Today s EW and Radar Applications:

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1 Today s EW and Radar Applications: whitepaper: TWP002 Claude Sweeton Sr. Sales Engineer TEVET Highlighting Solutions from Keysight Technologies, Abaco Systems, & Empower RF Systems Electronic Warfare (EW) - The ability to use the electromagnetic spectrum to sense, protect, and communicate; as well as deny the enemy the ability to either disrupt or use signals in the same spectrum. EW is divided into three primary areas: Electronic Attack (EA) The use of focused energy, typically radio waves or laser light, to confuse or disable the enemy s electronics. (EA) Jammers (EA) Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) also known as Active Phased Array Radar (APAR) (EA) Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP) Electronic Protection (EP) The ability to detect and protect electronics from the EA of the enemy and to prevent electronic jamming. (EP) Radar Warning Receivers (EP) Electronic Countermeasures Electronic Support (ES) Provides the information source and data that enables you to make tactical decisions in real-time.

2 (EA) Jamming Technologies The Boeing EA-18G Growler uses AESA to control the battle arena. AN/APG-79 AESA Active electronic beam scanning, which allows the radar beam to be steered at nearly the speed of light and provides superior air-to-air and air-to-surface capabilities. Specifications are Classified AN/ALQ-99 Intercepts, processes, and jams incoming radio transmissions. Frequency Bands coverage: VHF to Ku Output Power (newer version): 6.8 kw AN/ALQ-218 First system on the scene for real-time situational awareness to detect the enemy. Utilizing a unique combination of short, medium, and long baseline interferometer techniques with a patented passive ranging algorithm to provide geolocation of emitters for cueing jammers and other onboard sensors such as electro-optical / infrared sensors and radar. Specifications are Classified. (EP) Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) Systems Detects the radio emissions of other radar systems and then issues a warning when a radar signal may be a threat. RWR systems are capable of classifying the source of the radar signal, type of radar signal, and its location. New Helmet Mounted Display Systems - Provides pilots with unprecedented situational awareness including RWR warnings and targeting information. (EP) Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) Electronic devices designed to deceive radar, sonar, or detection systems. One such device is the AN/ALQ-184 ECM Pod. Its computercontrolled multi-beam receivers and mini-twt Amplifiers operate in both receive and transmit modes to selectively direct high power jamming against multiple emitters. The system provides instantaneous RF signal processing that is wide-open in angle and frequency. Two Versions: 2-Band (Mid/High) Output Power: 6.4kVa 3-Band (Mid/High and Low) Output Power: 9.1kVa

3 Empower RF Systems Offers proven technology and has delivered 30,000 RF Broadband GaN Amplifiers for Counter Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Systems and Counter Radio-controlled Electronic Warfare (CREW) IED Jammers at a production rate of 1,000 units per month. These RF Broadband GaN Amplifiers are: Environmentally (MIL-STD-810) compliant EMI (MIL-STD-461) compliant ITAR registered ISO 9001:2008 certified Abaco Systems (formerly GE-IP) - MAR2015- The US Air Force awarded a contract to help them define open architectures for future generations of radar processors across all platforms. This program will be carried out by Abaco s High Performance Embedded Computing (HPEC) Center of Excellence in Billerica, MA. MIL-STD-1553, ARCINC-429, Single Board Computers Anti-Tamper Technology to Guard from Cyber Threats Abaco Systems has played a vital role in helping to deliver some of the most prestigious programs in the Aerospace/Defense and National Security industry. In addition to the real-world solution described above, TEVET offers the best in-class solutions for most EW applications: > Ke ysight Technologies: World s premier Test & Measurement solutions company, DC to 110GHz > E mpower RF Systems: Global leader in RF Solid-State Broadband High Power Amplifiers, 10kHz to 6GHz / multi- kilo Watts > A baco Systems (formerly GE-IP): Embedded Systems and Single Board Computers for the Aerospace/Defense industry Radar Among the technological advantages US Military forces have employed in recent conflicts, information superiority on the battle arena stands out as a true differentiator from all other militaries Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR). One vital ISR component is radar. However, this system does have its limitations. In most cases, radar signals travel in only a straight line. In addition, their signals may be obstructed by weather or the enemy s electronic jamming devices. Range (to horizon): RNM = 1.23 with h in feet Range (beyond horizon / earth s curvature) RNM = 1.23 with h in feet

4 Natural Limitations: Line of sight Earth s curvature Weather clutter Ground clutter Shadowing, the enemy s use of natural limitations to obscure their detection flying under the radar When factoring the radar horizon equations, it is common to assume a value for the Earth s radius that is 4/3 times (or 1.23) the actual radius. This takes into account the effect of the atmosphere on radar propagation. Common Radar Systems Monostatic Radar Radar system in which the transmitter and receiver are collocated. This is the most conventional radar system deployed worldwide. Simple and least expensive radar system. Bistatic Radar Radar system that comprises a transmitter and receiver that are separated by distance. These types of radar systems are especially useful in cases where the energy reflected by the target is very low. Passive Bistatic Radar Does not transmit any RF. Instead, it utilizes RF energy already in the atmosphere from broadcast AM/FM stations. These types of tracking radar systems are hard to detect due to the lack of a RF ping from the transmitter. Commercial Applications Weather radar systems Military Applications Detecting targets using stealth technology Multi-static Radar Radar system where multiple deployed monostatic and bistatic radar components tie together to increase the coverage area. The key advantage of this type of radar system is netted coverage where multiple targets, as well as different aspects of targets, can be viewed simultaneously. These radar systems are useful when attempting to track targets which are using stealth or where there are concerns of heavy clutter and shadowing. Electronic Test & Measurement Equipment Life Sciences & Chemical Analysis Products e-commerce Catalog & B2B Solutions

5 Ground Moving Target Imaging (GMTI) Imaging radar technique that can detect movement of enemy forces in near real-time throughout a large area and in all weather conditions. Moving objects in the radar s field of view are detected by measuring their backscattered energy s Doppler shift with respect to the stationary background clutter. Endo-Clutter GMTI Slow moving target causes a small Doppler shift that might not be detected. The use of a 2nd antenna (or even multiple) will allow for interferometric (phase comparison) processing. Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) Imaging radar technique that provides mapping of static ground scenes in all weather conditions. Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of the radar system is the number of pulses that are transmitted per second. Radar systems radiate each pulse at the carrier frequency during transmit time (or Pulse Width), wait for returning echoes during listening or rest time, and then radiate the next pulse. The time between the beginning of one pulse and the start of the next pulse is called Pulse Repetition Time (PRT). PRT = 1/PRF PRTs = individual transmit/receive cycles Shift Registers PRT1 PRT2 PRT3 PRT4 PRT5 PRT6 PRT7 PRT8 Arithmetic Operation Enhanced SAR Image of a Tank

6 TEVET Real-World Solutions for Radar Applications Keysight Technologies Offers the Test & Measurement industry s leading Signal Analyzer, the Model N9040B UXA, for capturing and analyzing RF signals and pulses in radar applications. 3Hz to 50GHz RF Bandwidth (up to 1.1THz with RF Mixing) 1GHz Max Analysis BW DANL 171dBm at 1GHz TOI +22dBm at 1GHz 14.1in Capacitive Multi-touch Display / 1280 x 800 Resolution 3-year Standard Warranty Keysight Technologies Offers the Test & Measurement industry s leading High Speed Arbitrary Waveform Generator, the M8196A, so you can recreate the most complex RF signals and pulses to simulate radar applications. 92GSa/s Sample Rate 32GHz Analog Bandwidth Highest combination of speed, bandwidth, and channel density Transition times <9ps Quantum Physics & Advanced Research Generate any mathematically defined arbitrary waveform/precise pulses 3-year Standard Warranty AXIe Form-Factor M8196A offers 4-synchornized channels on 1 AXIe Module Shown in 2-slot AXIe Chassis

7 TEVET Offers Real-World Solutions for Both EW and Radar Applications Covering these RF Frequencies Band HF Frequency 3-30MHz Keysight Technologies Abaco Systems Empower RF Systems DC to 110GHz 10 khz to 6GHz VHF MHz UHF MHz L-Band 1-2GHz S-Band 2-4GHz C-Band 4-8GHz X-Band 8-12GHz Ku-Band 12-18GHz K-Band 18-27GHz Ka-Band 27-40GHz V-Band 40-75GHz W-Band GHz mmwave GHz Claude Sweeton is a Sr. Sales Engineer at TEVET, LLC. He has been with TEVET for over six years, and has over thirty eight years of combined experience in Test & Measurement. His experience began back in 1978 when he joined the US Navy; while serving he attended many technical schools including Basic Electronics & Electricity School, Advanced Electronics (A School) Radar, Calibration & Precision Metrology (PMEL) at Lowry AFB, and C-7 EE & Supervisory Level School. His primary responsibility was to maintain the advanced communications, radar, sonar, and weapons systems on SSNs and SSBNs. Upon his honorable discharge in 1986 he was hired by Texas Instruments Avionics Division (now part of Raytheon) where he provided technical support on the AGM- 88 High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM) and AN/AAQ-13 & AN/AAQ-14 LANTIRN Missile Systems, and Emitter Locating System (ELS). In addition to his experience in Aerospace & Defense he has worked at Sandia National Labs, Saudi Ordnance & Maintenance Company, Hewlett Packard, Anritsu, and Gnubi Communications (now part of EXFO). TEVET, LLC founded in 2004; today we are a premier provider electronic Test and Measurement as well as Life Sciences and Chemical Analysis instruments. We are an authorized Federal Reseller Partner for Agilent Life Sciences & Chemical Analysis, Abaco Systems, Keysight Technologies, National Instruments, Empower RF, and Astronics. SAM Registered / Cage Code 34SR4 ISO 9001:2008 and AS9120 Certified SDVOSB and HUBZone Certified