Profits. This instruction was revised to clarify in the introductory clause that the jury must first find that a party was at fault or negligent before assessing damages. A comment was added to this withdrawn instruction to cross reference new UCJI No , Noneconomic Damages When Required. These instructions were revised to more accurately reflect the law of damages related to the loss or destruction of personal property, loss of use, and lost profits. This new instruction is a postverdict instruction for limited cases in which the jury awards some economic damages but no noneconomic damages.

4 UCJI No UCJI Nos , 75.02A 75.02B UCJI No UCJI Nos and UCJI No UCJI Nos A The comment to this instruction was revised to provide additional explanation of the doctrines of mitigation and avoidable consequences. The comments to these instructions were revised to reflect the final installment in Williams v. Philip Morris. This new instruction provides the measure of damages for lost profits arising from wrongful conduct or breach of contract. These instructions were revised to comply with statutory changes. This instruction was revised to provide a plain language definition of good faith and to add a case citation to the comment. These verdict forms were revised to split the questions of fault and causation in response to case law, and for plainer language.

5 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS Oregon Jury Instructions for Civil Cases USERS GUIDE... (11/08) CAUTIONARY 5. GENERAL CAUTIONARY INSTRUCTIONS Introduction (11/08) Precautionary Instructions (11/08) Use of an Interpreter (12/07) Functions of the Court and Jury (12/05) GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 10. EVIDENCE WEIGHT WITNESSES Consider All the Evidence (12/05) Presumptions (12/05) Evaluating Witness Testimony (12/05) Witness False in Part (12/05) Physical Facts (12/05) Expert Witness (12/05) Hypothetical Questions (12/05) Circumstantial Evidence (12/05) 11. ADMISSIONS Oral Admissions (12/05) 12. FAILURE TO PRODUCE OR TESTIFY Less Satisfactory Evidence (12/05) 13. ISSUES IN THE CASE Pleadings and Issues (12/05) Summary of Pleadings Not Evidence (12/05) Prior Pleading as Evidence (12/05) Withdrawal of Issues (12/05) 14. BURDEN OF PROOF Burden of Proof () 1

6 Preponderance of the Evidence (11/08) Clear and Convincing (11/08) 15. ADMITTED LIABILITY Admitted Liability Without Comparative Negligence (12/05) Fault/Negligence Admitted Injury Denied (12/05) 16. ABILITY TO PAY Ability to Pay (12/07) 17. STATUTES OF LIMITATIONS Statute of Limitations Defense (Discovery Rule) (12/05) Statute of Limitations Defense (Products Liability) (In Claims Involving Death, Personal Injuries, or Property Damage that Occurred Before January 1, 2004, and to Which the Revival Provisions of ORS , as amended by 2003 Or Laws ch 768, 2(1), Do Not Apply) (12/05) Statute of Limitations Defense (Products Liability) (In Claims Involving Death, Personal Injuries, or Property Damage that Occurred on or After January 1, 2004) (12/05) NEGLIGENCE, FORESEEABILITY, COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE, AND CAUSATION 20. NEGLIGENCE AND ORDINARY CARE Fault/Negligence and Causation (12/05) Common-Law Negligence (12/05) Negligence Per Se (12/05) Statute, Rule, or Standard as Evidence Whether (Defendant/Plaintiff) Met Standard of Care (Negligence) (12/05) Right to Assume Law Obeyed (12/05) Foreseeability (12/05) Liability for Subsequent Conduct of Third Party (12/05) Emergency (WITHDRAWN) (11/08) 2

7 21. COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE Comparative Negligence (12/05) Comparative Fault/Negligence (12/06) Comparative Fault Two or More Defendants (Applies Only to Claims Arising Before September 9, 1995) (12/05) Comparative Negligence Two or More Persons Potentially at Fault (In Claims Arising on or After September 9, 1995) (12/05) Evidence of Settlement (12/06) Conduct of Nonparties Comparative Fault Not at Issue (12/05) 22. SPECIFIC FACTORS AFFECTING NEGLIGENCE AND COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE Intoxication (12/05) Riding with Intoxicated Driver Negligence (12/05) Negligence Passenger (12/05) Negligence of Minors (12/05) Standard of Care of Persons with Physical Impairment (12/05) Concurrent Negligence of Two or More Persons (12/05) 23. CAUSATION Causation (Cause Defined) (12/05) Multiple Causation (12/05) Criminal Conduct as a Defense (In Claims Arising on or After September 27, 1987) (12/05) 24. RES IPSA LOQUITUR Res Ipsa Loquitur (12/05) AGENCY 30. AGENCY Fault/Negligence of Employee/Agent Imputed to Employer/Principal (12/05) Negligence of Agent Imputed to Principal (12/05) Corporation Acts Through Agents (12/07) 3

8 Principal Defined (12/07) Actual Agent A (12/07) Actual Authority B (12/07) Apparent Agent C (12/07) Apparent Authority D (12/07) Scope of Authority E (12/07) Family Purpose Doctrine (12/05) MOTOR VEHICLES 35. RULE OF THE ROAD Basic Speed Rule (12/06) Designated Speeds (12/06) Common-Law Control (12/05) Lookout (12/05) Following Too Closely (12/06) Driver s Turn Signals (12/05) Driver s Stop Signals (12/05) Right-of-Way (12/05) Right-of-Way Uncontrolled Intersection (12/05) Right-of-Way Intersection Controlled by Stop Signs (12/05) Right-of-Way Intersection Controlled by Yield Signs (12/05) Right-of-Way Intersection Controlled by Traffic Lights (12/05) Right-of-Way Merging Lanes of Arterial Highway (12/05) Right-of-Way Qualifications (12/05) 36. GUEST PASSENGER, JOINT ENTERPRISE Negligence Not Imputed to Passenger in Automobile (12/05) Guest Passenger Aircraft, Watercraft (12/05) Definition of Guest Aircraft, Watercraft (12/05) 4

9 Statutory Definition of Payment by Passenger (12/05) Statutory Definition of Gross Negligence (12/05) MISCELLANEOUS TORTS 40. INTENTIONAL TORTS Assault () Battery A () Intentional Infliction of Severe Emotional Distress (12/05) Severe Emotional Distress Defined (12/05) Intentional Interference with Economic or Prospective Economic Relations (12/05) 41. MALICIOUS PROSECUTION Malicious Prosecution (of a Criminal Proceeding) (12/05) Wrongful Use of Civil Proceedings (12/05) Probable Cause Advice of Counsel (12/05) Probable Cause Hypothetical (12/05) Initiate or Cause Prosecution Definition (12/05) 42. FRAUD Fraudulent Misrepresentation/Deceit/Fraud General (12/05) Fraudulent Misrepresentation Material (12/05) Fraudulent Misrepresentation False Representation Failure to Disclose (Special Relationship) (12/05) Fraudulent Misrepresentation False Representation Half-Truth (12/05) Fraudulent Misrepresentation False Representation Concealment (12/05) Fraudulent Misrepresentation Reasonable Reliance (12/05) Fraudulent Misrepresentation Statement of Opinion (12/05) 5

10 Fraudulent Misrepresentation Representations Made to Persons Other than Plaintiff (12/05) Fraudulent Misrepresentation Promise of Future Performance (12/05) Fraudulent Misrepresentation Burden of Persuasion (12/05) Fraudulent Misrepresentation Burden of Persuasion Damages (12/05) 43. UNLAWFUL TRADE PRACTICES Unlawful Trade Practice (12/05) Unlawful Trade Practices Act Damages (Ascertainable Loss) (12/05) Willful Violation of Oregon Unlawful Trade Practices Act (12/05) 44. MEDICAL MALPRACTICE Duty of Medical Professional (12/05) Duty of Specialist (12/05) Professional Perfection Not Required (12/05) Informed Consent (12/05) Emergency Treatment or Operation (12/05) Agency Hospital Context Actual Agent () Agency Hospital Context Apparent Agent () 45. LEGAL MALPRACTICE Duty of an Attorney (12/05) Causation Legal (12/05) 46. PREMISES LIABILITY Definition of Premises (12/05) Definition of Possessor of Premises (12/05) Definition of Trespasser (12/05) Possessor s Duty to Trespasser (12/05) Definition of Licensee (12/05) Possessor s Duty to Licensee Conditions on Land (12/05) 6

11 Possessor s Duty to Licensee Activities on Land (12/05) Definition of Invitee (12/05) Possessor s Duty to Invitee (12/05) Comparative Negligence (Invitee) (12/05) Attractive Nuisance (12/05) Invitee Foreign Substance Business Property (12/05) 47. LIQUOR LIABILITY (STATUTORY LIABILITY) Liquor Liability (Statutory Liability) Service by Licensee, Permittee, or Social Host (In Claims Arising on or After September 27, 1987, and Before December 31, 2001) (12/05) Liquor Liability (Statutory Liability) Service to Persons Under (12/05) 48. PRODUCTS LIABILITY Liability for a Defective Product (12/05) Defective Condition (12/05) Unreasonably Dangerous Consumer Expectation Test (12/05) Alteration or Modification (12/05) Exercise of All Possible Care (12/05) Misuse (12/05) Failure to Warn or Instruct (12/05) Contributory Negligence Products Liability Plaintiff s Failure to Discover Defect (12/05) 49. NEGLIGENT MISREPRESENTATION Negligent Misrepresentation Elements (12/05) Special Relationship Defined (12/05) 50. FIDUCIARY DUTY Fiduciary Duty Defined (12/05) Breach of Fiduciary Duty (12/05) Breach of Fiduciary Duty Self-Dealing or Conflict of Interest (12/05) 7

12 51. TRADE SECRETS Misappropriation of Trade Secret (12/05) Trade Secret Defined (12/05) Improper Means Defined Trade Secret (12/05) Damages Trade Secret (12/05) Unjust Enrichment Trade Secret (12/05) 52. DOMESTIC ANIMAL LIABILITY Liability for Domestic Animals Strict Liability (11/08) Liability for Domestic Animals Negligence (11/08) Damages for Injuries Caused by a Dog (11/08) Definitions of Domestic Animal and Wild Animal (11/08) 53. TRESPASS Trespass to Land (11/08) EMPLOYMENT ACTIONS 54. WAGE CLAIMS Claim for Unpaid Wages Wages Defined (12/05) Claim for Unpaid Wages Quit Without 48 Hours Notice (12/05) Claim for Unpaid Wages Quit with 48 Hours Notice (12/05) Claim for Unpaid Wages Termination (12/05) Penalty Wage for Failure to Pay Wages on Termination of or Quitting Employment (12/05) 55. EMPLOYER LIABILITY LAW ORS CHAPTER 654 Employer Liability Generally (12/05) Employer Liability Specific Duties (12/05) Employer Liability General Duty (12/05) Employer Liability Duties Under ORS (12/05) Employer Liability Respondeat Superior (12/05) 8

13 Employer Liability Persons Entitled to Recover Damages for Death (12/05) Employer Liability Safety Codes and Regulations (12/05) Employer Liability Safety Codes Minimum Standard (12/05) Employer Liability Inspection (12/05) Employer Liability Tools, Appliances, Machinery, etc (12/05) Employer Liability Duty to Warn (12/05) Employer Liability Control (12/06) Employer Liability Agency A (12/07) Employer Liability Vice-Principal Defense (12/05) Employer Liability Comparative Fault/Negligence (For Cases Filed Before January 1, 2002) (12/05) Employer Liability Not Delegable (12/07) 56. WRONGFUL DISCHARGE Employment at Will (12/05) Wrongful Discharge (12/06) Wrongful Discharge (Substantial Factor) (12/06) Wrongful Discharge (Single-Motive Case) (WITHDRAWN) (12/06) Constructive Discharge (12/05) 57. INTERFERENCE WITH THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT At-Will Employment as a Contract (12/05) Intentional Interference with Employment or Prospective Employment Relationship (12/05) Harm to Employment Relationship Defined (12/05) Third Party to Employment Relationship (12/05) Scope of Employment Definition (12/05) 58. WORKERS COMPENSATION DISCRIMINATION Workers Compensation Discrimination (12/06) 9

14 Reinstatement of Employment (12/05) Reemployment to Other Available and Suitable Employment (12/05) 59. DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION Disability Discrimination Disparate Treatment Elements (12/07) Disability Discrimination Person with a Disability Defined (12/07) Disability Discrimination Record of Impairment Defined (12/05) Disability Discrimination Regarded as Defined (12/05) Disability Discrimination Failure to Accommodate Elements (12/07) Disability Discrimination Reasonable Accommodation Examples (12/07) Disability Discrimination Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship Defined (12/07) CONDEMNATION 60. CONDEMNATION Taking of Land and Access (12/05) Taking Land Only (12/05) The Theory of Eminent Domain (12/05) Just Compensation as a Basic Constitutional Concept (12/05) Condemnation No Burden of Proof (12/05) Plaintiff s Right to Possession (12/05) Compensation for Partial Taking (12/05) Compensation for Total Taking (12/05) Partial Taking Before and After Rule (12/05) Partial Taking Market Value and Depreciation of Remainder Rule (12/05) Measure of Damage Combination Rule (12/05) 10

15 Highest and Best Use (12/05) Fair Cash Market Value (12/05) Items of Damage (12/05) Comparable Sales Weight Given to (12/05) Future Plans and Intentions (12/05) No Potential Access (12/05) Special Benefits, as Offset Against Severance Damages (12/05) Special Benefits to Several Properties (12/05) Special Benefits and Damages Consideration of Entire Project (12/05) Special Benefits Valuation Rule (12/05) Trade Fixtures (12/05) Jury View (12/05) CONTRACTS 65. COMMERCIAL LAW CONTRACTS Contract Defined (12/05) Offer and Acceptance (12/05) Offer Defined (12/05) Acceptance Defined (12/05) Method of Acceptance Specified by Offer (12/05) Method of Acceptance Unspecified by Offer (12/05) Duration of Offer (12/05) Withdrawal of Offer (12/05) Option Contract (12/05) Rejection Defined (12/05) Rejection by Counteroffer (12/05) Custom or Trade Usage (12/05) Course of Performance (12/05) The Parties Interpretation of the Contract (12/05) Breach of Contract Defined (12/05) Offer Accepted by Mailing Mailbox Rule (12/05) 11

16 Contract Interpretation Ordinary Meaning of Terms (12/05) Ambiguity in Contract A (12/06) Resolving Ambiguity in Contract B (12/06) Damages Breach of Contract () Contract Damages Duty to Mitigate (12/05) Waiver Defined (12/05) Accord and Satisfaction (Generally) (12/05) Contractual Duty of Good Faith (12/05) 66. UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE CONTRACTS Time to Accept an Offer from a Merchant (UCC) (12/05) Price (UCC) (12/05) Quantity: Output/Requirements (UCC) (12/05) Tender of Payment (Buyer)(UCC) (12/05) Tender of Delivery (Seller)(UCC) (12/05) Withdrawal of Waiver (UCC) (12/05) Contractual Duty of Good Faith (UCC) (12/05) 67. UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE WARRANTIES Warranties in General (UCC) (12/05) Creation of Express Warranties (UCC) (12/05) Breach of Express Warranty (UCC) (12/05) Implied Warranty of Fitness for Particular Purpose (UCC) (12/05) Breach of Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose (UCC) (12/05) Merchantability (UCC) (12/05) Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability (UCC) (12/05) DAMAGES 70. DAMAGE TO PERSONS AND PROPERTY Damages Preliminary Instruction () Damages Noneconomic (In Claims Subject to ORS ) (12/05) 12

17 Damages Economic (In Claims Subject to ORS ) (12/07) Noneconomic Damages When Economic Damages Awarded (WITHDRAWN) () Future Economic Damages Present Value (12/05) Damages Previous Infirm Condition (12/05) Damages Aggravation of Preexisting Injury or Disability (12/05) Tort Damages Personal Property When Fair Market Value Is Either Nonexistent or Is an Inadequate Measure of Damages (12/05) Tort Damages Destruction of or Damage to Personal Property () Tort Damages Personal and Real Property (Loss of Use) () Tort Damages Personal and Real Property (Lost Profits) () Tort Damages Real Property (Partial Destruction) (12/05) Tort Damages Real Property (Total Destruction) (12/05) Impairment of Earning Capacity (12/05) Damages Bar of Noneconomic Damages (Under the Influence of Intoxicants) (12/05) Damages Bar of Noneconomic Damages (Uninsured) (12/05) Damages Bar of Noneconomic Damages (Defenses to Bar of Damages) (12/05) Damages Bar of Noneconomic Damages (Defense to Bar of Damages Uninsured Exception) (12/05) Noneconomic Damages When Required (To Be Given after Verdict in Certain Cases) () 13

18 71. WRONGFUL DEATH Damages for Death Noneconomic (In Claims Arising on or After September 27, 1987) (12/05) Damages for Death Economic (In Claims Arising on or After September 27, 1987) (12/05) Future Economic Damages for Death (Present Value) (12/05) 72. INJURY TO SPOUSE Damages Loss of Consortium (12/05) 73. MITIGATION Damages Avoidable Consequences () Mitigation of Damages and Failure to Use Safety Belt or Harness (12/05) 74. FUTURE DAMAGES LENGTH OF TIME DAMAGES WILL CONTINUE DISCOUNT OF DAMAGES MORTALITY TABLES Damages Permanent Injury Life Expectancy Mortality Tables (11/08) 75. PUNITIVE DAMAGES Punitive Damages (In Claims Arising on or After September 27, 1987, and Before September 9, 1995) (WITHDRAWN) (11/08) Punitive Damages General () Punitive Damages Out-of-State Conduct A () Punitive Damages Harm to Others B () Punitive Damages Health Care Practitioner (In Claims Arising on or After September 27, 1987) (11/08) Punitive Damages Limitation Drug Products (In Claims Arising on or After September 27, 1987) (12/05) 14

19 Punitive Damages Products Liability (In Claims Arising Before September 9, 1995) (WITHDRAWN) (11/08) Punitive Damages Products Liability (In Claims Arising on or After September 9, 1995) (11/08) 76. APPORTIONMENT OF DAMAGES Apportionment of Damages Two or More Defendants (In Claims Arising Before September 9, 1995) (12/05) Apportionment of Damages Two or More Defendants Comparative Fault in Issue (Claims Subject to ORS and Arising Before September 9, 1995) (12/05) Apportionment of Damages Legal Effect Multiple Parties and/or Comparative Fault (In Claims Arising on or After September 9, 1995, and Subject to ORS and ) (12/05) Apportionment of Damages Two or More Defendants Comparative Fault in Issue (In Claims Arising on or After September 27, 1987, and Not Subject to ORS ) (12/05) 77. LOST PROFITS Damages for Lost Profits () LANDLORD-TENANT 80. RESIDENTIAL LANDLORD-TENANT Retaliation for Complaint to Governmental Agency As Defense to No-Cause Eviction (12/05) Retaliation for Complaint to Landlord As Defense to No-Cause Eviction () Retaliation for Other Complaints As Defense to No-Cause Eviction (12/05) Eviction for Cause Other than Nonpayment 30-Day Notice (12/07) Eviction for Cause 24-Hour Notice (12/05) 15

20 Waiver by Acceptance of Partial Rent After a Nonpayment of Rent Notice (11/08) Waiver by Acceptance of Partial Rent Before a Nonpayment of Rent Notice () Good Faith () Habitability (12/05) Eviction for Nonpayment of Rent 72-Hour Notice (12/05) Habitability Claims as Defense to Nonpayment Eviction No Rent Paid into Court (12/05) VERDICTS 90. VERDICTS Verdict (For Use with Special Verdict Forms) (12/05) Tape-Recorded Instructions (12/05) Written Instructions (12/05) Special Verdict Fault/Negligence, Causation, Damages A () Special Verdict Comparative Fault/Negligence () Special Verdict Multiple Defendants Comparative Fault/Negligence () Special Verdict Multiple Persons Potentially at Fault (With Third-Party Defendants and/or Settling Persons) () Special Verdict Counterclaim (In Claims Arising on or After September 27, 1987, and Subject to ORS ) () Special Verdict Mitigation (If Failure to Use a Seat Belt Is Raised in Mitigation) () Special Verdict Comparative Negligence and Mitigation (Claim of Failure to Use Operative and Available Seat Belt Raised in Mitigation) () Special Verdict Employer Liability Comparative Fault/Negligence () 16

21 UCJI No FAULT/NEGLIGENCE AND CAUSATION The law assumes that all persons have obeyed the law and have been free from [fault / negligence]. The mere fact alone that an accident happened or that a person was injured is not sufficient of itself to prove negligence. It is, however, a circumstance that may be considered along with other evidence. To recover, the plaintiff must prove two things by a preponderance of the evidence: (1) that the defendant was [at fault / negligent] in at least one of the ways claimed in the plaintiff s complaint; and (2) that the defendant s [fault / negligence] was a cause of damage to the plaintiff. [Similarly, for the defendant to prevail on the defendant s claim that the plaintiff was (at fault / negligent), the defendant must prove two things by a preponderance of evidence: (1) that the plaintiff was (at fault / negligent) in at least one of the ways claimed in the defendant s answer; and (2) that the plaintiff s (fault / negligence) was a cause of damage to the defendant.] COMMENT: See Fisher v. Kirk & Son, Inc., 219 Or 402, 411, 347 P2d 851 (1959), overruled on other grounds, Dawson v. Payless for Drugs, 248 Or 334, 339, 433 P2d 1019 (1967). When res ipsa loquitur is or may be applicable, the second and third sentences should be omitted or modified. See Centennial Mills, Inc. v. Benson, 234 Or 512, 515, 383 P2d 103 (1963); Powell v. Moore, 228 Or 255, 269, 364 P2d 1094 (1961). Consider UCJI No The statement concerning the right to assume the law has been obeyed may be limited in the case of children. See Simmons v. Holm, 229 Or 373, , 367 P2d 368 (1961). When negligence is the issue, the parties may wish to use negligence instead of fault. However, the same term should be used in the verdict form. 12/05

22 UCJI No COMMON-LAW NEGLIGENCE The law requires every person to use reasonable care to avoid harming others. Reasonable care is the degree of care and judgment used by reasonably careful people in the management of their own affairs to avoid harming themselves or others. In deciding whether a party used reasonable care, consider the dangers apparent or reasonably foreseeable when the events occurred. Do not judge the party s conduct in light of subsequent events; instead, consider what the party knew or should have known at the time. A person is negligent, therefore, when that person does some act that a reasonably careful person would not do, or fails to do something that a reasonably careful person would do under similar circumstances. COMMENT: See Kirby v. Sonville, 286 Or 339, , 594 P2d 818 (1979); White v. Milner Hotels, Inc., 267 Or 628, , 518 P2d 631 (1974). 12/05

23 UCJI No NEGLIGENCE PER SE The plaintiff has alleged that the defendant violated a [statute / ordinance / regulation / rule] that [requires / prohibits] certain conduct. That [statute / ordinance / regulation / rule] provides as follows: [set forth relevant language of statute, ordinance, regulation, or rule]. A violation of this [statute / ordinance / regulation / rule] constitutes negligence [unless the defendant proves by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant was acting as a reasonably careful person in the circumstances]. COMMENT: Barnum v. Williams, 264 Or 71, 78 79, 504 P2d 122 (1972). This instruction assumes that an issue of fact exists whether the defendant violated the statute, ordinance, regulation, or rule. This instruction is appropriate on the issue of the applicable standard of due care once the court determines as a matter of law that the plaintiff falls within the class of persons the statute, ordinance, regulation, or rule is intended to protect and that the harm the plaintiff has suffered is the type that the statute, ordinance, regulation, or rule is intended to prevent. If the court determines that the plaintiff does not fall within the class of persons the statute, ordinance, regulation, or rule is intended to protect, the parties should refer to UCJI No , which may apply. The final bracketed phrase is appropriate when the court rules that the evidence produced is sufficient to create a jury question whether the defendant acted reasonably despite having violated the statute, ordinance, regulation, or rule. Weitzel v. Wingard, 274 Or 185, , 456 P2d 121 (1976). This instruction can be modified to apply to cases of comparative negligence per se where the defendant has alleged that the plaintiff violated a relevant safety statute, ordinance, regulation, or rule by substituting the defendant for the plaintiff where appropriate. 12/05