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1 Determination of CO 2 and N 2 O emissions with CEM Systems within the scope of greenhouse gas trading CEM 2014 Istanbul Thursday, 15 th May 2014 TÜV Rheinland Energie und Umwelt GmbH Guido Baum Phone: +49(0) Mail: guido.baum@de.tuv.com

Thursday, 15 th May 2014 TÜV Rheinland Energie und Umwelt GmbH

EU Emission Trading Context and legal basis Kyoto Protocol 1997: United Nations framework agreement regarding climate change; defines objectives for greenhouse gas emissions Implementation in the EU

2 EU Emission Trading Context and legal basis Kyoto Protocol 1997: United Nations framework agreement regarding climate change; defines objectives for greenhouse gas emissions Implementation in the EU and Germany: Emission trading directive 2003/87/EC Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Law (TEHG) in effect since 2004 in Germany Allocation acts ZuG 2007, 2012, 2020 (definition of national goals) Current: European Monitoring Regulation 601/2012/EU Valid since 1st January

directive 2003/87/EC Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Law (TEHG) in effect since 2004 in Germany Allocation acts ZuG

3 Trading periods - EN Trading und period DIN 2005 SPEC to Qualitätssicherung für AMS Allocation of free certificates based on past emissionsrnd! 2. Trading period 2008 to Allocation of free certificates based on past production 003/87/EG Treibhausgasemissionszertifikate 3. Trading period 2013 to 2020 Nr. 601/2012 EU für Treibhausgase First measurement of CO 2 emissions

certificates based on past emissionsrnd! 2.

Regulations for the use of CEMS within the framework of the monitoring regulation Article 42 of 601/2012/EU defines the requirements for measuring equipment Requirements are adjusted to the existing

4 Regulations for the use of CEMS within the framework of the monitoring regulation Article 42 of 601/2012/EU defines the requirements for measuring equipment Requirements are adjusted to the existing EU regulations for the monitoring of official limit values EN ( Stationary source emissions Quality assurance of automated measuring systems ) EN ( Stationary source emissions Requirements for the measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report )

limit values EN 14181 ( Stationary source emissions Quality assurance of automated measuring systems ) EN 15259 ( Stationary

5 Quality assurance levels of EN QAL1 Performance test and announcement Measuring equipment must be certified according to EN 15267!und DIN SPEC 1178 Qualitätssicherung für AMS! QAL2 Installation and calibration ( 26 BImSchG in Germany) QAL3 Continous drift tests (plant operator) -003/87/EG Treibhausgasemissionszertifikate Nr. 601/2012 EU für Treibhausgase AST - Annual Surveillance Test ( 26 BImSchG in Germany)

QAL2 Installation and calibration ( 26 BImSchG in Germany) QAL3 Continous drift tests (plant operator)

Basis for QAL1 certification EN 15267-1 July 2009 Principles EN 15267-2 July 2009 Initial assessment of the manufacturer s quality management system and surveillance of the manufacturing process in

6 Basis for QAL1 certification EN July 2009 Principles EN July 2009 Initial assessment of the manufacturer s quality management system and surveillance of the manufacturing process in accordance with certification EN March 2008 Minimum requirements and test procedures for automatic measuring systems for the monitoring of emissions from stationary sources EN current: new approach for portable measuring systems 6

certification EN 15267-3 March 2008 Minimum requirements and test procedures for automatic measuring systems

7 EN defines the requirements for: - Measurement sections - Measurement site - Measurement objective - Measurement plan - Measurement strategy - Measurement report Important for the installation of measuring equipment! 7

Measurement plan - Measurement strategy - Measurement

8 Determination of emission mass flow Mass flow determination = combination of concentration measurment and determination of exhaust gas volume flow 8

9 Variations of continuous emission monitoring Measurement CO 2 measurement / concentration Direct measurement Indirect measurement at high CO 2 concentration CO 2 measurement / exhaust gas volume flow Indirect measurement (mass balance approach) Direct measurement 9

measurement at high CO 2 concentration CO 2 measurement / exhaust

10 Required measurement uncertainties stipulated in 601/2012/EU Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 CO 2 emission source ± 10 % ± 7.5 % ± 5 % ± 2.5 % N 2 O emission source ± 10 % ± 7.5 % ± 5 % n.a. CO 2 transfer ± 10 % ± 7.5 % ± 5 % ± 2.5 % Problem: uncertatinty values apply for combined uncertainty from concentration and flow measurement Permitted uncertainty values are considerably lower than permitted uncertainty as per QAL1! 10

11 Basis for uncertainty calculations in the monitoring of greenhouse gases The level requirements (tier 1 to 4) must be compared with the combined uncertainty The uncertainty values are not taken from QAL1, rather they are the standard deviations from the QAL2 variability test Because there is no limit value for CO 2 and exhaust gas velocity, the average annual concentration / velocity is used as a comparative value There are no specific requirements for the data acquisition system Averaging should be based on hourly values (half-hourly average possible) 11

Because there is no limit value for CO 2 and exhaust gas velocity, the average annual concentration / velocity is used as a comparative

12 Verification of uncertainties for CEMS Influence quantities for exhaust gas volume flow: Calibration function/lack of fit, ambient temperature, zero/span point drift, voltage, reproducibility Aerea of measurement section Influence quantities for GHG concentration: Calibration function/lack of fit, ambient temperature, zero/span point drift, voltage, reproducibility, cross-sensitivities to other gas components Data basis: Before procurement/installation of CEMS: use of QAL1 certificate After calibration of CEMS: verification of uncertainty based on QAL2 results 12

Calibration function/lack of fit, ambient temperature, zero/span point drift, voltage, reproducibility, cross-sensitivities to other gas

13 Measurement of N 2 O concentrations Measurement of N 2 O concentration is carried out in accordance with the CO 2 regulations Because only CO 2 certificates are currently being traded, the N 2 O mass flow is converted into a CO 2 equivalent: Em = Em(N 2 O) * GWP N2O Em Em(N2O) GWP N2O Emissions as tonnes CO 2 equivalent CO 2(e) N 2 O emissions in tonnes Relative greenhouse gas potential of N 2 O - see Annex VI Section 3 Table 6 of regulation 1 tonne N 2 O equals 310 tonnes CO 2 13

equivalent: Em = Em(N 2 O) * GWP N2O Em Em(N2O) GWP N2O Emissions as tonnes CO 2 equivalent CO 2(e) N 2 O emissions in

Improvement of measurement uncertainty The following options can help to improve measurement uncertainty: Selection of a suitable measuring principle, e.g. for flow measurement Optimisation of installation conditions (e.

14 Improvement of measurement uncertainty The following options can help to improve measurement uncertainty: Selection of a suitable measuring principle, e.g. for flow measurement Optimisation of installation conditions (e.g. stabilisation of ambient temperature) Consideration of analyser-specific cross-sensitivities depending on the exhaust gas matrix Use of test gases with increased accuracy Selection of test gas concentrations close to operating point of the system Redundant measuring systems, optimisation of representativity Reduction of interval for QAL3 14

for flow measurement Optimisation of installation conditions (e.g.

15 Thank you for your attention. 15

Certificate: 0000040200 / 29 April 2014

Certificate: 0000040200 / 29 April 2014 Test report: 936/21218490/A of 02 December 2013 Initial certification: 01 April 2014 Expiry date: 31 March 2019 Publication: BAnz AT 01 April 2014 B12, chapter II, No. 2.3 Approved application The tested