Research for Civil Security

Transcription

1 DEAS INNOVAT ON PROSPER TY The High-Tech Strategy for Germany Research for Civil Security Framework programme of the Federal Government WISSENSCHAFT HIGH-TECH BILDUNG STRATEGY

2 DEAS INNOVAT ON PROSPER TY The High-Tech Strategy for Germany Research for Civil Security Framework programme of the Federal Government WISSENSCHAFT HIGH-TECH BILDUNG STRATEGY

3 RESEARCH FOR CIVIL SECURITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Preface We have made security issues a focal point of High- Tech Strategy 2020, our national innovation strategy. Civil security research contributes to prevention and also to the management of acute crisis situations. Scientists, engineers, and specialists from the social sciences and humanities are working together with end users and industry in projects to carry out research into innovative security solutions that will protect citizens and, at the same, fit in with our open society s perception of itself. Right from the start, the project partners are including societal aspects such as ethics and data protection in their work. Security is the most important prerequisite for our ability to move around freely in our open society. However, the risks in our changing, globalised world are becoming increasingly diverse. The internationalisation of both trade and travel combined with increased digitalisation has many benefits, but also leads to new risks arising from organised crime and globally active terrorism, which now exist alongside other risks such as extreme weather conditions and major accidents. By building on the achievements of the first programme and establishing new focal points, the Federal Government is responding to these challenges with its new Research for Civil Security framework programme, with the BMBF coordinating the Federal Government s activities here. We expect that the practically oriented security solutions will deliver forward-looking ideas on how we can continue to guarantee civil security for the benefit of the citizens of this country under changed framework conditions. The challenge here is to continue to protect critical infrastructures for utilities, transport, information and conurbations to the greatest extent possible. We expect that this research will deliver solutions that increase civil security and, in doing so, maintain the balance between the highest possible level of security and a high degree of freedom. A central question here is the identification of a security culture that is compatible with our liberal and open society. Answering this question will require an ongoing discourse about the potentials and risks associated with security measures. Federal Minister of Education and Research

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5 RESEARCH FOR CIVIL SECURITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1 Contents PREFACE SUMMARY 2 1 SECURITY AS A FOUNDATION FOR LIVING A FREE LIFE 4 2 RESEARCH TOPICS Societal aspects of civil security Urban security Security of infrastructures and the economy Protection and rescue of people Protection against hazardous substances, epidemics and pandemics Information on the BMBF s activities in the area of IT security research 27 3 FUNDING INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURES Joint development of innovative solutions for concrete challenges Supporting innovation transfer Broadening the scientific foundations and supporting the further development of competences Strengthening international cooperation 39 4 CONNECTING PROGRAMMES The Federal Government s framework programmes Departmental research and institutional funding 45 5 GLOSSARY 49

6 2 SUMMARY Summary Globalisation is opening up a wide range of opportunities for the future for Germany as a modern industrial and knowledge society. However, there are also challenges associated with globalisation in society, business and politics that we have to face up to. The internationalisation of both trade and travel, the omnipresence of the Internet and the threats presented by extreme weather events and globally active terrorism have led to new vulnerabilities. We have to protect ourselves with regard to these vulnerabilities in our society that is open to the outside world and highly technologically advanced in equal measures. Security is the foundation for living a free life and is an important factor in Germany s economic prosperity. If we wish to continue to protect individual freedom, the physical integrity of all citizens, and vital state and economic infrastructures in an effective manner, we will have to search for new approaches and solutions. Building on the achievements of the first national Research for Civil Security programme, the aim here is to harness the strengths of civil security research for the development of innovative solutions and to contribute to the maintenance of an adequate balance between freedom and security. The focus here is on solutions which guarantee the protection of the population and of critical infrastructures against threats arising from terrorism, sabotage, organised crime, piracy or the consequences of natural disasters and major accidents, and which contribute to the protection of our liberal way of life. With its Research for Civil Security framework programme, the Federal Government is investing in tomorrow s security. The framework programme thus implements the goals of the High-Tech Strategy 2020 for Germany, which includes security as one of five demand fields that are guiding the Federal Government s innovation policy activities. The framework programme is targeting its research funding at addressing the global challenges of civil security: Security of critical infrastructures: Germany s security architecture is changing. In order to maintain and expand the high level of security in Germany in the future, we will be targeting research at the earliest possible detection of new vulnerabilities and at the ongoing improvement of the robustness of critical infrastructures through innovation. Security of the economy: Companies from Germany are subject to risks to an increasing extent in a modern industrial society and in a global competitive environment. With research and innovation, we aim in particular to put medium-sized companies and operators of critical infrastructures in a position where they can better protect their core technological competences and their expertise against natural risks and organised economic crime. Security in cyberspace: The security of critical information infrastructures and the guaranteeing of the permanent availability of cyberspace represent one of the biggest common challenges facing the state, business and society in the 21st century. Research is focused on solutions that continuously improve the protection of cyberspace against serious attacks while upholding the protection of personal data and privacy. Security of the citizens: Security research is targeted at societal issues that affect citizens in their immediate living environments. With targeted research, we aim to contribute to protecting the population and securing the population s natural resources and also wish to stimulate a broad debate in society about civil security in Germany. The Research for Civil Security framework programme is following a holistic and integrated research approach that considers the entire innovation chain from research right through to applications. We are guided here by the needs of end users, particularly of authorities and organisations with responsibility for security and also of the operators of critical infrastructures. Working across the boundaries between various

7 RESEARCH FOR CIVIL SECURITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 3 disciplines, all the important stakeholders from science, business and the state are working on concrete issues in the research focal areas and are cooperating on the development of innovative and competitive products and services. The emphasis here is always on the issue of how research and the use of new security solutions can help to increase civil security for people without having a negative impact on the protection of basic civil rights such as freedom and self-determination. The aim of the framework programme is to harness the economic opportunities offered by civil security research and to establish Germany as a leading supplier of security technologies. Supporting innovation transfer Innovative security solutions can only be successfully implemented in practice if they prove themselves in society, in everyday use and also in the market. For this reason, we will link security research and innovation transfer measures in a systematic manner with the goal of expanding the leading international position of German suppliers of civil security products and technologies in the long term. Broadening the scientific foundations and supporting the development of competences As an internationally recognised location for science and innovation, Germany must face up to the challenges of global competition in the area of research, education and training. We wish to strengthen cooperation in civil security research between disciplines and institutions and to support the further development of interdisciplinary academic training structures and programmes. Dealing with risks and concrete hazard situations in the right manner is not necessarily a simple matter. Instead, it demands comprehensive skills along with the ability to implement acquired knowledge both quickly and effectively in everyday situations, in working life or in voluntary activities. We aim to promote the improvement of the technical and organisational skills of security and rescue workers as well as of company staff. Moreover, our goal is to support the development of individual security skills amongst the population. Strengthening international cooperation Germany is aiming to take on an active role in the area of civil security research so that it can play its part in shaping the development of solution approaches for global challenges. We will expand the existing research alliances with strong international technology partners in order to make use of available knowledge and expertise in our national programme. In addition, we are also aiming for targeted bilateral research cooperation projects with countries that will develop important growth markets for civil security. Research into new security solutions is determined to help increase civil security for people without affecting basic civil rights such as freedom and self-determination.

8 4 SECURITY AS A FOUNDATION FOR LIVING A FREE LIFE 1 Security as a foundation for living a free life The security challenges faced by a modern industrial and knowledge society have changed fundamentally. New opportunities are opening up for Germany as a result of the ongoing globalisation of society, commerce and politics. As a society that is open to the world and as an export-oriented economy, we are benefiting to a major extent from the increasing internationalisation of trade, travel and knowledge. However, this also results in new vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities could affect the external and internal security of Germany just as they could impact on the individual freedom and physical integrity of the country s citizens. Security as an opportunity for the future Security is an important factor for business and for the country as a location for business. We benefit from our high level of security in areas such as supply chains, energy supply, and information and transport infrastructures. Powerful high-tech solutions and innovative services will help to maintain this high level of security. At the same time, they also create an opportunity to make Germany a leading market for security solutions. innovation chain from research right through to applications. This requires linked-up thought and action where the various stakeholders from science, business and the state will cooperate across discipline boundaries to develop solutions for concrete threat scenarios. Security is an interdisciplinary issue Technologies that have been developed as part of civil security research can also contribute to the development of solutions in other areas such as plant safety. The exchange of knowledge between various areas is to be supported here, with the aim of achieving high efficiency in research. Differentiation emerges, where research is being targeted at concrete applications. Building on past achievements We initiated a national research programme on civil security for the first time in early Since then, civil security research has established itself in Germany as a research area in its own right with a well-networked community of participants and stakeholders. This strengthens the position of German stakeholders in the international competitive environment and opens up a wide range of opportunities for fostering cooperation Research for civil security We must search for new approaches in order to protect our freedom and the rule of law. Security and freedom are not incompatible here, but there is a trade-off between these two factors. Too little security threatens our free way of life, while too much security can endanger our personal freedom and our right to selfdetermination with respect to information. Security research, as we understand it, always takes this trade-off into consideration. This research will help to maintain an adequate balance between freedom and security. With its Research for Civil Security framework programme, the Federal Government is investing in tomorrow s security. In accordance with the High-Tech Strategy 2020 for Germany, we are taking a holistic, integrated research approach that considers the entire Various rescue organisations such as the German Red Cross and the fire brigade are cooperating closely in the national security research programme.

9 RESEARCH FOR CIVIL SECURITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 5 Research for Civil Security Forschung für die zivile Sicherheit Programm der Bundesregierung As part of its Research for Civil Security programme, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has made around 279 million euros available between 2007 and February 2012 with the aim of improving the civil security of citizens. In addition, industry has contributed approximately 79 million euros of own resources. The BMBF has provided funding for 122 joint projects in a total of 16 announcements based on subject area. Research is being carried out on solutions for complex security scenarios in 48 projects in the focal areas of Protection of transport infrastructures, Rescue and protection of people, Protection against the failure of utility infrastructures and Securing supply chains. The most important research goals in these areas include the optimisation of measures for emergency care of injured persons, research into effective security measures for public transport, the restoration of the power supply in cases of disaster, and research into security strategies for the protection of vital supply and goods chains. The technology-oriented civil security research projects have concentrated on the development of interdisciplinary technologies with a focus on applications. Innovative systems using existing technologies are being combined with new research approaches in 39 technology project groups in the focal areas of Detection of hazardous substances, Integrated protection systems for emergency and security forces, Pattern recognition and Biometrics. These new approaches include technology solutions for quick mobile detection of hazardous substances, improved training for emergency and security forces, and automatic detection of dangerous objects as part of luggage inspection. In particular, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are leading the way in terms of technological progress in many areas. However, the risks of carrying out top-level research are often difficult for SMEs to bear. Within the framework of its security research programme, the BMBF is supporting high-risk research projects with its KMU-innovativ funding initiative with the aim of strengthening the innovation capacity of small and medium sized enterprises in Germany (SMEs, or KMU in German). The percentage of SMEs in the security research programme is around 26 percent. The first security research programme was also conceived not as a pure technology programme. Technological and societal issues are being treated in an integrated manner in all of the funded projects. The fact that central interdisciplinary and fundamental issues are being addressed by the separate Social dimensions of security research line of funding is a significant factor in the success of the programme. 15 interdisciplinary research projects are investigating topics such as civil security culture and architecture, security organisation and security technology. The issues involved in civil security are not solely national challenges. In a total of 9 bilateral cooperation projects, German participants are working together with researchers from countries such as the USA, France and Israel with the aim of learning from each other and improving security for their populations with jointly developed solutions. Further information is available at:

10 6 SECURITY AS A FOUNDATION FOR LIVING A FREE LIFE within the framework of the European Union and for promoting the expansion of international research alliances with selected partners. We aim to build upon achievements so far with the continuation of the research programme. The research focuses will be targeted at future challenges in civil security. Targeting challenges As part of the scope of civil security research, future risks for our society will be analysed in a systematic manner and innovative, competitive products and services will be developed. The focus here is on solutions which guarantee the protection of the population and of critical infrastructures against threats arising from terrorism, sabotage, organised crime, piracy or the consequences of natural disasters and major accidents. Our research funding addresses the global challenges in civil security: Security of critical infrastructures: Germany s security architecture is changing. Since the rise of internationally networked terrorism in particular, Germany has had to adapt to a changed security environment. At the same time, the increasingly close links between various infrastructures now mean that even small disturbances in one area can lead to far-reaching failures in other infrastructures. Our task is to continuously increase the security and robustness of critical infrastructures through research and innovation. Security of the economy: Companies from Germany are subject to risks to an increasing extent in a modern industrial society based on the division of labour and in a global competitive environment. These risks apply not only to industrial plants and humans, but also affect all company processes from the supply of raw materials and production, right through to sales and distribution. The protection of knowledge as a production factor is becoming more important all the time. International links and interdependencies in business Commission on Civil Protection The Commission on Civil Protection of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Commission on civil protection) advises the Federal Government and the conference of interior ministers of the federal states in a voluntary capacity on scientific and scientific-technical issues relating to protection of the population. The legal basis for this is provided by the Federal Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance Act ( 19 ZSKG). The Commission on civil protection deals mainly with issues relating to the prevention of and response to major disasters such as those caused by natural disasters, international terrorism, the vulnerability and interconnection of critical infrastructures, or pandemics. Specific issues are identified in the Risk reports published every three years and in the Annual position papers. The Commission on civil protection currently consists of 33 members and two honorary members. At present, the Commission is divided into the specialist areas of Medicine, Natural and Engineering Sciences, and Social and Legal Sciences. Renowned scientists are working in an interdisciplinary manner on issues relating to the protection of the population and its livelihood; these issues are assigned to the Commission by the Federal Ministry of the Interior or are suggested by the Commission itself. The Commission on civil protection also advises the Federal Ministry of the Interior on the preparation and ongoing development of the research framework plan for civil protection research (departmental research) of the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance, and also on the implementation of research results in line with the current status of research internationally. Further information on the Commission on Civil Protection is available in German at

11 RESEARCH FOR CIVIL SECURITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 7 and information mean that attacks on data and industrial espionage are already causing significant economic losses today, particularly in mediumsized companies. Security in cyberspace: The availability of cyberspace and the integrity, authenticity and confidentiality of the data it contains have become one of the crucial concerns of the 21st century. The state, critical infrastructures, business and the population in Germany are all dependent on the reliable functioning of information and communication technology and of the Internet. Faulty IT products and components, the failure of information infrastructures or serious attacks in cyberspace can have significant adverse consequences. Guaranteeing security in cyberspace is thus a central common challenge for the state, business and society. Security of the citizens: Security research is targeted at societal issues that affect citizens in their immediate living environments. This includes improved protection against criminal attacks in public transport as well as preventative measures to strengthen the population s capacity to help itself in cases of disaster. The emphasis here is always on the issue of how research and the use of new security solutions can help to increase civil security for people without having a negative impact on the protection of basic civil rights such as freedom and self-determination. Objectives of the framework programme With security research, we will help to protect our free way of life We will consider data protection issues and promote the development of solutions with good data protection performance We aim to stimulate a broad debate in society about the shaping of civil security in Germany Civil security research is oriented towards the needs of end users such as authorities and organisations with responsibility for security and the operators of critical infrastructures. We will target civil security research at current and future challenges and promote the development of innovative solutions for the protection of the population and of critical infrastructures We will focus security research on the entire resilience cycle (crisis prevention, precautions, crisis reaction, recovery and evaluation) We will be guided by the needs of end users, i.e. of authorities and organisations with responsibility for security and of the operators of critical infrastructures, and we will include the entire innovation chain from research and industry right through to end users We aim to harness the economic opportunities and establish Germany as a leading supplier of security technologies We will coordinate security research and innovation transfer measures in a systematic manner We wish to support the acquisition of individual security skills in society as a whole and broaden the scientific basis We will expand international research cooperation projects and participate in structuring the development of solution approaches for global challenges

12 8 RESEARCH TOPICS 2 Research topics 2.1 Societal aspects of civil security Civil security is a foundation for the individual and social life of all citizens. It has become a central value in contemporary society, particularly in the light of the vulnerabilities associated with modern life, and it is an important factor in Germany s economic prosperity. Civil security is a public asset that is closely associated with societal transformation processes and with a changed understanding of freedom where public space is regarded as an arena where individual freedom, freedom of communication and social freedom apply. This has an impact on the subjective perception of security among the population as well as on the transformation of institutional structures and regulations for the protection of security. Civil security is understood here as part of an expanded concept of security. In this regard, the protection of Germany s internal security is shaped to an increasing extent by global challenges and the transformation in precautionary measures that are assumed by the state. How do we imagine a secure society in the future? How should security measures be structured so that they preserve the fundamental privacy rights of citizens and reduce threats? Are we prepared to tolerate some insecurities? These questions represent a major challenge for security research. The risks themselves and modern security solutions are often complex, and can even be difficult to comprehend in certain cases. The objective security situation and our subjective perception of security often do not match each other. It should also be taken into account here that even those security solutions that are accepted by a majority of the population might not be justifiable from ethical viewpoints for example, if these solutions discriminate against minorities. A debate in society on these issues will help to structure security solutions in such a way that they take into account the needs, concerns and expectations of the citizens. Civil security research can make a successful contribution to shaping the transformation in society s security cultures and in institutional security architectures. What is being sought here are not just the best solutions from a scientific and technical viewpoint, but innovative security solutions that are compatible with the practice of individual organisations and with Agenda process for continuation of the security research programme Research for civil security is a task for society as a whole and is investigating the integration of diverse solution approaches and concepts from the fields of technology as well as social sciences. As was done at the preliminary stage of the first programme phase, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has initiated a comprehensive interdisciplinary agenda process for the continuation of the security research programme together with national stakeholders in the area of civil security research. The goal here was to enter into open dialogue with all societal stakeholder groups and to discuss future challenges in civil security against the background of long-term societal and global developments. Experts from research and business as well as end users from the private sector and authorities have identified strategically important topics and research issues as part of the three agenda workshops on the action areas of Companies and business, State precautionary security measures and Citizens and community. Researchers from almost all disciplines and representatives from companies, authorities and non-governmental organisations also identified their research needs as input for this discussion. In addition, numerous stakeholders such as research organisations, authorities, interest groups and trade associations took the opportunity to present future research requirements in their own subject papers.

13 RESEARCH FOR CIVIL SECURITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 9 society. For this reason, all stakeholders will be involved in the research from the beginning and technical and societal issues will be linked. Only in this way is it possible to support the development of ethically responsible security technologies in a proactive manner while taking into account legal, social and economic aspects. In order to address these challenges, we are targeting research at the following focuses: Risk management and quantifiability of security Civil security research can make a successful contribution to shaping the transformation in society's security cultures. The risks for the state, business and society have become more diverse and more unpredictable. State and private security stakeholders are faced with a growing spectrum of tasks. The basis for effective protection of the population and of critical infrastructures is the early identification and evaluation of societal and tech- Barometer for security in Germany Security means freedom from fear and a feeling of comfort, safety and trust, among other things. Security is thus a basic, elementary human need and a central guiding principle for society. The wide spectrum covered by the term security results in broad, complex issues regarding objective securities, perceptions, sensitivities, conditions and expectations. Various dimensions of the topic of security are being dealt with and a monitoring study on objectivised and subjective securities in Germany is being conducted as part of the Security, perceptions, reports, conditions and expectations Monitoring Security in Germany (BaSiD) joint project, which is being coordinated by the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law in Freiburg. The security barometer to be created is focussed on perceptions, expectations and feelings with regard to security in the areas of criminality, terrorism, natural disasters and major accidents. Security is considered on the three levels of: the individual, structures and communication. The level of the individual is concerned with individual perceptions, attitudes and behaviours; the level of structures is concerned with objectivised data and institutional rules for large areas such as the Federal Government, states and districts; the level of communication is concerned with societal security communications. The study is based on the combination of basic data collection, method development and application-oriented evaluation in a social scientific joint project. The design, methodology and results of this study will serve as the basis and orientation reference for the implementation of subsequent studies. In the long term, the new research design with the innovative research methods that have been tried out will make it possible to record development profiles (e.g. by means of follow-up studies). The security barometer will serve as an instrument for future security monitoring for determining long-term trends with the aim of providing an aid for criminal policy decision-making. BaSiD is running from early summer in 2010 to early summer in Further information is available in German at:

14 10 RESEARCH TOPICS nical risks along with the quantitative description of security, taking into account social and economic costs. The research topics include: Development of concepts and methods for risk analysis, evaluation and prioritisation, including the evaluation of residual risks Investigation of risk awareness among the population Methodology for quantifying security and evaluating technical and organisational security measures Security perception and criminality The development of security perception and the way that fear, concerns and insecurities are dealt with are factors that affect citizens in their personal living environments and shape society and its value system. This applies to the transformation in security culture values as well as to changes in personal perceptions of security that can be triggered by the use of modern security technology. Results available so far show that the subjective security perception of the population does not always correspond to the actual risks and threats for example, those presented by various forms of criminality. The research topics include: Ongoing development of methods for controlling and preventing criminality, and research on impacts Investigations of the changes in and influencing factors for security perception and risk perception Role and influence of the security perception of citizens as part of national crisis management concepts, taking into account a changing social structure Establishment of better fundamental knowledge in the areas of research into unreported crime and recidivism prediction Centre for Criminology The Centre for Criminology (KrimZ) founded in 1981 as a joint body of the federal and state ministries of justice and was based in Wiesbaden. Since 1986, it has been dealing with important issues in common areas in justice, policing, criminal policy and interior security with its activities in research, documentation, information distribution and advice. Its scientific personnel are interdisciplinary in focus. Cooperations are conducted with other bodies such as the Federal Criminal Police Office or university institutes on an area-specific basis. On a number of occasions, the Centre for Criminology evaluated the application and effectiveness of legal regulations that are of particular importance to the public interest. The investigation of persons held in preventive detention who are to be released after the end of the ten-year period is not yet complete. In cooperation with the Ruhr University of Bochum, the KrimZ is preparing an analysis of the possible impacts of Germany's act of 30/7/2009 relating to prosecution for preparation for serious acts of violence that endanger the state (GVVG). The evaluation of this act will also consider the issue of whether the legal regulations are appropriate for reducing the risks presented by international terrorism. Studies on the following topics have already been completed: the criminal careers of dangerous sexual offenders; smuggling and trafficking of humans; aspects of extremist, politically motivated criminality. Parliaments and ministers also commission the KrimZ's criminologists to act in various ways in a consultative capacity on a range of current issues in public security. Noteworthy here is the participation in terms of both organisation and content in the Federal Government's two security reports of 2001 and The Federal Government and the states each provide 50 percent of the funding for the KrimZ. Further information is available in German at:

15 RESEARCH FOR CIVIL SECURITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 11 Dynamic analysis of future threat developments and profiles of criminals, particularly in the area of organised crime and Internet crime Communication The way that risks are dealt with and quick and successful crisis management are dependent on the availability of information and the efficiency of communication processes. Suitable communication strategies include all relevant stakeholders such as crisis management groups, security and emergency forces, event organisers and the public. Risk and crisis communication that is tailored for stakeholders and target groups uses the potential of new media and be responsive to changing media behaviour. It will create an awareness among the population for perceiving risks and dangers at an early stage. It will also communicate possible methods for self-help and prevention. At the same time, the communication processes and cultures of authorities and organisations with responsibility for security must be structured in such a way that cooperation between security and emergency forces, municipal officials and state and federal authorities is optimised. The research topics include: Strategies and concepts for efficient and interoperable communication structures within and between authorities and organisations with responsibility for security Investigations of the intended and non-intended consequences of communication contents The potential and role of new interactive media (e.g. Internet and social media) for risk and crisis communication with the population Strengthening resilience Civil security can only be guaranteed in the long term if the resilience of society is strengthened. For example, this would include improving the robustness and security of critical infrastructures and increasing the ability of the population to overcome crisis situations. The research goal is to employ a systematic approach to increase Germany s resilience and thus also to improve the protection of every single citizen against security risks and threats. The research topics include: Development of concepts and analytical methods to increase society s resilience Analysis of needs and improved awareness, information and training concepts, also taking into account the potential of new media Concepts for providing training in skills in dealing with disasters and increasing the population s capacity for self-help The security economy A quick and successful crisis response is dependent on the fast availability of information and on an efficient communication process. The market for security products and services had a global volume of approximately 100 billion euros in 2008 and, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), is growing by

16 12 RESEARCH TOPICS five to seven percent each year. The European Economic Area is responsible for around 30 percent of the total volume. With its innovations, civil security research will contribute to the further development of the market for security technologies and services, meaning that innovative German companies and research institutions will be able to benefit from this booming market. Even though around 80 percent of critical infrastructures are now in private sector ownership, the market is also characterised by demand from the public sector. Changed security requirements are increasing the need for the introduction of innovative security technologies and services, even despite the increasingly limited resources of public budgets. This will have effects on future financing of security services and, ultimately, will also lead to increased expansion of security partnerships. The research goal is to investigate the economic consequences and effects of security culture change processes and security measures in particular and to contribute to the development of new business models. The research topics include: Social and technical change Social change processes with profound consequences and the increasing degree of interconnection of technical systems and infrastructures are presenting a major challenge to civil security. The research goal is to contribute to the shaping of the development and transformation of civil security solutions in a proactive manner while taking into account legal, social and economic aspects. The research topics include: Investigations of demographic and social change and its effects on civil security for example, with regard to the changes in society s security needs and in the organisation of security and training of security stakeholders Contributions to research into causes of political extremism, terrorism and radical tendencies in society, and the development of preventative measures and of potential national and social countermeasures Financial analyses of security scenarios and technologies, particularly from overall economic viewpoints Investigations of the importance of international dependencies with regard to access to key technologies and raw materials for the guaranteeing of civil security Investigations of the economic costs and benefits of security measures Investigations of the framework conditions for cross-institutional cooperation and business models for security partnerships Analyses of the organisational and legal impacts of the transfer of official state tasks and of structural changes in security architecture, including investigations of the transferability of international concepts People buried under rubble can be located more quickly using the portable detection system from the I-LOV project. Further information is available in German at:

17 RESEARCH FOR CIVIL SECURITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 13 Investigations of the effects of processes of increased technology use on members of authorities and organisations with responsibility for security and on the staff of private security service providers. The focus here is on changes in training requirements and standards that are common to various organisations Investigations and analyses of legal and societal requirements and of the security-related framework conditions for the development of technologies that respect data protection, taking into account the privacy by design principle Protection against criminality Criminality and fear of criminality can significantly reduce the quality of life in cities and other municipal areas. New organisational and technical prevention methods can be researched and crime prevention measures can be developed and refined on the basis of regional analyses of risks and needs. Cooperative security policy in the city Investigations and concepts relating to the shaping of interfaces between humans and technology and to the effects of human-technology interactions in security technology systems 2.2 Urban security People want to feel safe all the time in their immediate living environments, on the way to work or when attending a major event. The terrorist attacks in Madrid (2004) and London (2005) and criminal attacks in underground and other suburban train services and stations in various major cities in Germany have focused the attention of politicians, the public and the media on the issue of urban security. Cities and other communities are facing the challenge of ensuring that citizens will continue to be protected in the future. Civil security research will contribute to detecting risks at an early stage, reducing instances of lacks of security, and anchoring security as an integral preventative component of modern urban planning, without limiting the diversity and freedom of city life or curtailing people s right to self-determination with respect to information. The potentials of security technologies and services are to be researched here and, in addition, the social and economic impacts of these technologies and services are to be investigated. In order to address these challenges, we are targeting research at the following focuses: Since the early 1990s, cooperations between the police and municipal authorities and charitable organisations, educational institutions, civil society organisations and other participants have been an important factor in crime prevention and the development of intervention strategies. However, not all of the partners involved are always satisfied with the scope and procedures of this cooperation. The aim of the Cooperative Security Policy in the City (Kooperative Sicherheitspolitik in der Stadt, KoSiPol) project is to obtain an insight into the composition of committees, the processes of opinion-forming and decision-making, and implementation strategies for local cooperation projects on civil security. On the basis of this analysis, the project is developing concepts for the improvement of local security partnerships. Further information is available in German at:

18 14 RESEARCH TOPICS Foundation of the German Forum for Crime Prevention The German Forum for Crime Prevention (DFK) was founded in Bonn in 2001 as a non-profit foundation under German civil law. The Federal Government, federal states, numerous companies, associations, trade unions, religious communities and local government associations are represented on the board of the foundation. Promoting crime prevention in all its aspects is the task of this foundation, which has the remit of serving society as a whole. These aspects include: knowledge transfer and the networking of numerous countrywide prevention stakeholders; support for and initiation of concrete prevention projects; research and development of systematic long-term prevention strategies. As part of its violence prevention focus, the foundation has successfully established and developed the main action requirements for violence prevention as part of a cumulative process in cooperation with other relevant bodies such as the German Youth Institute. The core message of the Conditions for the success of prevention of interpersonal violence in childhood and youth expert report published by the foundation in 2008 is that long-term prevention for the young is best implemented by means of coordinated measures and programmes. Accordingly, the foundation is also working on coordinating and embedding prevention programmes that have proven to be effective. In this context, the DFK is supporting the evaluation of the implementation of effective prevention services in municipal and institutional practice as a sample project. The focus here is on successfully meeting the challenges of implementation processes particularly the improvement of cooperation between the participating stakeholders and on the investigation of applicability to comparable issues. The foundation communicates through its quarterly forum kriminalprävention magazine and its website, which also includes a German-language portal under Prävention im Überblick" (Overview of prevention) with important prevention stakeholders, including the state prevention committees. Further information is available at: The research topics include: Investigations of the causes of zones of fear in residential or inner city districts The influence of societal trends such as demographic change on future developments in criminality in urban living environments The development of improved forms of cooperation between various security stakeholders, particularly in public-private security partnerships The resilient city Towns, cities and metropolises are particularly vulnerable because of their high densities of vital supply infrastructures and transport hubs. Even if the best possible precautions are taken, it will still not be possible to protect citizens in urban areas against all conceivable and unforeseen crisis events. The research goal here is to increase the resilience of urban living environments. Integrated urban planning and protection concepts make cities more resilient in disaster or crisis situations. Comprehensive risk and emergency management systems help to better estimate potential threats and their impacts. These systems network and coordinate all private-sector and national security stakeholders in an efficient manner in crisis situations. In this way, it becomes possible to restore the ability of urban infrastructures to act and function as quickly as possible.

19 RESEARCH FOR CIVIL SECURITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 15 Networking transport companies, emergency services, event organisers and passengers The increasing numbers attending major events are presenting new challenges for municipalities and for public transport. The aim of the Networking of Local Passenger Transport Companies, Relief Personnel, Organisers and Passengers (VeRSiert) project is to provide the greatest possible security for those attending major events, particularly when travelling to and from the event by bus, tram or train. VeRSiert, which is being headed by Nahverkehr Rheinland GmbH, is employing innovative technologies and organisational concepts here. The project is developing an information and cooperation portal that can be used to optimise cross-organisation networking in the planning and holding of major events and in the post-event phase. The project is also generating short-term predictions to quantify movements of people attending events based on new video analysis procedures and simulations. It is also developing applications for mobile end devices to provide information to those attending events so that they can avoid critical congestion points and reduce waiting times when travelling to the event. Further information is available in German at: Security in public facilities Unhindered access to public facilities to such as municipal offices and libraries is taken for granted as a part of modern urban living. Vandalism, violence at schools and restrictions to public life caused by anonymous bomb threats can have serious even tragic consequences. These consequences affect the security perception among citizens. Against this background, holistic prevention approaches and protection measures must be developed that promote the expansion of security expertise and facilitate improved risk and crisis communication. The goal is to deliver practically oriented research results in a form that can be used to improve intervention methods for example, in situations with conflict or violence in schools. Security in the residential environment The fear of criminality and a feeling that an area is not safe can significantly reduce the quality of life in urban environments particularly for older people. A desire to avoid risk can even lead to people withdrawing and staying in their homes to an increased extent. At the same time, urban communities will face new social challenges in the future due to the increased life expectancy of the population, the increase in the number of single-person households and the coexistence of various ethnic milieus. With the aid of research, new cooperation strategies and protection concepts in crime prevention can be developed and civic security partnerships in urban environments can be supported. Security in public transport Public transport is one of the most important social and economic lifelines of urban areas. The dense rail and road networks and transport-related facilities such as bridges, tunnels, railway stations and bus and tram stops are neuralgic nodes. Vandalism, criminal attacks on passengers and staff, or terrorist attacks can affect the security and reliability of public transport to a serious extent.