How To Extend The Frescor Distributed Transaction Manager (Dtm) With A Multi-Node Transaction Manager

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1 Managing Transactions in Flexible Distributed Real-Time Systems Daniel Sangorrín Michael González Harbour Héctor Pérez Tijero J. Javier Gutiérrez Computers and Real-Time Group, University of Cantabria Granted by the European Commission (IFP6/2005/IST/ , FRESCOR) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (TIN C03-03, RT-MODEL) 15th International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies Ada-Europe June 2010, Valencia, Spain GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 1

2 Background: FRESCOR Framework for Real-time Embedded Systems based on COntRacts Application developer - Which are my requirements? System - Can those requirements be guaranteed? - Integrates Real-Time theory in the system - Built-in scheduling techniques - Handle overload in a safe way - Manages a variety of schedulable resources - Focus on CPUs and networks - Distributes spare capacity to maximize quality Contract-based scheduling - Contracts represent a certain resource reservation GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 2

3 Background: FRESCOR (cont d) Contract Application Requirements Application Contract Application Requirements Contract Mapping of application requirements for a given resource FRESCOR Scheduler Vres Copy of contract Consumed resources OS resources Negotiation Vres Copy of contract Consumed resources OS resources Local admission test Checks for available resources Keeps guarantees on previous contracts negotiated by other apps Virtual resource Run-time representation of a contract Operating System GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 3

4 Background: Real-Time Situation Event-driven transactional model: Transaction = end-to-end flow in the OMG MARTE specification Transaction Activity External Event Activity Activity Multicast Internal Event Activity Event Handler Event Handler Event Handler Event Handlers Activities: code to execute by tasks in the processors or messages sent through the networks GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 4

5 Background: Distribution Middleware PolyORB: The interoperable middleware by AdaCore that enables the communication between different distribution models. Previous work adapted this middleware to support: Real-Time OS: MaRTE OS Real-Time network protocols: RTEP and FRSH-FNA Different scheduling policies: FP, EDF and Flexible scheduling GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 5

6 Objectives Create a mechanism to extend the negotiation capabilities of FRESCOR Distributed Transaction Manager (DTM) - Negotiation of distributed transactions - Remote negotiation of contracts - Management of the results Integration of this mechanism within a distribution middleware Increasing portability Hidding distribution details - Through the use of distribution standards GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 6

7 Distributed Transaction Manager invocation App thread App thread App. thread Protocol 1 network 1 Protocol 1 App thread App thread App. thread DTM agent Msg. Fragmentation FRSH network 2 Protocol 2 Protocol 2 DTM data data FNA FNA FRSH Msg. Fragmentation DTM DTM agent logical link Distributed application requiring: - One DTM agent per node - Management of the negotiation messages - Data structures for the negotiation process - Fragmentation layer GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 7

8 Distributed Transaction Manager (cont d) DTM also requires: - Bidirectional communication with a Routing Service ROUTER Heterogeneous Transaction RECEIVER Homogeneous Transaction CAN CLIENT rtep CAN SERVER can task network node transaction SENDER GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 8

9 DTM Services GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 9

10 DTM Implementation Development of two different implementations: 1. Stand-alone - Direct use of FRESCOR services - Communications through message passing mechanism 2. Integrated within middleware - Full support for the transactional model GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 10

11 Stand-alone architecture DTM Multithreaded App thread App thread App. thread local reply local reply local reply request queue Manager thread DTM agent DTM Manager -Management and negotiation of transactions Acceptor thread-1 Acceptor thread-2 Acceptor threads -Checking & Handling -Routing messages may be replaced by middleware data flow network 1 recv endpoint network 1 addr 1 send endpoint network 1 addr 2 send endpoint network 2 recv endpoint network 2 addr 3 send endpoint Endpoints Send & Receive messages GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 11

12 DTM Implementation Development of two different implementations: 1. Stand-alone - Direct use of FRESCOR services - Communications through message passing mechanism 2. Integrated within middleware - Full support for the transactional model GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 12

13 Transactional model support in MW Two schedulable entities - RPC Handlers for the processing nodes - Endpoints for the networks GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 13

14 DTM: Middleware Integration Benefits of integrating the DTM with distribution middleware: Simplicity of the DTM application itself - Avoid unnecessary complexity in the management of communication-related data Easing the initialization process - Discovery of DTM Agents performed internally Replacement of the Acceptor threads - Same services provided by RPC Handler tasks Fragmentation service - Most distribution standards implicitly integrate it Full support for the transactional model - Internal management of all transaction-related details GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 14

15 DTM support for the transactional model Automatic deployment of the new accepted transaction Creation of handlers and endpoints to enable the communication Extension of the DTM application with: - Management of the all transaction details - Contract-related parameters - Flow associated to the new transaction - Choice of unused Event_Ids - Decentralized architecture increases the complexity of this operation - Choice of unused ports - To receive messages from the new transaction - Information to share with the nodes involved in the transaction GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 15

16 Implementing the DTM over PolyORB The DTM application is distributed using CORBA standard DTM services are described through IDL - Definition of asynchronous remote operations and DTM messages Routing Service - Performed internally within GIOP protocol Framentation layer Initialization Service - Through CORBA Naming Service GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 16

17 Evaluation of DTM performance Evaluation of the time required to negotiate a distributed transaction using middleware: - Hardware platform - Software platform - 2 to 4 embedded nodes - GNAT GPL Mhz - MaRTE OS v Mbps Ethernet - PolyORB v 2.4 extended - Negotiation of 10 independent asynchronous transactions - one contract per CPU - one contract per network link Num. of Nodes Max (μs) Avg (μs) Min (μs) Std. deviation Two nodes Three nodes Four nodes GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 17

18 Conclusions The Distributed Transaction Manager (DTM) extends FRESCOR capabilities allowing: Dynamic admission of new application components through: - Remote negotiation and renegotiation of contracts - Consistent management of the results Two different implementations have been partially developed as a proof of concepts: Stand-alone DTM using FRESCOR services - Communications through message passing mechanism Integrated within middleware - Full support for the transactional or end-to-end flows model GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 18

19 Questions? GRUPO DE COMPUTADORES Y TIEMPO REAL Héctor Pérez Tijero 19

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