JOURNAL OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN GREEN INNOVATION HU ISSN Available online at

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1 Journal of Central European Green Innovation 2 (4) (2014) JOURNAL OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN GREEN INNOVATION HU ISSN Available online at WORLD CLASS WORKSHOP ON FEMTOSCOPY IN GYÖNGYÖS, HUNGARY Ten years ago, in 2005, a new series of international Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy (WPCF) conferences was initiated and started, with the aim of overviewing the annual developments in femtoscopy, the science of measuring length scales in the range of a femtometer, corresponding to a thousandth part of a millionth part of a micrometer or m. The 10 th, anniversary conference was organized by a consortium of the Wigner Research Centre for Physics (Wigner RCP), the Eötvös University (ELTE), both located in Budapest and by the Károly Róbert College (KRF), located in Gyöngyös. Hungary. The Károly Róbert College of Gyöngyös provided the site for the anniversary, 10 th WPCF meeting in the period of August 25-29, The chair of this meeting was Tamás Csörgő, member of Academia Europaea, scientific advisor at the Wigner RCP and a research professor at KRF, the co-chair was Tamás Novák, institute director and associate professor at KRF, while the secretary of the conference was Máté Csanád, assistant professor at the Department of Atomic Physics at ELTE. The initiator of this conference series was Tamás Csörgő, who is a physicist and who acted as a co-chair of the Quark Matter 2005 world conference in Budapest, and who, in this position 189

2 recognized that femtoscopy as a special field is matured enough so that its annual results could be reviewed in a new conference series. The first WPCF conference has been organized just after the Quark Matter 2005 conference in Kromeriz, Czech Republic and chaired by professor M. Sumbera (Prague). After that event, the WPCF conference has been organized in every year, and moved around all over the world, starting from the Czech Republic and passing through Brazil, US, Poland, Switzerland, Ukraine, Japan, Germany and Italy, arriving in 2014 to Hungary: WPCF 2013 Acireale WPCF 2012 Frankfurt WPCF 2011 WPCF 2010 WPCF 2009 WPCF 2008 WPCF 2007 WPCF 2006 Tokyo Kiev Geneva Cracow Santa Rosa, California Sao Paulo WPCF 2005 Kroměříž In addition to the traditional topics of femtoscopy, the local WPCF organizers usually add also certain special topics of their own preferences to the topics of a particular meeting. At the WPCF 2014 in Gyöngyös, these special topics were scientific outreach methods and diffraction, the quantum optical applications of the bending, wave-like properties of light. In the section on Science for all the participants covered topics ranging from Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) aspects of the Rubik s Cube, the Quark Matter and other Particle Card Games, and other modern methods of science outreach efforts. WPCF 2014 attracted 85 participants, 73 talks were delivered, 37 of the participants were young persons without a PhD, 23 countries were represented, 5 days were filled with the scientific program and the participants represented 4 continents of the world. Highly qualified guests of WPCF 2014 included Andrzej Bialas, president of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and member of Academia Europaea, László Csernai, Hungarian-Norwegian professor of physics at the University of Bergen, Norway, and member of the Council of Academia Europaea, Simone Giani, spokesperson of the TOTEM experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the European Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (CERN), and William A. Zajc, chair of the Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, former spokesperson of the PHENIX experiment located at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), USA. 190

3 One of the highlights of WPCF 2014 included a skype-delivered talk by Roy J. Glauber, Nobel Laureate in Physics 2005, emeritus professor of physics at Harvard University, who at the very young age of 18 participated at the Manhattan Project. He received the most prestigious recognition in physics for his theoretical description of quantum properties of light and for establishing the science of quantum optics. The optical model of professor Glauber has been successfully applied also for the description of high energy particle and nuclear collisions, so the contribution of professor Glauber to the success of the scientific program of the PHENIX and STAR experiments at RHIC and the TOTEM experiment at LHC is also fundamental. Several other interesting and new femtoscopy related results were reported at WPCF One of the outstanding talks was given by Simone Giani, the spokesperson of the CERN LHC experiment TOTEM. In his overview talk professor Giani noted that the effective area of interaction of protons in the 7 and 8 TeV collisions at LHC approximately doubles as compared to the area of the interaction of protons for lower energy collisions. Professor Andrzej Bialas, the president of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences from Cracow, Poland made a theoretical prediction in his conference opening talk. According to this prediction, the observation of the region of anti-correlations among identical bosons, discovered by Tamás Novák, Wolfram Kittel, Wes Metzger and Tamás Csörgő in the L3 experiment in electron-positron annihilation at LEP is a general phenomenon that will be observed in all kinds of high energy particle or nuclear collisions. This effect suggests that even among identical bosons, particles that typically like one another and were predicted before to have a positive definite correlation function, there exists a typical region of relative momentum separation, where they effectively dislike and repel /anti-correlate each other. Dhevan Gangadharan (Berkeley, USA) reported preliminary results that indicate certain signals of Bose-Einstein condensation of charged bosons, which suggests the possibility of realizing a new kind of elementary particle laser, called the pion laser. The first preliminary results of the ALICE experiment on Pb+Pb heavy ion collisions at LHC provided a positive indication for the formation of such a state, but further measurements are needed to confirm and detail the existence of such a possible state of matter. Professor Roy Lacey, Head of the Department for Nuclear Chemistry at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, US, reported an analysis of data from the STAR, PHENIX, ALICE, ATLAS and CMS experiments, which suggested the formation of acoustic waves in 191

4 high energy heavy ion collisions at RHIC and at LHC. His analysis suggested that the energy of the LHC accelerator is too high for the creation of the most perfect fluid of quarks: increasing the energy of the collision the degree of perfectness decreases, with the optimum located somewhere between GeV in the center of mass of the colliding nucleon nucleon pairs, in the region where the STAR and PHENIX experiments are taking new data at present. Professor Wojchiech Broniowski (Cracow) presented a new method that makes it possible to use heavy ion collisions to study nuclear shapes and internal structure, which may create a bridge between two different special areas of nuclear physics. László Pál Csernai, Norwegian-Hungarian professor of physics from the University of Bergen presented numerical solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics, results that indicate the rotation of the nearly perfect fluid, created in high energy heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. These calculations were supported by the new, exact and rotating solutions of hydrodynamics, presented by Imre Barna (Wigner RCP, Budapest) and Márton Nagy (ELTE, Budapest). We paid special attention to the question, where the lower boundary/limit for the creation of the nearly perfect fluid of quarks is located, not only in the measure of the energy of the collision but also in the measure of the size of the colliding systems. In addition to the results of the Europe located LHC accelerator and the US located RHIC accelerator, we have also reviewed results from the J-PARC accelerator complex, located in Japan. The results and the plans of the J-PARC accelerator complex were reviewed by Professor Aoki Kazuya of KEK, Tsukuba, Japan. WPCF 2014 provided also an opportunity to celebrate the 60 th anniversary of CERN, the European Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, as well as to celebrate the 40 th anniversary of the creation of Rubik s Cube in Hungary. The Rubik Studio Ltd was represented by Mr. Sándor Kiss, who delivered a talk about the history of Rubik s Cube, and highlighted its marketing strategy as the marketing of the Cube as an educational tool for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). In the same section on science outreach, the Károly Róbert College was represented by Drs. Róbert Pántya and László F. Mucsics, who presented a Rubik s Cube solving robot, built by college students and their mentors at KRF, as a tool to educate students in mathematics and informatics including a demonstration of the robot in recognizing, controlling and solving a fully mixed Rubik s cube. Professor Michael Lisa, one of the leading experimentalists of the STAR experiment at BNL s RHIC accelerator reported on his Physics of Sports lecture course, that he developed at the University of Ohio, Columbus, OH, US, and discussed the new methodology and technology, involving I-Pads and I-Phones in this university course. Márton Vargyas presented a new entertaining application, a card game called Particle Poker, which builds upon the Quark Matter Card games, developed by the Berze secondary school students Csaba Török, Judit Csörgő and their physicist mentor, Tamás Csörgő, who also presented a talk in this outreach section that demonstrated that the 3x3 Rubik s cube can be utilized to represent Quark Matter- the Perfect Fluid of Quarks. Tamás Novák presented the game Quark Wars that also connects education, entertainment and sports, based on the Quark Matter Card Game and the rules of number wars, a popular game for teenagers in Hungary. 192

5 At a closed meeting of the WPCF 2014 conference, we have also organized a discussion on the start of the Einstein Telescope (ET) project. ET is a 3rd generation gravitational wave detector, currently under design study, with an expected EU level investment need in the range of 1-4 billion euro. The possibilities of this Einstein Telescope were introduced by the Hungarian experts to the members of the local academic community and the decision makers and strategic planners in the Gyöngyös region. Based on a first evaluation of possible European sites, the Mátra hills and the region of Gyöngyös as a gateway to the Mátra mine region was selected to the short list of possible ET sites, together with the island of Corsica and a sit in the Pyrennes Mountains. The WPCF 2014 was not only a scientific but a cultural event as well. Participants, the majority of whom came from overseas, visited among others the well-known mammoth skeleton in the Mátra Museum of Gyöngyös, travelled by the Mátra narrow-gauge railway to the excursion region Lajosháza, and gained an insight into living folk art: Hungarian folkdances were presented by the Vidróczky Ensemble of Gyöngyös and the Kamaszka Ensemble of Visznek at the conference dinner, where participants also had a chance to get familiar with the Hungarian gastronomy, in particular with the regional palóc cuisine. Further pictures are available at the home page of the conference: 193

6 Finally we would like to express our gratitude to all who have supported us and without whose generous contribution the organization of this conference would not have been possible: we would like to say a big thank you to all of them. Their contributions meant a lot and provided certain strength for us. Special thanks are due to the professional contribution of the IT-specialists of KRF, who provided an excellent WiFi connection for the participants of the conference. We would like to express our sincere appreciation for the efforts of all colleagues who contributed to the success of this event, including all from receptionists to professors, the staff of the Károly Róbert Student Hostel and that of Hotel Opál, the restaurant and the Károly Róbert Non-profit Kft, as well as the administrators and secretaries of Wigner RCP. We would like to say special thanks to Helgertné Dr. Ilona Szabó, rector of the Károly Róbert College, for inaugurating the conference, welcoming the participants, providing the lecture and discussion rooms as a special support from the College and for asking the participants to carry with them not only the good memories of WPCF 2014 but also the good name of the Károly Róbert College, back to their home institutions, all over the world. Finally, we would like to thank our supporters and sponsors also with listing their logos as follows: WPCF 2014 was summarized by Tamás CSÖRGŐ, chair of WPCF 2014 ( Wigner RCP and Károly Róbert College) Máté CSANÁD, secretary of WPCF 2014 (ELTE) and Tamás NOVÁK, co-chair of WPCF 2014 (Károly Róbert College) English version finalized in Visznek and Gyöngyös, Hungary, on November 17,