Workplace Safety and Health Report Jan-Jun 2012

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1 Workplace Safety and Health Report Jan-Jun 2012 Issued by the Workplace Safety and Health Institute

2 CONTENTS Notations and List of Tables Key Facts Overview Workplace Fatal Injuries Major Injuries Minor Injuries Occupational Diseases Annex A - Source of Data Annex B - Data Coverage Annex C - Concepts & Definitions

3 NOTATIONS - : Nil or negligible n.a. : Not applicable/not available p : Preliminary * : Estimated rates. The employment data excludes self-employed persons FY : Full Year LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Number of Workplace Injuries and Occupational Diseases, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.2: Workplace Injury Rate and Occupational Disease Incidence Rate, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.3: Accident Frequency Rate in Selected Sectors, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.4: Accident Severity Rate in Selected Sectors, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.5: Number of Man-days Lost To Workplace Incidents in Selected Sectors, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.6: Number of Workplace Fatal Injuries by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.7: Workplace Fatal Injury Rate by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.8: Number of Workplace Fatal Injuries by Type of Incident Jan Jun 2012 (Jan Jun 2011) Table 1.9: Number of Major Injuries by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.10: Major Injury Rates by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.11: Types of Major Injury, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.12: Number of Major Injuries by Key Incident Types and Key Incident Agents, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.13: Number of Minor Injuries by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.14: Minor Injury Rates by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.15: Top 3 Incident Types For Minor Injuries by Industry, 2012 Table 1.16: Number of Minor Injuries by Key Incident Types and Key Incident Agents, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.17: Number of Confirmed Occupational Diseases by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.18: Occupational Disease Incidence Rate by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Table 1.19: Types of Confirmed Occupational Diseases, 2011 and 2012

4 KEY FACTS The key facts for the WSH performance in Singapore pertaining to the period of January to June 2012 are: Workplace Injuries (includes fatal injuries) 5,273 (4,778) reportable workplace injuries were notified under the Workplace Safety and Health (Incident Reporting) Regulations 265,057 (281,413) man-days were lost due to work incidents, an accident severity rate of 83 (92) man-days lost per million man-hours worked 1.6 (1.5) incidents occurred at work for every million man-hours worked (i.e. accident frequency rate). 26 (31) workers lost their life at work, indicating a Jan to Jun half yearly rate of 1.0 per 100,000 employed persons. 246 (253) workers sustained major injuries at their workplaces, indicating a Jan to Jun half yearly rate of 9.4 (10.0) per 100,000 employed persons. 5,001 (4494) workers sustained minor injuries, indicating a Jan to Jun half yearly rate of 191 (178) per 100,000 employed persons. Occupational Diseases 603 (360) occupational diseases (OD) were confirmed this year, an incidence rate of 23.0 (14.3) per 100,000 employed persons. *Figures in parenthesis refer to workplace injuries number and rates in 2011 (Jan-Jun).

5 OVERVIEW For the first half of 2012, the preliminary WSH statistics showed that the overall number of workplace injuries 1 (including fatal injuries) reported 2 increased by 10% compared to the same period last year (Table 1.1). The number of major injuries 3 marginally decreased to 246 in the first half of 2012, compared to 253 cases in the first half of However, minor injury cases, which formed the bulk of the workplace injuries, saw an increase of 11%, from 4494 cases in the first half of 2011 to 5001 in There were 26 workplace fatal injuries from Jan to Jun 2012, down from 31 in the same period last year (Table 1.1). Fatal Injury rate at the half-year mark of 2012 was 1.0 death per 100,000 employed persons per 6 months, down from 1.2 in 2011 (Table 1.2). For occupational diseases (OD) 4, the number of cases confirmed was 603 in the first half of 2012, up from 360 in the same period last year (Table 1.1). As of end June 2012, the OD incidence was 23.0 confirmed cases per 100,000 employed persons, compared to 14.3 in the previous year. This was mainly due to an increase in the number of noise induced deafness (NID) cases. Table 1.1: Number of Workplace Injuries and Occupational Diseases, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Workplace Injuries 5,273 4,778 10,121 Fatal injuries Major Injuries Minor Injuries 5,001 4,494 9,504 Occupational Diseases p : 2012 figures are preliminary 1 A workplace injury is any personal injury or death resulting from a workplace accident. Please refer to the annex for the types of workplace injuries covered. 2 A requirement under the WSH (Incident Reporting) Regulations Major Injuries refer to non-fatal injuries which are more severe in nature. They are defined using a combination of factors, including the nature of injury, part of body injured, accident type and duration of medical leave. 4 An occupational disease is a disease contracted as a result of an exposure to risk factors arising from work.

6 Table 1.2: Workplace Injury Rate and Occupational Disease Incidence Rate, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 Overall Workplace Injury Rate Fatal injuries Major Injuries Minor Injuries Occupational Diseases Incidence Rate Figures are expressed as per 100,000 employed persons 2012 p : 2012 figures are preliminary The accident frequency rate 5 (AFR), which measures how often workplace incidents occurred, was 1.6 incidents per million man-hours worked in Jan to June 2012, up from 1.5 in the corresponding period in 2011 (Table 1.3). Only Landscape and maintenance service activities and Accommodation & food services sector saw a decrease in their AFR. 5 Accident Frequency Rate (AFR) = No. of Workplace Accidents Reported x 1,000,000 No. of Man-hours Worked

7 Table 1.3: Accident Frequency Rate in Selected Sectors, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June p 2011 (FY) All Sectors Construction Marine Manufacturing Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and transport Accommodation & food services Landscape care and maintenance service activities* Health activities* Figures are expressed as per million man-hours worked. (2012 p : 2012 figures are preliminary) * Estimated rates. The employment data excludes self-employed persons. The overall accident severity rate 9 (ASR) for the first half of 2012 saw a marginal decrease as compared to last year (Table 1.4). 6 The industry statistics in this report is based on SSIC 2010 while 2011 published statistics is based on SSIC Hence, statistics may differ and may not be strictly comparable. 7 The marine sector includes the following activities (including work at the anchorage): Shipbuilding and ship repair Marine surveying services (other than classification societies) Salvaging of distressed vessels and cargo 8 The logistics and transport sector includes the following activities: Storage and warehousing Supporting services to land transport (excludes car management services) Supporting services to water transport (exclude marine surveying services, salvaging distressed boats & cargo) Supporting services to air transport 9 Accident Severity Rate (ASR) = No. of Man Days Lost To Workplace Accidents x 1,000, 000 No. of Man-hours Worked

8 Table 1.4: Accident Severity Rate in Selected Sectors, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Sectors Construction Marine Manufacturing Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and transport Accommodation & food services Landscape care and maintenance service activities* Health activities* Figures are expressed as man-days lost per million man-hours worked p : 2012 figures are preliminary * Estimated rates. The employment data excludes self-employed persons. There was a slight decrease of 265,057 man-days lost due to work incidents as compared to the same period last year (Table 1.5). Majority of the sub-sectors saw an increase in the number of man-days lost but all the three traditional higher risk sectors had shown a decrease, as compared to the same period last year i.e. construction from 91,333 to 76,933, marine from 49,063 to 21,493 and manufacturing from 62,118 to 58,485.

9 Table 1.5: Number of Man-days Lost To Workplace Incidents 10 in Selected Sectors, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Sectors 265, , ,275 Construction 76,933 91, ,370 Marine 21,493 49,063 72,170 Manufacturing 58,485 62, ,908 Water supply, sewerage and waste management 6, ,976 Logistics and transport 28,402 17,202 45,601 Accommodation & food services 11,719 5,245 11,013 Landscape care and maintenance service activities* Health activities 2,087 1,264 2, p : 2012 figures are preliminary 10 According to the U.S National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) s table of scheduled charges, a fatal injury is equivalent to a loss of 6,000 man days. The Ministry of Manpower adopts a similar coding schedule.

10 WORKPLACE FATAL INJURIES There were 26 workplace fatal injuries in the first half of 2012, a 16% decrease from 31 fatalities in the same period last year. By Sector The Construction sector saw a decrease in the number of fatal injuries. There were 9 fatal injuries in the first half of 2012, an improvement from 12 such cases in the same period last year (Table 1.6). In terms of workplace fatal injury rate, the sector saw a reduction from 3.2 per 100,000 employed persons per 6 months as at end June 2011 to 2.2 as at end June 2012 (Table 1.7). The Marine sector saw a halving in its fatality numbers and fatal injury rate compared to the same period last year. There were 3 fatal injuries in the first half of 2012, compared to 7 for the same period last year (Table 1.6). The fatal injuries rate had reduced from 6.9 per 100,000 employed persons per 6 months (as at end June 2011) to 2.8 as at end June 2012 (Table 1.7). Manufacturing also saw a decrease in its fatal injuries number and rate. The sector reported 5 fatal injuries as at end June 2012, down from 6 for the same period last year. The fatal injury rate for this sector reduced from 1.4 per 100,000 employed persons per 6 months in 2011 to 1.2 in 2012 as at end June The Metalworking sub-sector had 2 fatal injuries as at end June 2012, unchanged from The remaining 3 cases were from the Manufacturing of food, beverages & tobacco products and other manufacturing sectors. There was an increase in the number of fatal injuries for the Logistics and Transport sector. It had increased to 4 fatalities as compared to 2 for the same period last year. This translates to a higher fatal injury rate of 4.8 per 100,000 employed persons per 6 months as of end June 2012, up from 2.5 in Accommodation and Food Services sector which did not have any fatalities in 2011 registered 1 fatal injury as at end of June 2012, pushing its fatal injury rate to 0.5 per 100,000 employed persons per 6 months. Other sectors which had fatalities in 2012 included Business Support Activities, Telecommunications and Advertising 11. All Veterinary, Health activities and Landscaping sectors had no fatal injuries in the first half of 2012, same as the corresponding period last year. 11 Includes creating and placing of outdoor advertising (e.g. billboards, panels, bulletins and frames, window dressing, showroom design, car and bus carding etc).

11 Table 1.6: Number of Workplace Fatal Injuries by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Sectors (30) 61 (58) Construction (21) Marine 3 7 (6) 10(8) Manufacturing Manufacture of petrochemical products Metalworking Manufacture of furniture Manufacture of food, beverages & tobacco products Other manufacturing industries Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and transport Accommodation & food services Veterinary activities Landscape care and maintenance service activities* Health activities Telecommunications Advertising Business Support Activities Land Transport Towing Services Architectural & Engineering Services Other Sectors p : 2012 figures are preliminary Figures in parenthesis refer to the number of fatal incidents.

12 Table 1.7: Workplace Fatal Injury Rate by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2012 p 2011 All Sectors Construction Marine Manufacturing Manufacture of petrochemical products Metalworking Manufacture of furniture Manufacture of food, beverages & tobacco products Other manufacturing industries - - Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and transport Accommodation & food services Veterinary activities 0 0 Landscape care and maintenance service activities* 0 0 Health activities 0 0 Telecommunications Advertising n.a. 0 Business Support Activities n.a. 0 Land Transport Towing Services 0 n.a. Architectural & Engineering Services Figures indicates per 100,000 employed persons 2012 p : 2012 figures are preliminary

13 By Accident type Falls from heights 12 continued to be the leading incident type for fatal injuries, with 5 workplace deaths in the first half of This is an improvement from the 9 deaths in the preceding year (Table 1.8). The fall-related deaths occurred in the Manufacturing, Logistics & Transport, Marine, Construction, Business Support Activities, Telecommunications and Advertising sectors. Crane related deaths continued to be a concern with 3 fatal injuries in the first half of 2012, compared to two cases in the same period last year (Table 1.8). In the first half of 2012, there were 2 SBMO fatal injuries; 1 from Construction sector and 1 from the Water Supply, Sewerage and Waste Management sector. For the same period last year, there were 5 such fatal injuries reported, including 2 cases each from Construction and one each from the Marine, Land Transport and Towing Services sectors. 12 Falls from height includes fall from roof, fall from mobile work platform, fall from scaffold, fall from ladder, fall from structure and fall into depths.

14 Table 1.8: Number of Workplace Fatal Injuries by Type of Incident, Jan Jun 2012 p (Jan Jun 2011) All Sectors Construction Manufacturing Food Products Metalworking Other Manufacturing Marine Others Business Support Activities Telecommunications Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management Logistics and Transport Accommodation & Food Services Advertising Architectural & Engineering Services Land Transport Towing Services Total 26 (31) 9 (12) 5 (6) 2(0) 2(2) 1(4) 3 (7) 9 (6) 1(0) 1(0) 1(0) 4(2) 1(0) 1(0) 0(1) 0(2) 0(1) Caught In/Between Objects 2 (2) 2 (1) 2(0) 0(1) 0 (1) Collapse/Failure of Structure & Equipment Collapse of formwork/failure of its supports (DO) 1 (2) 1 (1) 0 (1) 0(1) 0 (1) 0 (1) Crane-related 3 (2) 1 (1) 1 (0) 1(0) 0 (1) 1 (0) 1 (0) Collapse of crane 1 (1) 1 (0) 0 (1) Electrocution 1 (1) 1 (1) Falls 8 (14) 2 (5) 1 (3) 0(1) 1(2) 1 (2) 4 (4) 1(0) 1(0) 1(2) 1(0) 0(1) 0(1) Falls from Heights 5 (9) 1 (4) 0 (3) 0(1) 0(2) 1 (1) 3 (1) 1(0) 1(0) 0(1) 1(0) Slips, Trips & Falls 13 3 (5) 1 (1) 1 (0) 1(0) 0 (1) 1 (3) 1(1) 0(1) 0(1) Fires and Explosion 2 (2) 1 (0) 1(0) 0 (2) 1 (0) 1(0) Drowning 2 (0) 2 (0) Other Incident Types 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0(1) 1 (0) 1(0) Struck by Falling Objects From Heights 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (0) 1(0) Struck by Moving Objects 2 (5) 1 (2) 0 (1) 1 (2) 1(0) 0(1) 0(1) Cave-in of Excavation 2 (0) 2 (0) 13 Slips, Trips & Falls includes fall from stairs/steps, fall from vehicles, fall from other locations, fall from machines, slips and trips.

15 MAJOR INJURIES Major Injuries refer to non-fatal injuries which are more severe in nature. Major injuries are defined using a combination of factors, including the nature of injury, part of body injured, accident type and duration of medical leave. These include: amputation blindness deafness paralysis crushing, fractures and dislocations: head, back, chest and abdomen, neck, hip and pelvis electric shock acute illness requiring medical treatment or loss of consciousness from exposure to chemical and/or biological agents asphyxia/drowning hypothermia/burns with more than 20 days of medical leave hyperthermia concussion with more than 20 days of medical leave 246 workers sustained major injuries in the first half of 2012 (9.4 cases per 100,000 employed persons), a slight decrease from the 253 cases (10.0 cases per 100,000 employed persons) for the same period last year (Table 1.9). 35,938 man-days were lost as a result of such incidents. Crushing, Fractures and Dislocations were the leading types of injury, accounting for 59% of all major injuries. This is followed by Amputations where 57 workers suffered from complete loss or loss of use of any member/part of a member of the injured person s body. This was an increase from the 48 cases in the same period in 2011 (Table 1.11). By Sector The three traditional higher risk sectors accounted for 138 (or more than 56%) of the major injuries reported. Construction accounted for 76 (31%) major injuries in the first half of 2012, up from 67 (27%) in the same period last year. Manufacturing also saw 7 more cases as compared to the same period last year, primarily contributed by Metalworking and Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco. Marine and Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management saw a drop in the number of reported major injuries, with 8 major injuries reported in the first half of 2012, down from 14 in 2011 and with 0 major injuries reported in the first half of 2012, down from 2 in 2011 respectively. For the remaining sectors, many of them saw a reduction in the number of major injuries as at end June 2012 except for Real Estate Services. This sector saw a significant increase, from 2 in Jan-Jun of 2011 to 11 in the same period this year (Table 1.9).

16 Table 1.9: Number of Major Injuries by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Sectors Construction Marine Manufacturing Metalworking Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco Products Manufacture of Furniture Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and Transport Accommodation & Food Services Health activities Other sectors Real Estate Services Wholesale & Retail Trade Community, Social & Personal Services Professional Services # Administrative & Support Services~ p : 2012 figures are preliminary # This includes the Veterinary activities sector. ~ This includes the Landscape care and maintenance service activities sector.

17 Table 1.10: Major Injury Rates by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Sectors Construction Marine Manufacturing Metalworking Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco Products Manufacture of Furniture Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and Transport Accommodation & Food Services Health activities* Other sectors Real Estate Services Wholesale & Retail Trade Community, Social & Personal Services Professional Services # Administrative & Support Services* ~ p : 2012 figures are preliminary # This includes the Veterinary activities sector. ~This includes the Landscape care and maintenance service activities sector. * Estimated rates. The employment data excludes self-employed persons.

18 Table 1.11: Types of Major Injury, 2011 and 2012 Major Injury Types As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 Total Crushing, Fractures and Dislocations Amputations Hypothermia / Burns, with more than 20 MC days Multiple Injuries Electric Shock Concussion +>20 MC days Paralysis Hyperthermia Blindness Others p : 2012 figures are preliminary By Incident Type and Agents The top three incident types, accounting for 60% of all major injury cases were (Table 1.12): Slips, Trips and Falls (71 cases, 28.8%) Falls from heights (43 cases, 17.4%) Caught In/Between Objects (34 cases, 13.8%) In the first half of 2012, for both the Slips, Trips and Falls and Falls from Heights, the top incident agent associated with these major injuries was Physical Workplaces (i.e. floor/level surfaces, structures, formwork and roofs). Besides Physical Workplaces and Means of Access, slightly less than a quarter (21%) of major injuries was due to Industrial Machines and Metal Items.

19 Table 1.12: Number of Major Injuries by Key Incident Types and Key Incident Agents, 2011 and 2012 As at end of June 2011 Type of Incident Key Incident Agents (FY) Total Total Physical Workplace - Floor/ Level Slips, Trips and Surfaces Falls Means of Access Stairs or Steps Moving Vehicles Total Falls from Physical Workplace Structures Heights Means of Access Ladders Lifting Equipment including Cranes Caught In / Between Objects Struck by Falling Objects Struck by Moving Objects Exposure to Electric Current Exposure to Extreme Temperatures Cut or Stabbed by Objects Strike against Objects Exposure to Hazardous Substances Total Industrial Machines Lifting Equipment Including Cranes Moving Vehicles Total Metal items Lifting Equipment Including Cranes Physical Workplace Total Moving Vehicles Industrial Machines Lifting Equipment including Cranes Total Electrical Installation Total Hot scalding liquid/steam Total Industrial Machines Saws Industrial Hand Tools (electrical and non-electrical) Total Metal Items Total Dusts, Gas, Liquids and Chemicals 3 3 5

20 MINOR INJURIES Minor injuries include all other reportable workplace injuries that did not result in death or major injuries. The first half of 2012 saw a rise of 11% in minor injuries as compared to the same period last year (Table 1.13). 47% of all minor injuries were from the construction, marine and manufacturing sectors. All these 3 sectors registered higher number of minor injuries as compared to the same period last year, with Construction reporting a slight increase of 4% while Marine and Manufacturing recorded much higher increases of 34% and 44% respectively. The Logistics and Transport sector recorded a 6% increase from 226 injuries in 2011 to 240 in The Accommodation and Food Services sector also had an increase in minor injuries, from 386 cases in 2011 to 403 in 2012, a 4% increase. Against a generally increasing trend, 2 sectors had reported less minor injuries in the first half of These are: Wholesale and Retail Trade (7% reduction or 20 cases) and Administrative & Support Services (31% reduction or 63 cases).

21 Table 1.13: Number of Minor Injuries by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Sectors 5,001 4,494 9,504 Construction ,718 Marine Manufacturing 1, ,153 Metalworking Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco products Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and transport Accommodation & food services Health activities Other Sectors 1,821 1,848 3,735 Wholesale and retail trade Professional Services # Other Services Activities Administrative and support service activities~ p : 2012 figures are preliminary # This includes the Veterinary activities sector. ~ This includes the Landscape care and maintenance service activities sector.

22 Table 1.14: Minor Injury Rates by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Sectors Construction Marine Manufacturing Metalworking Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco products Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and transport Accommodation & food services Health activities* Other Sectors Wholesale and retail trade Professional Services # Other Service Activities Administrative and support service activities*~ p : 2012 figures are preliminary # This includes the Veterinary activities sector. ~ This includes the Landscape care and maintenance service activities sector. * Estimated rates. The employment data excludes self-employed persons.

23 The top three incident types that accounted for 56.3% of all minor injuries as at end Jun 2012 were (Table 1.15): Slips, Trips and Falls 22.8% Struck by Moving Objects 20.8% Struck by Falling Objects 12.7% For all sectors, Slips, Trips and Falls (STF) ranked as the top incident type in the first half of Similar to the trend witnessed in 2011, Slips, Trips and Falls continued to plague many of the new sectors covered under the Workplace Safety and Health Act since September This included the Wholesale & Retail Trade, Professional Services, Other Service Activities and Administrative & Support Service Activities. For the three traditionally higher risk sectors 14 however, Struck by Moving Objects (SBMO) was the main incident type. The second highest contributor to minor injuries in both Construction and Marine Sectors was Struck by Falling Objects (SBFO). In terms of incident agents (Table 1.16), Industrial Hand Tools, Industrial Machines, and Metal Items accounted for 29% of all the minor injuries. 14 This refers to construction, marine and manufacturing.

24 Table 1.15: Top 3 Incident Types For Minor Injuries by Industry, 2012 Industry Top 3 Incident Types 1 st 2 nd 3 rd All Sectors STF SBMO SBFO Construction SBMO SBFO STF Marine SBMO SBFO CBO Manufacturing SBMO STF SBFO Metalworking SBMO SBFO CBO Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco products CSO STF SBMO Water supply, sewerage and waste management STF SBMO CBO/ SBFO Logistics and transport STF SBMO SBFO Accommodation & food services CSO STF EET Health activities STF SBMO/ PA OESM Other Sectors Legend: Wholesale and retail trade STF SBMO/ CSO SBFO Professional Services # STF SBMO SBFO Other Service Activities STF SBMO CBO Administrative and support service activities~ STF SBMO SBFO CBO : Caught In/Between Objects FFH : Falls from Height SBFO : Struck by Falling Objects CSO : Cut/Stabbed by Objects EET: Exposure to Extreme Temperature OESM : Over-exertion and Strenuous Movements STF : Slips, Trips and Falls SBMO: Struck by Moving Objects PA: Others - Physical Assault 2012 p : 2012 figures are preliminary # This includes the Veterinary activities sector. ~ This includes the Landscape care and maintenance service activities sector.

25 Table 1.16: Number of Minor Injuries by Key Incident Types and Key Incident Agents, 2011 and 2012 Type of Incident Key Incident Agents As at end of June 2011 (FY) Total 4,599 4,114 8,685 Total 1,143 1,100 2,294 Total Physical Workplace - Floor/ Level Slips, ,069 Surfaces Trips and Means of Access - Stairs or Steps Falls Moving Vehicles Total 1, ,716 Industrial Hand Tools (electrical and nonelectrical) Struck by Moving Industrial Machines Objects Metal Items Total ,131 Struck by Metal Items Falling Objects Goods/ Cargo Furniture and Fittings Cut or Stabbed by Objects Caught In / Between Objects Total ,350 Knives and Needles Industrial Hand Tools (electrical and nonelectrical) Metal Items Total Industrial Machines Metal Items Moving Vehicles Total Goods/ Cargo Human Factors Over- Exertion and Strenuous Movement Falls from Heights Strike against Objects Furniture and Fittings Total Means of Access Ladders Physical Workplace Structures Means of Access Scaffold Total Metal Items Furniture and Fittings

26 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 603 cases of occupational diseases (OD) were confirmed in the first half of 2012, up from 360 for the same period last year (Table 1.17). By sector Manufacturing sector continued to record the highest number of OD cases, making up 51% of total ODs, up from 39% of cases as at end June % of the ODs confirmed in this sector were from the Metalworking and Transport Equipment sub-sectors. The overall OD incidence stood at 23.0 cases per 100,000 employed persons per 6 months, compared to 14.3 cases as at end-june last year. The Electricity, Gas & Air Conditioning Supply sector posted the highest incidence rate of OD cases (340.9 per 100,000 employed persons per 6 months). This is followed by Manufacture of Transport Equipment sub-sector and the Metalworking sub-sector, with an incidence rate of and per 100,000 employed persons respectively. (Table 1.18) provides the detailed sectoral breakdown of the OD incidence rate.

27 Table 1.17: Number of Confirmed Occupational Diseases by Industry, 2011 and 2012 As at end of Industry June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Sectors Construction Marine Manufacturing Metalworking Manufacture of transport equipment Manufacture of petrochemical products Manufacture of electronic, computer & optical Products Manufacture of Paper / Rubber / Plastic Products & Printing Manufacture of food, beverages & tobacco products Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and transport Accommodation & food services Veterinary activities Landscape care and maintenance service activities* Health activities Other Sectors Architectural & Engineering Services Repair and maintenance of motor vehicles Electricity, Gas & Air-Conditioning Supply p : 2012 figures are preliminary

28 Table 1.18: Occupational Disease Incidence Rate by Industry, 2011 and 2012 Industry As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 All Sectors Construction Marine Manufacturing Metalworking Manufacture of transport equipment Manufacture of petrochemical products Manufacture of electronic, computer & optical Products Manufacture of Paper / Rubber / Plastic Products & Printing Manufacture of food, beverages & tobacco products Water supply, sewerage and waste management Logistics and transport Accommodation & food services Veterinary activities Landscape care and maintenance service activities* Health activities* Architectural & Engineering Services Repair and maintenance of motor vehicles* Electricity, Gas & Air-Conditioning Supply Figures shown are per 100,000 employed persons 2012p: 2012 figures are preliminary * Estimated Rates. The employment data excludes self-employed persons.

29 Noise-Induced Deafness and Occupational Skin Disease were the most common types of ODs confirmed (Table 1.19). Noise-induced Deafness (NID) continued to be the leading OD in Singapore, making up 89% of the ODs confirmed (Table 1.19). All but 6 of the NID cases were detected at the early stage of the disease, indicating that majority could benefit from early intervention measures. The increase in the number of NID cases detected at their early stages shows that there is now greater awareness of excessive noise as a health hazard by employers and workers. This has led to increased early identification of cases by designated workplace doctors through medical surveillance 15. Occupational skin diseases, ranked a distant second with 25 cases, saw a marginal drop compared to the 27 cases confirmed during the same Jan Jun period in Medical surveillance of specific occupational diseases is a requirement under the WSH (Medical Examinations) Regulations. For more information, please check the MOM website at

30 Table 1.19: Types of Confirmed Occupational Diseases, 2011 and 2012 Occupational Diseases As at end of June 2011 (FY) 2012 p 2011 Total Noise-induced deafness (NID) Early stage Advanced stage Occupational skin diseases Work-related musculoskeletal disorders Occupational lung diseases Excessive absorption of chemicals Compressed air illness Mesothelioma Barotrauma Chemical poisoning Others p : 2012 figures are preliminary

31 Annex A SOURCE OF DATA Data on workplace injuries and occupational diseases were collated from incident reports made by employers, occupiers and medical practitioners in the fulfilment of their obligations under the Workplace Safety and Health Act and Workplace Safety and Health (Incident Reporting) Regulations. Employment data used in the computation of workplace fatal and injury rates and data of the average weekly hours worked used in the estimation of man-hours worked were extracted from records within the Ministry of Manpower.

32 Annex B DATA COVERAGE The types of workplace injuries and occupational diseases covered in the reported statistics include the following: Workplace injuries sustained by employees and resulting in more than three consecutive days of medical leave; Workplace injuries sustained by employees and resulting in at least 24 hours of hospitalisation; Workplace incidents resulting in the death of employees, self-employed persons and persons not at work; Workplace incidents resulting in the injury of self-employed persons and persons not at work who have to be taken to the hospital for treatment; and Occupational diseases listed in the Third Schedule of the Workplace Safety and Health Act and Work Injury Compensation Act.

33 Annex C CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS Incident Type refers to the type of event which resulted in the injury of a victim. Where the event involves a chain of incidents, the incident type should be the one that triggered the chain of other incidents. Incident Agent refers to the object or physical environment, which due to its hazardous nature/condition, leads to the occurrence of a particular type of incident. It is related to the incident, not injury.

34 COPYRIGHT NOTICE Brief extracts from the report may be reproduced for non-commercial use, provided the source is acknowledged. Request for extensive reproduction should be made to: Executive Director Workplace Safety and Health Institute Ministry of Manpower 1500 Bendemeer Road #04-01 Ministry of Manpower Service Centre Singapore Republic of Singapore Fax: (65)

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