ALL LIVES HAVE EQUAL VALUE An Introduction to Financial Services for the Poor. Janine Firpo, Deputy Director September 2015

Transcription

1 ALL LIVES HAVE EQUAL VALUE An Introduction to Financial Services for the Poor Janine Firpo, Deputy Director September 2015

2 BMGF Global Reach and Presence US $40 B Asset Trust Endowment Seattle Europe and Middle East Office Washington, D.C. Nigeria Ethiopia India China 1, active grantees US $3.6B 2013 grant payments South Africa ~1,200 Employees worldwide Trustees Bill & Melinda Gates, Warren Buffett Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 2

3 GLOBAL HEALTH Discovery & Translational Services Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases HIV Malaria Neglected Infectious Diseases Pneumonia Tuberculosis GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT Agricultural Development Emergency Response Family Planning Financial Services for the Poor Global Libraries Integrated Delivery Maternal, Newborn & Child Health Nutrition Polio Vaccine Delivery Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Reinvent the Toilet U.S. PROGRAM College-Ready Education Postsecondary Success Washington State Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 3

4 The Gates Foundation believes that EVERYONE BENEFITS from an economy that includes everyone. Yet today BILLIONS ARE EXCLUDED from a formal economy. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 4

5 Why Digital? 5 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 5

6 Key observations The economics of traditional transactions don t work at scale - for providers or the poor Payments are a universal need for all people, including the poor Digital channels are much less expensive than alternatives The design of digital payment systems the decisions made upfront determine the cost The economics and other barriers require a new, digital financial system that is inclusive & sustainable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 6

7 Our Objectives To help poor people move out of poverty and stay out of poverty, we seek to: Generate economy-wide efficiencies by digitally connecting all people to the financial system Reduce the amount of time and money that poor people spend to conduct f inancial transactions Increase poor people s capacity to smooth cash flows, weather financial shocks and capture incomegenerating opportunities Focus countries: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania, Uganda Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 7

8 Stages of Market Development Tanzania Basic Connectivity 1 Indonesia Enabling Environment Enabling regulations that support poor people to open accounts and providers to outsource distribution, and to protect users Nigeria India 2 Pakistan Digital Payment Platform Poor people adopt and use low-cost digital systems for P2P and basic transfers. Bangladesh Uganda 3 Digital Payment Ecosystem Poor people get money, spend money, and conduct a majority of financial transactions digitally, including proximity payments. 4 High Impact Digital Financial Services Poor people adopt and use digital to move out of poverty and stay out of poverty Critical mass of mobile coverage and penetration amongst rural poor Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 8

9 FSP is Organized Across 4 Initiatives Enabling Environment Enabling Environment Level One Project Level One Project Ecosystems Digital and Ecosystems Services and Services Research Research and Emerging Technology and Emerging Technology Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 9

10 The Level One Project Enabling Environment Enabling Environment Level One Project Level One Project Ecosystems Digital and Ecosystems Services and Services Research Research and Emerging Technology and Emerging Technology Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 10

11 The Level One Project Framework Lower Income Consumers Agents Small Payees (Merchants, Schools, Clinics) Digital Financial Service Providers Account Opening Service Consumer Account Mgmt. National Digital Financial Service System Interoperability Service for Transfers Fraud and Risk Management Service Agent and Merchant Account Management Digital Financial Service Providers Account Opening Service Consumer Account Mgmt. Lower Income Consumers Agents Small Payees (Merchants, Schools, Clinics) Higher Income Consumers Higher Income Consumers Large Payees (merchants, utilities, hospitals) Large Payers (Governments, NGOs, Employers) Retail and Commercial Banks Card Networks ACH RTGS Central Bank Retail, Commercial and Settlement Banks Large Payees (merchants, utilities, hospitals) Large Payers (Governments, NGOs, Employers) Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 11

12 The Level One Project Design Principles 1 - Open-loop interoperability between providers 2 - Immediate funds transfer and same day settlement 3 - A push payments model - Adherence to well-defined and adopted international standard and open application program 4 interfaces (APIs) 5 - Adequate system-wide shared fraud and security protection 6 - Efficient and proportional identity and know-your-customer (KYC) requirements 7 - System level transaction irrevocability Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 12

13 Digital Ecosystems and Services Enabling Environment Enabling Environment Level One Project Level One Project Ecosystems Digital and Ecosystems Services and Services Research Research and Emerging Technology and Emerging Technology Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 13

14 Four Pillars of Next Generation DFS Strategy Inclusive Growth Enabling Environment Ecosystem Development Level One Project High Impact Digital Financial Services Ecosystems and Services Usage and Impact Metrics Research and Emerging Technology Drive growth of existing digital financial services by combining the best of human-centered design with data-driven growth analytics to the entire customer experience Catalyze the development of key ecosystem building blocks that pave the way for a wide portfolio of digital financial products for our target consumers Explore the digital financial services that deliver positive impact at the household level and have the potential to achieve significant scale Develop metrics that move beyond access to adoption, usage, and impact Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 14

15 Thanks to the rapid rise of DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS and the ubiquity of MOBILE TECHNOLOGY WE HAVE THE POWER to change this inequality. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 15

16 ACTA Model a range of models can make money Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 16

17 THANK YOU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 16