ON THE WAY TOWARDS ZERO ACCIDENTS
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1 VOLVO TRUCKS. DRIVING PROGRESS ON THE WAY TOWARDS ZERO ACCIDENTS Volvo Trucks and Traffic Safety RSP English. Printed in Sweden.
2 An automobile conveys and is driven by people. The fundamental principle of all design work is, and must be, safety. Volvos founders Assar Gabrielsson and Gustaf Larson THERE IS ONLY ONE ACCEPTABLE NUMBER OF INJURIES AND DEATHS IN THE TRAFFIC ZERO Our vision means that no Volvo truck is to be involved in a traffic accident. 2 The interplay between driver, truck and the surrounding traffic is at the heart of our world-leading safety approach as we strive towards an accident-free future. In order to reach this vision new technology is required, extended interplay between the vehicles and the surrounding traffic situation and a more uncompromising attitude towards traffic accidents. All told there are about 1.2 million road accidents the world over every year. In other words, more than 3,000 people are killed every day on roads throughout the world. That equals ten full passenger aeroplanes. However, since zero accidents is an established requirement in the aviation industry, the world would react with an enormous amount of criticism if ten passenger aeroplanes crashed in one day. It is this attitude that no accident is ever acceptable that we must implement with regard to road safety too. Leaders in safety For us this approach is perfectly natural. Safety is deeply rooted at Volvo Trucks. It is part of our heritage and our corporate culture. Our aim is to be the leaders in safety in our industry. This is a process that encompasses much more than merely developing some of the world s safest trucks. We are also a driving force in national, regional and global cooperative projects designed to make road traffic safer. Read more about our safety work at 3
3 THE ROAD, THE VEHICLE AND THE HUMAN FACTOR. Traffic accidents are often caused by a number of interacting factors. The human factor plays a decisive role in nine out of ten accidents. Volvo s comprehensive research shows that the human factor plays a decisive role in nine out of ten accidents. In roughly one-third of all accidents, it is the traffic environment or the condition of the roads that is one of the causes. In ten percent of all cases, a fault with the vehicle is one of the contributory factors. Heavy vehicles are involved in relatively few accidents considering the number of such vehicles on the roads and the large amounts of transportation they carry out. But when a truck accident does occur, the consequences are often serious. Volvo s own accident research from 1969 onwards Volvo Trucks own department for accident research, ART (Accident Research Team) was established as early as in Over the years our experts have examined more than 1,500 accidents and the data from this research has been collected in a database. No other truck manufacturer has a database as comprehensive as we do. All this knowledge goes straight into the development of our new products. On this basis we have defined four main areas prioritized to help us achieve our vision of zero accidents as effectively as possible. The issue with tired drivers The role of alcohol in accidents The effect of speed on safety The use of seat belts 4 5
4 THERE IS A LITTLE BIT OF VOLVO IN EVERY TRUCK. Six out of ten truck drivers who are injured or killed in the traffic would have suffered less severe injuries or no injuries whatsoever if they had used a seat belt. Volvo invented the three-point seat belt in Volvo Trucks has long been the industry leader when it comes to developing technologies that help protect those involved in an accident. It was Volvo that invented the three-point seat belt in It is an ingenious solution that saves more lives on the road than any other safety feature. Not only has it been fitted as a standard feature in our trucks for many years now but today the three-point seat belt is an absolute requirement in all trucks and cars. So, one could say that there is a little bit of Volvo in every vehicle, irrespective of make and model. Only one hundred percent will do The consequences are often devastating if the seat belt is not given the chance to perform its life-saving duty. Our accident research shows that six out of ten truck drivers injured or killed on the roads would have suffered lighter injuries or walked away entirely unscathed if they had been using their seat belts. A study conducted by the Swedish Transport Administration leads to even more dramatic conclusions: of the 20 unrestrained truck drivers killed in Sweden between 2005 and 2009, 19 would have survived if they had been using their seat belts. The figure for seat belt usage is on the rise. However, in spite of this, the average in the EU is not even as high as 50 percent. We, at Volvo Trucks, will not be fully satisfied until all commercial vehicle drivers make proper use of their best and most easily accessible life insurance system; the seat belt. The safest place for the truck driver Seat belts and belt reminders are standard in all our trucks. With a structure made of high-strength steel and an energy-absorbing interior, the Volvo cab is one of the safest places for a truck driver to be. Half of all those who are injured or killed in accidents involving trucks are drivers and passengers in cars. In order to minimise the consequences of a head-on collision between a car and truck, we introduced front underrun protection in our trucks as early as in A solution that seven years later became a legal requirement throughout the EU. 6 7
5 ALERT, RELAXED AND ATTENTIVE WITH A TRUCK THAT OFFERS YOU A HELPING HAND. We participate in research projects in which our trucks are equipped with systems and cameras that register every second of the vehicle s progress. The aim is to study in detail all the situations that may lead to accidents. A tired and distracted driver is a danger both to him/herself and to others. Tiredness is by far the most common cause of single-vehicle accidents involving trucks. Even the most skilled drivers face dangerous situations that are difficult to handle without assistance. Our challenge is to create a working environment that gives the driver better scope for driving with full concentration and alertness and which helps avoid accidents in emergency situations. In order to build up increased know-how about the interplay between the driver and the truck, we partici- pate in a variety of projects, including a pan-european research study entitled EuroFOT (Field Operation Test). About 30 Volvo trucks have each been fitted with experimental technology and five cameras that register every aspect of each journey. The aim is to study in detail all situations that might lead to accidents and to verify that the truck s safety systems function as intended. Focus on tiredness and distraction As regards active safety technology that helps the driver avoid accidents we have focused on developing systems that prevent the occurrence of the two most common causes of accidents: tiredness and distraction. Adaptive Cruise Control. Cruise control that automatically maintains a safe distance between one s own vehicle and the vehicle ahead. Driver Alert Support uses a camera that registers the vehicle s position in relation to the road markings. If the vehicle s progress is perceived as erratic, the driver is alerted via an audible signal and a text message. If the pattern is repeated, the driver is alerted and recommended to stop and take a break. Electronic Stability Program. This is activated in situations where the driver may risk losing control of the vehicle. As of 2009 ESP is available not only for tractors but also for rigids with multiple trailers. Lane Changing Support is an extra eye that uses a radar sensor to help the truck driver register if there is another vehicle in the blind zone on the passenger side. Lane Keeping Support warns the driver if the vehicle crosses the road markings without having used the indicators. Static Cornering Lights improve safety when taking curves in the dark. They are automatically activated together with the indicators on the relevant side at speeds below 30 km/h. Rain sensor which monitors how heavy it rains and automatically adjusts the windscreen wipers to increase safe driving in bad weather. 8 9
6 ALCOHOL DOES NOT BELONG IN THE TRAFFIC. Alcohol is involved in as many as one-third of all fatal traffic accidents. Volvo Trucks was the first manufacturer to offer factory-fitted alcolocks. In increasing numbers of countries, it is socially unacceptable to get behind the wheel after drinking even very modest amounts of alcohol. Even very small amounts of alcohol have a negative effect on one s driving ability. In spite of this, our roads are by no means free from drivers under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Alcohol is involved in as many as one third of all fatal road accidents. All available statistics show that professional drivers account for a marginal proportion of the total number of drunken drivers on the road. However, since accidents involving heavy vehicles often lead to major consequences, every drunk driver is one too many. This is why the issue of alcohol is an important challenge on the way towards zero accidents. First on the market with alcolocks In 2005, Volvo Trucks was the first truck manufacturer to factory-fit alcolocks in trucks. This device prevents the engine from starting up until the driver passes a sobriety test by blowing into the mouthpiece of the equipment and an increasing number of our customers now regard the alcolock as an important tool in guaranteeing high quality. As of 2006 we have offered ferry operators transporting trucks to and from Sweden free breathalyser equipment on board their vessels. We also participate in various pan-european information projects such as the European Transport Safety Council s (ETSC) Safe & Sober campaign
7 THE RIGHT SPEED MEANS SAFER DRIVING - AND SAVES BOTH TIME AND MONEY Volvo discovers the three-point belt Safety tests of truck cabs begin Volvo Trucks Accident Research Team (ART) is formed Introduction of Volvo Trucks safety cab, tested as per Swedish cab durability norms and in accordance with Volvo s unique barrier test Two world innovations: energy-absorbing steering wheel and three-point inertia reel seat belt with electronic locking New generation of braking systems with anti-lock brakes (ABS). An increase in speed from 80 km/h to 90 km/h on a 100 kilometer long journey will save you eight minutes. At the same time, the trucks braking distance will increase by 20 percent even with perfect road conditions. There are a number of new studies that indicate that keeping a steady lower speed saves time and Studies show that steady, smooth driving at the permitted speed reduces the risk of accidents. This prevents both personal injuries and a loss of income should the truck have to be at a standstill at the garage for repairs. There is a strong link between speed and safety. money, due to less speed fluctuations resulting in a considerably reduced fuel consumption At the same time, there is a lesser risk of having an accident, which apart from causing personal injuries, also leads to a loss of income if the truck has to be at a standstill at the garage for repairs. Training leads to safety-conscious drivers In 2009 new legislation for driver training within the EU was introduced in which safety is included as an important area. As early as in 2008, Volvo was giving safety courses equivalent to the EU requirements, which were only introduced a year later. A well-trained driver experiences less stress and this helps reduce the risk of accidents and also helps cut the cost of injuries, damage and repairs. The training focuses on various issues including the benefits of maintaining a suitable speed, the importance of using a seat belt and other basic safety issues Start of the Volvo Traffic Safety Programme in Brazil to increase public awareness of traffic safety New generation of safety cabs with frames made of high-strength steel and injury-preventive interior fittings Airbag introduced as an option. In combination with the seat belt, the airbag further improves injurypreventive safety FUPS (Front Underrun Protection System). A front underrun beam that reduces the risk of injury to other road users Electronically controlled disc brakes (EBS). Dramatically improves the vital interplay between the truck s and the trailer s brakes
8 VEHICLES OF THE FUTURE WILL TALK TO ONE ANOTHER. - BUT NO TECHNOLOGY CAN REPLACE THE DRIVER Technology can never take over the full responsibility for driving. That role is, and will continue to be, the task of the skilled, well-trained professional driver. What is the next major step on the road to an accident-free traffic environment? Tomorrow s vehicles will be able to communicate with one another. In order to avoid accidents entirely, it is necessary for vehicles on the road to communicate with one another and the surrounding environment at the speed of lightning. This paves the way in the long term for technology, whereby, for instance, two oncoming vehicles can talk to one another and automatically avoid a head-on collision should the drivers not react in time. Highly intelligent systems This type of technology requires an enormous measure of reliability and it is therefore essential to have an open and constructive interaction between vehicle manufacturers and society at large. One of the major challenges here is to agree upon a standardised language for communication between vehicles and infrastructure. Volvo Trucks participates actively in the development of these highly intelligent systems. Our task is to make the technology accessible and convenient to use so that it really does make life easier for the driver behind the wheel. However, technology can never take over the responsibility for driving. That role is, and will continue to be, the task of the skilled, well-trained professional driver Electronic Stability Program (ESP) reduces the risk of skidding and rolling over. New, energy-absorbing front underrun protection Alcolock introduced as an option Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). Cruise control that ensures the truck maintains a safe distance to the vehicle ahead Red seat belts as an option. Volvo Safety Truck, a concept truck featuring a number of accident-prevention safety solutions Volvo Trucks is the first truck maker to offer a factory-fitted alcolock as an option Seat belt reminder with a clearly audible signal. Volvo Enhanced Safety Technology (VEST) introduced as standard on the Volvo VN in tractor configuration Lane Keeping Support (LKS) is introduced. The system monitors the truck s position on the road and alerts the driver if the vehicle unintentionally wanders across the road Driver Alert Support (DAS) is introduced. This system registers the vehicle s position in relation to the road markings. If progress is interpreted as erratic, the driver is alerted via an audible signal and a text message. Lane Changing Support (LCS) is an extra eye that uses a radar sensor to help the truck driver watch out for vehicles in the offset rear blind spot Development of Electronic Stability Program (ESP) which is now available on tractors as well as on rigids with trailers
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