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1 Stone Amber Stone Mathew Arndt HLTH June 2014 Why Meditation is successful in Substance abuse treatment. Mediation paired with substance abuse treatment has been around since 1982 when the Betty Ford center opened. Similar to the Ford clinic, many rehabilitation centers teach addicts the methods of meditating to show them that they have control of their own lives and give them something to rely on instead of relapsing back into old habits. Many former addicts feel like they are getting a new high when they learn to meditate and there is good reason as I will show you in my research. Neurologists have found that the meditation actually does change the brain chemistry in many different ways. First, I wanted to find out how drugs affect your brain to compare and contrast how effective meditation can be. I focused on marijuana and alcohol to narrow my research down. 1) Marijuana-The brain has inhibitory neurotransmitters that block some chemicals from being released. Dopamine is one neurotransmitter that needs to be inhibited. Dopamine is used for reward-motivated behaviors so it cannot excrete freely. When it is time to release an anandamide comes into the cannabinoid receptor that lets the correct amount of dopamine run freely over the synapse and into dopamine receptors.

2 Stone 2 Anandamide breaks down quickly only letting so much dopamine run free. THC the active chemical in marijuana acts like the anandamide and sits into the cannabinoid receptor, inhibition is turned off and dopamine is allowed to overflow into the synapse and into the receptors. THC does not break down quickly. The anandamide is known to be involved in removing unnecessary short-term memories and slowing down movement, making us relaxed. The dopamine neurotransmitter is released by nerve cells to other nerve cells. Different types of rewards can release the dopamine levels. Dopamine also is involved in motor control and it controls the release of other hormones. Parkinson s disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are all linked to low levels of dopamine in the brain. (Center.) In one study of Yoga Nidra meditation that dopamine levels went up 65%. The report states that during the conscious state of mind of meditation suppresses the transmission of anandamide therefore releasing high levels of dopamine. (Kjaer TW) 2) Alcohol-With alcohol there is double the danger because it affect 2 parts of brain function. First, there is an inhibitory neurotransmitter is called GABA (gamma amino butyric acid). When GABA binds to its receptor the cell is less likely to fire. GABA stabilizes mood disorders. Anxiety, tension, insomnia and epilepsy are due to low levels. When alcohol enters the brain it interacts with GABA to make them more inhibitory. In other parts of the brain there is another neurotransmitter, glutamate. This neurotransmitter is a general-purpose excitatory. Alcohol binds to glutamate receptors causing the glutamate to not get excited. Alcohol affects the parts of the

3 Stone 3 brain involved in memory formation, decision making and impulse control. (Center.) There have been many studies on the effects of meditation used in the rehabilitation of those addicted to substances. In my research I was interested in finding out about the chemical changes in the brain because when my own son went to rehab he learned meditation and it has been very helpful to him. His own comments to me when I asked him about his experience- Meditation is chemical reaction close enough to the chemical compound in drugs that it s a natural high, which made me feel like I can freely be high whenever I wanted to be so I felt like I didn t need drugs anymore cause I could do it whenever I wanted. Justin Stone We only looked at 2 substances to see the comparisons and contrasts but along with those in marijuana and alcohol here are more chemical changes and more benefits of meditation * Increases Endorphins which are the body s internal pain killer. Meditation benefit-(less need for pain killers) * Boosts DHEA hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone). Relieves depression, Meditation Benefit- (Less anti-depressants prescribed) *Increases Melatonin levels. This hormone releases naturally in your body before bedtime telling it needs to go to sleep. Stress can lower levels dramatically. Meditation Benefit (Eliminate drugs for sleeping) *Boosts Serotonin levels which influence mood and behavior. Low levels linked with depression, obesity, sleep apnea, and fibromyalgia. Meditation Benefit-(Less prescribed medicines)

4 Stone 4 *Boosts you HGH (Human Growth Hormone) which stimulates all of your growth through youth. When you reach 40 years of age, the pituitary gland in the base of your brain starts to decrease the amount of HGH. Meditation Benefit-(Overall health and well-being) *Lowers Cortisol- Stress hormone, high levels and prolonged levels of this is very harmful to your overall health. Meditation Benefit-(Less stress = better well-being and overall health) (Institute) The use of meditation in drug abuse programs has been successful with many positive results. There is no research on the lasting effect but in one good example of a meditation course 60-90% of subjects still meditated up to 4 years later, and reported that the course had lasting value and was highly important. The studies are still immature and not ready to publish but early indirect evidence supports the use of meditation for substance use disorders. (Zgierska A)

5 Stone 5 WORKS CITED Center., Genetic Science Learing. "Mouse Party" Learn Genetics. 13 July Web. 26 June Institute, EOC. Eocinstitute.org. n.d. Web. 26 June Kjaer TW, Bertelsen C,Piccini P, Brooks D, Alving J, Lou HC. "Increased dopamine tone during meditation-induced change of consciousness." 13 April NCBI. (PubMed-indexed for Medline). Web. 26 June Zgierska A, Rabago D, Chawla N, Kushner K, Koehler R, Marlatt A. "Mindfulness meditation for substance use disorders: a systematic review." 30 December NCBI. Web. 26 June

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