PEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
|
|
- Thomasine Hamilton
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form ( and are provided with free text boxes to elaborate on their assessment. These free text comments are reproduced below. ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL) AUTHORS Developing and validating a risk prediction model for acute care based on frailty syndromes Soong, John; Poots, Alan; Scott, Stuart; Donald, Kelvin; Bell, Derek VERSION 1 - REVIEW REVIEWER REVIEW RETURNED Gordon, Adam University of Nottingham, Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing 05-Jun-2015 GENERAL COMMENTS This paper describes a project to develop a frailty index which is predictive of adverse outcomes in older patients presenting to acute care. It uses the prevalence or absence of frailty syndromes as computed from numerous ICD-10 codes included in natively generated HES data and considers whether these were predictive of outcome measures (length of stay, mortality and functional dependency determined through the proxy measure of institutionaltype as stratified into a tiered hierarchy) collected from the same HES database. The rationale for the study is well described. The clinical justification is evident. The analytical and statistical methods are reported in comprehensive detail. The limitations of the study that have been recognised by the authors are transparently described, as are the strengths of their approach. I have, however, a number of misgivings which I think the authors should be encouraged to address through a series of revisions ahead of publication. These are as follows: - The comprehensive and detailed reporting of methods results in a report which is densely written and loaded with statistical jargon. As an academic, well versed in the frailty literature and statistically literate, I found myself having to read and re-read several segments of the report to clarify what had been done and why. The core readership of the BMJ Open, which comprises doctors without advanced statistical training or topic expertise in frailty will, I suspect, struggle to an even greater extent. The authors should work with clinicians within their institution who are removed from the project to de-jargonise the report and make it accessible to a general medical readership. I think this will require extensive editing. - Related to the above point, the report is peppered with column headings from the HES database which are not explained, either in the text or in an appendix glossary (I had to, for example, google "admimeth" to find out it was a column header from HES). These abbreviations should either be explained in the text or removed in
2 full. - The assumption that institutional type is a reasonable proxy for functional dependency is subject to some considerable debate and possibly flawed. We know, for example, from cohort and epidemiological studies that the overlap in terms of functional dependency between residential and nursing homes (care homes with and without nursing) is very considerable. Further there is marked heterogeneity between the thresholds for transfer into and out of homes in the residential care sector. Thus for any two given patients with a step increase in frailty, one may continue to live in their residential home, whilst another is moved onto nursing care. The authors need to consider the correlation, or otherwise, between institutional setting and functional status if they are to mount a robust defence of this as an outcome measure (or they need a frank discussion of this in their limitations setting). - Allied to the above, the rationale for the division of care settings into a five tiered hierarchy is not clear to me. Is this based upon how these data are encoded within HES? Is this empirical, if so what is the justification? Is it based upon an established hierarchy used in other studies? Some of the distinctions drawn in the hierarchy would be viewed with some degree of uncertainty by readers who work in and with the long term care sector. Why are NHS care homes a hierarchy level above privately run care homes? NHS care homes are vanishingly rare. Most NHS-funded long-term care placements are hosted within the private long-term care sector. Was the actual distinction here between those patients receiving NHS long-term care funding and those who were funded from the social care budget and privately? If so, the terminology requires some tidying up. The authors might also want to consider the variability and heterogeneity with which criteria for NHS long-term funding are applied between geographical settings (which loops back to the potential pitfalls in using venue of care as a proxy for dependency as outlined above). - Further related to the above point - the term "nursing home" has a number of different connotations for international readers, as does "care home" (see recent publication by Orrell et al, which coincidentally, got the definition of a UK nursing home wrong(!) but at least serves to demonstrate the considerable heterogeneity in terminology between countries). Other terms used in the report, like "Part 3 residential accommodation" mean nothing outside of England and Wales. The authors need to unpackage these terms for international readers if their report it going to be comprehensible to people working outside of England and Wales. It will take a bit of work for the authors to address these concerns and I think, therefore, that they amount to major revisions. But there remains here a very valuable, high quality piece of academic work that deserves to be reported to the broadest readership. If they can address my concerns I'd be happy to provide further peer-review input to see if we can get this into BMJ Open. REVIEWER REVIEW RETURNED Parker, S 08-Jun-2015 GENERAL COMMENTS INTRODUCTION The introduction could demonstrate a more coherent grasp of the
3 relevant concepts related to ageing and frailty. In paragraph 1 the authors assert boldly, that the population living to a greater age is associated with increased co-morbidity and functional dependence and poorer quality of life. The latter assertion of poorer quality of life is supported by an incomplete reference to a DEFRA document, which I believe says the following in discussion of wellbeing and age Age also appeared strongly related to satisfaction with certain aspects of life. Whilst satisfaction with certain aspects of life tends to increase with age feeling part of a community, future financial security, satisfaction with other aspects decreases achieving goals, the ability to influence one s life and health. The phrase poorer quality of life does not reflect the content of the document quoted except by an abstraction to emphasise the negative, and does not reflect the broader literature evidence on the impacts of ageing and age related disease on the way in which individuals manage their expectations, and as a consequence their perceptions of their quality of life. In my view this paragraph should be revised to either reflect the content of the quoted document in a more balanced way, or otherwise re-worded to remove the over-simplification about the impact of ageing on quality of life. The 2nd and third paragraphs of the introduction try to set the scene for the development and importance of the frailty concept, but they are not yet very persuasive. In my view they could be re-worked to advantage, to make a more coherent argument for the identification and measurement of frailty in the acute clinical setting and arguing why it s identification and measurement in the clinical setting / population may be of importance for the organisation and delivery of (particularly acute) health care Some detail related to this: Paragraph 2 is about assessing frailty. It conflates the notion that there is controversy about defining frailty (because there are two competing conceptual models) with the idea that there there are at least two approaches to measuring frailty (derived from the two conceptual models) and the clinical intuition that measuring the presence and magnitude of frailty of an individual may be a useful component of a clinical assessment (because it may help to predict clinical need, or clinical risk). Paragraph 3 then discusses the Geriatric giants and equates them to frailty syndromes. The Geriatric Giants is a term generally attributed (as the authors do) to Bernard Isaacs, and was essentially a mnemonic for the common clinical presentations of illness in old age. The mnemonic developed into the 4 Is Incontinence, Immobility, Instability and Intellectual impairment, does not usually include pressure sores. The development of a concept of Geriatric Clinical Syndromes is usually attributed to Sharon Inouye, and is an empirical derivation. The paragraph then brings in Kenneth Rockwoods concept of frailty associated clinical syndromes as a final common pathway representing complex system failure and the loss of high level functions such as balance, continence and cognition. Nowhere in either of these introductory paragraphs (nor anywhere else in the manuscript) is the seminal work of Linda Fried referred to drectly, and yet it is a key component of much of the controversy about the definition and measurement of frailty that is alluded to. Accordingly the connections between concepts of frailty, associated clinical syndromes, their association with key outcomes of illness in old age and hence their potential importance in the prediction of need, risk or outcomes in acute medical care are not well made.
4 Finally in the introduction an overarching hypothesis and 2 research aims are presented. The research aims are coherent and accurately reflected in the text, but to this reader the hypothesis being explored frailty syndromes are a valid measure of frailty appears to be a tautology. METHODS AND RESULTS The methods appear to be clearly described and the results are presented in a comprehensive set of tables and figures. DISCUSSION In parts the discussion is strong in that it makes the case for the strengths and weaknesses fot he approach and dataset used and sets the work in a coherent context. It appears to this reader that the key context is risk stratification for older people in acute care and that the concept of frailty is being used as a potential dimension, or determinant of acute care risk. It would be helpful if the key concepts could be more clearly delineated in the discussion: For example the authors refer to frailty scales and frailty scores and appear to use the terms interchangeably. The relationships between these two concepts and the literature data on frailty scores (such as the Rockwood frailty index, a deficit based model, or the use of the Fried criteria a physiology based model), and existing risk stratification tools are not clearly distinguished. VERSION 1 AUTHOR RESPONSE Reviewer Name: Adam Gordon; Institution and Country University of Nottingham, UK This paper describes a project to develop a frailty index which is predictive of adverse outcomes in older patients presenting to acute care. It uses the prevalence or absence of frailty syndromes as computed from numerous ICD-10 codes included in natively generated HES data and considers whether these were predictive of outcome measures (length of stay, mortality and functional dependency determined through the proxy measure of institutional-type as stratified into a tiered hierarchy) collected from the same HES database. The rationale for the study is well described. The clinical justification is evident. The analytical and statistical methods are reported in comprehensive detail. The limitations of the study that have been recognised by the authors are transparently described, as are the strengths of their approach. >>>>>>Thank you for representing our paper well The comprehensive and detailed reporting of methods results in a report which is densely written and loaded with statistical jargon. As an academic, well versed in the frailty literature and statistically literate, I found myself having to read and re-read several segments of the report to clarify what had been done and why. The core readership of the BMJ Open, which comprises doctors without advanced statistical training or topic expertise in frailty will, I suspect, struggle to an even greater extent. The authors should work with clinicians within their institution who are removed from the project to de-jargonise the report and make it accessible to a general medical readership. I think this will require extensive editing. Related to the above point, the report is peppered with column headings from the HES database which are not explained, either in the text or in an appendix glossary (I had to, for example, google "admimeth" to find out it was a column header from HES). These abbreviations should either be explained in the text or removed in full. >>>>>>>Thank you so much for your insightful comments. We have amended the text in main document to ensure clarity. The assumption that institutional type is a reasonable proxy for functional dependency is subject to some considerable debate and possibly flawed. We know, for example, from cohort and
5 epidemiological studies that the overlap in terms of functional dependency between residential and nursing homes (care homes with and without nursing) is very considerable. Further there is marked heterogeneity between the thresholds for transfer into and out of homes in the residential care sector. Thus for any two given patients with a step increase in frailty, one may continue to live in their residential home, whilst another is moved onto nursing care. The authors need to consider the correlation, or otherwise, between institutional setting and functional status if they are to mount a robust defence of this as an outcome measure (or they need a frank discussion of this in their limitations setting). Allied to the above, the rationale for the division of care settings into a five tiered hierarchy is not clear to me. Is this based upon how these data are encoded within HES? Is this empirical, if so what is the justification? Is it based upon an established hierarchy used in other studies? Some of the distinctions drawn in the hierarchy would be viewed with some degree of uncertainty by readers who work in and with the long term care sector. Why are NHS care homes a hierarchy level above privately run care homes? NHS care homes are vanishingly rare. Most NHS-funded long-term care placements are hosted within the private long-term care sector. Was the actual distinction here between those patients receiving NHS long-term care funding and those who were funded from the social care budget and privately? If so, the terminology requires some tidying up. The authors might also want to consider the variability and heterogeneity with which criteria for NHS long-term funding are applied between geographical settings (which loops back to the potential pitfalls in using venue of care as a proxy for dependency as outlined above). Further related to the above point - the term "nursing home" has a number of different connotations for international readers, as does "care home" (see recent publication by Orrell et al, which coincidentally, got the definition of a UK nursing home wrong(!) but at least serves to demonstrate the considerable heterogeneity in terminology between countries). Other terms used in the report, like "Part 3 residential accommodation" mean nothing outside of England and Wales. The authors need to unpackage these terms for international readers if their report it going to be comprehensible to people working outside of England and Wales. >>>>>>Thank you very much for your very useful comments. We have amended main document to reflect these concerns, within methodology and the limitations sections. Additionally, we have clarified definitions of care homes within main text as well. It will take a bit of work for the authors to address these concerns and I think, therefore, that they amount to major revisions. But there remains here a very valuable, high quality piece of academic work that deserves to be reported to the broadest readership. If they can address my concerns I'd be happy to provide further peer-review input to see if we can get this into BMJ Open. >>>>>Thank you, we hope to have addressed these points, and that you will consider us at peerreview Reviewer Name: Stuart Parker; Institution and Country Newcastle University, UK An interesting paper, generally well conducted and described. >>>>>Thank you for your kind comments The introduction could demonstrate a more coherent grasp of the relevant concepts related to ageing and frailty. In paragraph 1 the authors assert boldly, that the population living to a greater age is associated with increased co-morbidity and functional dependence and poorer quality of life. The latter assertion of poorer quality of life is supported by an incomplete reference to a DEFRA document, which I believe says the following in discussion of wellbeing and age Age also appeared strongly related to satisfaction with certain aspects of life. Whilst satisfaction with certain aspects of life tends to increase with age feeling part of a community, future financial security, satisfaction with other aspects decreases achieving goals, the ability to influence one s life and health. The phrase poorer quality of life does not reflect the content of the document quoted except by an abstraction to emphasise the negative, and does not reflect the broader literature evidence on the impacts of ageing and age related disease on the way in which individuals manage their expectations, and as a consequence their perceptions of their quality of life. In my view this paragraph should be revised to either reflect the content of the quoted document in a more balanced way, or otherwise re-worded to
6 remove the over-simplification about the impact of ageing on quality of life. >>>>>>>>Thank you for your insightful comments, we have amended main text to reflect a better representation of the experience of frailty within the context of older persons The 2nd and third paragraphs of the introduction try to set the scene for the development and importance of the frailty concept, but they are not yet very persuasive. In my view they could be reworked to advantage, to make a more coherent argument for the identification and measurement of frailty in the acute clinical setting and arguing why it s identification and measurement in the clinical setting / population may be of importance for the organisation and delivery of (particularly acute) health care Some detail related to this: Paragraph 2 is about assessing frailty. It conflates the notion that there is controversy about defining frailty (because there are two competing conceptual models) with the idea that there are at least two approaches to measuring frailty (derived from the two conceptual models) and the clinical intuition that measuring the presence and magnitude of frailty of an individual may be a useful component of a clinical assessment (because it may help to predict clinical need, or clinical risk). Paragraph 3 then discusses the Geriatric giants and equates them to frailty syndromes. The Geriatric Giants is a term generally attributed (as the authors do) to Bernard Isaacs, and was essentially a mnemonic for the common clinical presentations of illness in old age. The mnemonic developed into the 4 Is Incontinence, Immobility, Instability and Intellectual impairment, does not usually include pressure sores. The development of a concept of Geriatric Clinical Syndromes is usually attributed to Sharon Inouye, and is an empirical derivation. The paragraph then brings in Kenneth Rockwood s concept of frailty associated clinical syndromes as a final common pathway representing complex system failure and the loss of high level functions such as balance, continence and cognition. Nowhere in either of these introductory paragraphs (nor anywhere else in the manuscript) is the seminal work of Linda Fried referred to directly, and yet it is a key component of much of the controversy about the definition and measurement of frailty that is alluded to. Accordingly the connections between concepts of frailty, associated clinical syndromes, their association with key outcomes of illness in old age and hence their potential importance in the prediction of need, risk or outcomes in acute medical care are not well made. >>>>>Thank you for your clear and helpful comments. We have amended main text and references to reflect a more clear picture of the trajectory of research into measuring frailty. Finally in the introduction an overarching hypothesis and 2 research aims are presented. The research aims are coherent and accurately reflected in the text, but to this reader the hypothesis being explored frailty syndromes are a valid measure of frailty appears to be a tautology. >>>>>>Thank you so much for your comments. We have amended main text to reflect a clearer objective that examines frailty syndromes within the context of risk stratification in older persons in the acute care setting The methods appear to be clearly described and the results are presented in a comprehensive set of tables and figures. In parts the discussion is strong in that it makes the case for the strengths and weaknesses for the approach and dataset used and sets the work in a coherent context. >>>>Thank you for representing our paper well. It appears to this reader that the key context is risk stratification for older people in acute care and that the concept of frailty is being used as a potential dimension, or determinant of acute care risk. It would be helpful if the key concepts could be more clearly delineated in the discussion:for example the authors refer to frailty scales and frailty scores and appear to use the terms interchangeably. The relationships between these two concepts and the literature data on frailty scores (such as the Rockwood frailty index, a deficit based model, or the use of the Fried criteria a physiology based model), and existing risk stratification tools are not clearly distinguished. >>>>Thank you for very useful comments. We have included a better description of this within the
7 introduction section, and amended main body of discussion section to reflect this as well. Thank you, we hope to have addressed these points, and that you will consider us at peer-review
PEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Avinesh Pillai Department of Statistics University of Auckland New Zealand 16-Jul-2015
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Elizabeth Comino Centre fo Primary Health Care and Equity 12-Aug-2015
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Dr Andreas Xyrichis King's College London, UK 14-Jun-2015
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationModule 3: Clearer Writing
Module 3: Clearer Writing Aims of this module: To show you how the structure of an academic text is related to the structure of ideas To enable you to recognise the parts of a paragraph and their purposes
More informationAnalyzing Research Articles: A Guide for Readers and Writers 1. Sam Mathews, Ph.D. Department of Psychology The University of West Florida
Analyzing Research Articles: A Guide for Readers and Writers 1 Sam Mathews, Ph.D. Department of Psychology The University of West Florida The critical reader of a research report expects the writer to
More informationStroke rehabilitation
Costing report Stroke rehabilitation Published: June 2013 http://guidance.nice.org.uk/cg162 This costing report accompanies the clinical guideline: Stroke rehabilitation (available online at http://guidance.nice.org.uk/cg162).
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationMA Thesis Handbook AY2014-2015. Program on International Relations New York University. Fifth Floor 19 University Place New York, New York 10003
MA Thesis Handbook AY2014-2015 Program on International Relations New York University Fifth Floor 19 University Place New York, New York 10003 The thesis The thesis is the culmination of independent supervised
More informationAge-friendly principles and practices
Age-friendly principles and practices Managing older people in the health service environment Developed on behalf of the Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council (AHMAC) by the AHMAC Care of Older
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Tatyana A Shamliyan. I do not have COI. 30-May-2012
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (see an example) and are provided with free text boxes to
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationMEDICAL INNOVATION BILL
MEDICAL INNOVATION BILL 1. Introduction The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (the Academy) speaks on standards of care and medical education across the UK. By bringing together the expertise of all the
More informationCarrieri, Vicenzo University of Salerno 19-Jun-2013
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (see an example) and are provided with free text boxes to
More informationThe Way Forward: Strategic clinical networks
The Way Forward: Strategic clinical networks The Way Forward Strategic clinical networks First published: 26 July 2012 Prepared by NHS Commissioning Board, a special health authority Contents Foreword...
More informationDisabled Facilities Grant Funding via Better Care Funds An Opportunity to Improve Outcomes
Integration Briefing 1 Disabled Facilities Grant Funding via Better Care Funds An Opportunity to Improve Outcomes Purpose For whom Where To explain the changes to the provision of national government funding
More informationA Guide to Clinical Coding Audit Best Practice 2015-16
A Guide to Clinical Coding Audit Best Practice 2015-16 Authors: Clinical Classifications Service Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Purpose of Document 3 1.2 Audience 3 1.3 Background 3 1.3.1 Information Governance
More informationTuning Occupational Therapy Structures in Europe.
Tuning Occupational Therapy Structures in Europe. Sandra M. Rowan, North East Higher Skills Network and Stephanie Saenger, Hogeschool van Amsterdam Introduction This reflective piece focuses on the experiences
More informationWhat you will study on the MPH Master of Public Health (online)
Public Health Foundations Core This module builds upon the nine core competencies of Public Health Practice set out by the Faculty of Public Health UK. The English NHS will form the central empirical case
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationMaximising Quality in Residential Care Quality -improving NHS support for care home residents
My Home Life Conference RIBA, London June 22 nd 2012 Maximising Quality in Residential Care Quality -improving NHS support for care home residents Professor Finbarr Martin President, British Geriatrics
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (see an example) and are provided with free text boxes to
More informationFalls Risk Assessment: A Literature Review. The purpose of this literature review is to determine falls risk among elderly individuals and
Falls Risk Assessment: A Literature Review Purpose The purpose of this literature review is to determine falls risk among elderly individuals and identify the most common causes of falls. Also included
More informationMedical Technologies Evaluation Programme Methods guide
Issue date: April 2011 Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme Methods guide National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence MidCity Place 71 High Holborn London WC1V 6NA www.nice.org.uk National
More informationWeek 3. COM1030. Requirements Elicitation techniques. 1. Researching the business background
Aims of the lecture: 1. Introduce the issue of a systems requirements. 2. Discuss problems in establishing requirements of a system. 3. Consider some practical methods of doing this. 4. Relate the material
More information4. Proposed changes to Mental Health Nursing Pre-Registration Nursing
Developments in nurse education in England Summary BSMHFT employs 1319 registered nurses and 641 health care assistants 53% of the total workforce. BSMHFT works in partnership with Birmingham City University
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Richard Franklin James Cook University, Australia 15-Jun-2015.
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationPrimary mental health care for the elderly
Guides to specific issues 1 This issues guide is linked to the vignette Mental health needs of the elderly. From a system perspective the elderly represent another invisible population as far as the management
More informationTECHNICAL RELEASE TECH 09/14BL ACCOUNTANTS REPORTS ON COMMERCIAL PROPERTY SERVICE CHARGE ACCOUNTS
TECHNICAL RELEASE TECH 09/14BL ACCOUNTANTS REPORTS ON COMMERCIAL PROPERTY SERVICE CHARGE ACCOUNTS ABOUT ICAEW ICAEW is a professional membership organisation, supporting over 140,000 chartered accountants
More information2012/2013 Programme Specification Data. Public Relations
2012/2013 Programme Specification Data Programme Name Public Relations Programme Number Programme Award QAA Subject Benchmark Statements n/a Masters The QAA benchmarking statements for Masters of Business
More informationDoc 1.5. Course: To Err is Human. Topic: Being an effective team player. Summary
Course: To Err is Human Topic: Being an effective team player Summary Effective teamwork in health-care delivery can have an immediate and positive impact on patient safety. The importance of effective
More informationBasel Committee on Banking Supervision. Working Paper No. 17
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Working Paper No. 17 Vendor models for credit risk measurement and management Observations from a review of selected models February 2010 The Working Papers of the
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Saket Girotra University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States 04-Aug-2015
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS VERSION 1 - REVIEW. Nahyuha Chomi, Eunice United Kingdom 03-Jul-2015
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationBeyond 2011: Population Coverage Survey Field Test 2013 December 2013
Beyond 2011 Beyond 2011: Population Coverage Survey Field Test 2013 December 2013 Background The Beyond 2011 Programme in the Office for National Statistics (ONS) is currently reviewing options for taking
More informationWanless Social Care Review: Securing Good Care for Older People: Taking a Long-term View
RCN Policy Unit Policy Briefing 17/2006 Wanless Social Care Review: Securing Good Care for Older People: Taking a Long-term View ABSTRACT The Wanless Social Care Review "securing good care for older people-
More informationSix Month Pilot Analysis: Improving Rehabilitation for Men with Prostate Cancer in North East London
Six Month Pilot Analysis: Improving Rehabilitation for Men with Prostate Cancer in North East London June 2015 Helen Whitney (Physiotherapist and Prostate Cancer Project Lead) Thufayel Islam (Prostate
More informationAttributing the costs of Health and Social Care Research & Development (AcoRD)
HSC R&D Division Attributing the costs of Health and Social Care Research & Development (AcoRD) Contents Contents... 2 Purpose... 3 Background... 3 Basic Principles...4 Commercial Contract Studies...4-5
More informationThe shape of things to come
The shape of things to come Whole pathway assurance rehabilitation Major trauma Appendix 6f 2 Contents Contents...3 1 Introduction...4 2 Executive summary...4 3 Scope and context...4 4 Part A Assurance...5
More informationTo achieve this aim the specific objectives of this PhD will include:
PhD Project Proposal - Living well with dementia: a PhD programme to develop a complex intervention that integrates healthcare for people with dementia 1. Background to the study There are 800,000 people
More informationTHE STATE OF HEALTH CARE AND ADULT SOCIAL CARE IN ENGLAND 2014/15
15 October 2015 THE STATE OF HEALTH CARE AND ADULT SOCIAL CARE IN ENGLAND 2014/15 This briefing summarises today s publication of the Care Quality Commission s annual State of Health and Adult Social Care
More informationChanging health and care in West Cheshire The West Cheshire Way
Changing health and care in West Cheshire The West Cheshire Way Why does the NHS need to change? The NHS is a hugely important service to patients and is highly regarded by the public. It does however
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationAn operational framework for healthy ageing
An operational framework for healthy ageing Highercombe, Hope Valley: case study 126 residents, mostly high care generally people over 85 yrs have 5-8 chronic illnesses and frailty; may have disabilities
More informationA collaborative model for service delivery in the Emergency Department
A collaborative model for service delivery in the Emergency Department Regional Geriatric Program of Toronto, December 2009 Background Seniors over the age of 75 years now have the highest Emergency Department
More informationThe NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (NHS KSF) and the Development Review Process
The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (NHS KSF) and the Development Review Process [This is the final draft of the NHS KSF Handbook that will be used for national roll-out if implementation of Agenda
More informationDeveloping new GCSE, A level and AS qualifications for first teaching in 2016
Developing new GCSE, A level and AS qualifications for first teaching in 2016 covering: GCSE Art and design Computer science Dance Music Physical education A level and AS qualifications Ancient languages
More informationComposite performance measures in the public sector Rowena Jacobs, Maria Goddard and Peter C. Smith
Policy Discussion Briefing January 27 Composite performance measures in the public sector Rowena Jacobs, Maria Goddard and Peter C. Smith Introduction It is rare to open a newspaper or read a government
More informationNMBA Registered nurse standards for practice survey
Registered nurse standards for practice 1. Thinks critically and analyses nursing practice 2. Engages in therapeutic and professional relationships 3. Maintains fitness to practise and participates in
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationHigher National Unit specification: general information. Occupational Therapy: Core Concepts and Processes
Higher National Unit specification: general information Unit code: H18H 35 Superclass: PJ Publication date: March 2012 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 02 Unit purpose: This Unit is designed
More informationGuidelines for Seminar Papers and Final Papers (BA / MA Theses) at the Chair of Public Finance
Guidelines for Seminar Papers and Final Papers (BA / MA Theses) at the Chair of Public Finance Version: 18 August 2015 1 General Requirements 1.1 Finding a Topic (Final Papers Only) 1.1.1 Come Up With
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationAssessment of compliance with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics
Assessment of compliance with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics Statistics on Community Health in England (produced by the NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care) Assessment Report
More informationInquiry into the out-of-pocket costs in Australian healthcare
Submission to the Senate Standing Committee on Community Affairs - References Committee Inquiry into the out-of-pocket costs in Australian healthcare May 2014 Out-of-pocket costs in Australian healthcare
More informationCARDIFF UNIVERSITY PROFESSIONAL DOCTORATES REVISED CORE PRINCIPLES
1 Core principles CARDIFF UNIVERSITY PROFESSIONAL DOCTORATES REVISED CORE PRINCIPLES The following are core principles which help to define the nature of Professional Doctorates awarded by Cardiff University..1
More informationCollecting & Analyzing Interview Data
Collecting & Analyzing Interview Data A. Collecting Interview Data A. Tape Recordings and Note Taking How the interviewer is to document the contents of the interaction with the respondent is a critically
More informationTeaching and Learning Methods
Programme Specification (Postgraduate) Date amended: 1. Programme Title (EdD) 2. Awarding body or institution University of Leicester 3. a) Mode of Study part time b) Type of Study postgraduate research
More information1. To make and approve changes to the fitness to practise rules.
Council 11 September 2002 To consider 3e Fitness to Practise Rules Issue 1. To make and approve changes to the fitness to practise rules. Recommendations 2. a. To agree that the Registrar should have the
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationThe Mechanics of Assessment
Improving Teaching and Learning The Mechanics of Assessment UTDC Guidelines G3 Improving Teaching and Learning The Mechanics of Assessment 2004 Edition University Teaching Development Centre Victoria University
More informationACADEMIC POLICY FRAMEWORK
ACADEMIC POLICY FRAMEWORK Principles, Procedures and Guidance for the Development & Review of Academic Policies [V.1] Page 2 of 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. FRAMEWORK OVERVIEW... 3 2. PRINCIPLES... 4 3. PROCESS...
More informationThe diagnosis of dementia for people living in care homes. Frequently Asked Questions by GPs
The diagnosis of dementia for people living in care homes Frequently Asked Questions by GPs A discussion document jointly prepared by Maggie Keeble, GP with special interest in palliative care and older
More informationUK Quality Code for Higher Education
UK Quality Code for Higher Education Part A: Setting and Maintaining Academic Standards The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies October 2014 PART A Contents List
More informationThesis Statement Script
Thesis Statement Script This workshop has been designed for a 50-minute class, and should last no more than 45 minutes if run as efficiently as possible. In longer classes, this leaves extra time which
More informationWorking it out: Improving access to specialist Vocational Rehabilitation
Working it out: Improving access to specialist Vocational Rehabilitation A policy scoping report on Vocational Rehabilitation prescriptions January 2013 UK Office, 89 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7UQ
More informationIntermediate care and reablement
Factsheet 76 May 2015 About this factsheet This factsheet explains intermediate care, a term that includes reablement. It consists of a range of integrated services that can be offered on a short term
More informationAppendix B Data Quality Dimensions
Appendix B Data Quality Dimensions Purpose Dimensions of data quality are fundamental to understanding how to improve data. This appendix summarizes, in chronological order of publication, three foundational
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationLEVEL ECONOMICS. ECON2/Unit 2 The National Economy Mark scheme. June 2014. Version 1.0/Final
LEVEL ECONOMICS ECON2/Unit 2 The National Economy Mark scheme June 2014 Version 1.0/Final Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by
More informationDONEPEZIL, RIVASTIGMINE, GALANTAMINE AND MEMANTINE A REVIEW OF COMMENTS SUBMITTED BY CONSULTEES ON REPORT BY THE DECISION SUPPORT UNIT
DONEPEZIL, RIVASTIGMINE, GALANTAMINE AND MEMANTINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER S DISEASE: A REVIEW OF COMMENTS SUBMITTED BY CONSULTEES ON THE RELIABILITY OF ECONOMIC MODEL REPORT BY THE DECISION SUPPORT
More informationThe Royal College of Surgeons of England
The Royal College of Surgeons of England Do reduced doctors working hours create better safety for patients? assessing the evidence. From Commons opposition debate on EWTD March 10 2009: Dr. Stoate: Is
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationSubmitting a Decision Support Tool for Ratification
1.0 Introduction Submitting a Decision Support Tool for Ratification 1.1 This guidance sets out the procedure to be followed once an assessment for continuing healthcare has been submitted to NHS Sheffield
More informationAustralian Safety and Quality Framework for Health Care
Activities for the HEALTHCARE TEAM Australian Safety and Quality Framework for Health Care Putting the Framework into action: Getting started Contents Principle: Consumer centred Areas for action: 1.2
More informationAnnuity underwriting in the United Kingdom
Annuity underwriting in the United Kingdom 1. Purpose This note is for the International Actuarial Association Mortality Working Group (IAAMWG). It aims to provide an overview for an international audience,
More informationProcedures for Submission and Examination of Doctoral Degrees in University College Cork. October 2014
Procedures for Submission and Examination of Doctoral Degrees in University College Cork October 2014 1 Contents: 1. Introduction 3 2. Preparing Doctoral Theses 3 3. Submission Procedure 5 4. The Examination
More informationHow To Help The Government With A Whiplash Injury
Reducing the number and costs of whiplash claims Chartered Society of Physiotherapy Consultation response To: By email: Scott Tubbritt Ministry of Justice 102 Petty France London SW1H 9AJ whiplashcondoc@justice.gsi.gov.uk
More informationSafety Quality Efficiency Workforce Health Governance
SUMMARY REPORT Health Board ABM University Health Board Date of Meeting: 7 th November 2013 Subject NHS Funded Nursing Care Agenda item: 4 (i) Prepared by Approved by Christine Williams, Assistant Director
More informationSummary. Introduction
General discussion, Summary, Samenvatting Summary Introduction Nursing students are taught to provide client-centred, so-called holistic nursing care to patients. Taking a holistic approach means that
More informationPandemic Influenza. NHS guidance on the current and future preparedness in support of an outbreak. October 2013 Gateway reference 00560
Pandemic Influenza NHS guidance on the current and future preparedness in support of an outbreak October 2013 Gateway reference 00560 Purpose of Guidance To provide an update to EPRR Accountable Emergency
More informationNorthumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust. Council of Governors Meeting. Paper for Debate, Decision or Information: For information
Agenda item 7) Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust Council of Governors Meeting Meeting Date: Thursday 12 November 2015 Title and Author of Paper: Chief Executive s Report John Lawlor, Chief
More informationThe economic burden of obesity
The economic burden of obesity October 2010 NOO DATA SOURCES: KNOWLEDGE OF AND ATTITUDES TO HEALTHY EATING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 1 NOO is delivered by Solutions for Public Health Executive summary Estimates
More informationIAM Levels 4 and 5. Certificate in Business and Administrative Management. Qualification handbook. 2011 edition
IAM Levels 4 and 5 Certificate in Business and Administrative Management Qualification handbook 2011 edition Published by the IAM IAM 2011 Registered charity number 254807 Published 2011 All rights reserved.
More informationNICE: REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE GUIDELINE. Sue Thelwell Stroke Services Co-ordinator UHCW NHS Trust
NICE: REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE GUIDELINE Sue Thelwell Stroke Services Co-ordinator UHCW NHS Trust Content About me! NICE Rehabilitation after Stroke to include background, remit and scope, guideline
More informationSummary Strategic Plan 2014-2019
Summary Strategic Plan 2014-2019 NTWFT Summary Strategic Plan 2014-2019 1 Contents Page No. Introduction 3 The Trust 3 Market Assessment 3 The Key Factors Influencing this Strategy 4 The impact of a do
More informationCosting statement: Depression: the treatment and management of depression in adults. (update) and
Costing statement: Depression: the treatment and management of depression in adults (update) and Depression in adults with a chronic physical health problem: treatment and management Summary It has not
More informationHow to literature search
How to literature search Evidence based practice the learning cycle Our ultimate aim is to help you, as a health professional, to make good clinical decisions. This will enable you to give the best possible
More informationImproving information to support decision making: standards for better quality data
Public sector November 2007 Improving information to support decision making: standards for better quality data A framework to support improvement in data quality in the public sector Improving information
More informationThe EU role in global health QUESTIONNAIRE: Question 1 Question 2 Question 3: Question 4: Question 5:
The EU role in global health QUESTIONNAIRE: Question 1: In your opinion, does the proposed concept global health cover the most relevant dimensions? If not, which other essential factors would you suggest?
More informationCare Closer to Home. The Gateway, Middlesbrough: A New Integrated Health, Social Care & Housing Pathway
Case Study 111 Care Closer to Home. The Gateway, Middlesbrough: A New Integrated Health, Social Care & Housing Pathway This case study sets out the economic, health and social benefits of Keiro s service
More informationSerious Incident Framework 2015/16- frequently asked questions
Serious Incident Framework 2015/16- frequently asked questions NHS England INFORMATION READER BOX Directorate Medical Commissioning Operations Patients and Information Nursing Trans. & Corp. Ops. Commissioning
More informationSymposium report. The recruitment and retention of nurses in adult social care
Symposium report The recruitment and retention of nurses in adult social care Overview 1. Social care employers providing nursing care services have been raising concerns about nursing recruitment and
More informationPEER REVIEW HISTORY ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL)
PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf)
More informationSERVICE FRAMEWORK FOR OLDER PEOPLE
SERVICE FRAMEWORK FOR OLDER PEOPLE TABLE of CONTENTS SECTION STANDARD TITLE Page No Foreword 4 Summary of Standards 6 1 Introduction to Service Frameworks 36 2 The Service Framework for Older People 42
More informationSummary Paper Previous Rehabilitation Work Undertaken
Rehabilitation, Enablement and Reablement Review Summary Paper Previous Rehabilitation Work Undertaken Version no. 0.1 Status Draft Author Luke Culverwell Circulation BNSSG PCT Cluster Version Date Reviewer
More informationPolicy Statement 16/2006. Acute and Multidisciplinary Working
RCN Policy Unit Policy Statement 16/2006 Acute and Multidisciplinary Working The Royal College of Nursing of the United Kingdom and the Royal College of Physicians (London) September 2006 Royal College
More information