STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH MANUFACTURED SAND AS REPLACEMENT TO NATURAL SAND

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 6, Issue 8, Aug 215, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_6_8_4 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH MANUFACTURED SAND AS REPLACEMENT TO NATURAL SAND Yajurved Reddy M Post-graduate Student, (BE+ME) Dept. of Civil Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, INDIA D.V. Swetha Post-graduate Student, (BE+ME) Dept. of Civil Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, INDIA S. K. Dhani Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, INDIA ABSTRACT In the present investigation workability, strength and durability of concrete with manufactured sand as replacement to natural sand in proportions of %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% is studied. The experiments were conducted on M 2 and M 3 concrete grade with 45 specimens. Slump cone, compaction factor and vee-bee time tests were conducted to determine workability. Results showed that as replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand is increased, there is a decrease in the workability. Compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength tests were conducted to determine strength of concrete. The 6% replacement showed an increase in strength of about 2% and other replacements to an order of minimum.93% in both the grades. The durability study is conducted by treating specimens for 3 days with 5% concentrated Hydro Chloric Acid and the concrete mix with 6% replacement has given good durable properties. Key words: Manufactured, Natural, Durability. Cite this Article: Yajurved Reddy M, D.V. Swetha and S. K. Dhani. Study on Properties of Concrete with Manufactured as Replacement to Natural. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 6(8), 215, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 Yajurved Reddy M, D.V. Swetha and S. K. Dhani 1. INTRODUCTION Concrete is made with natural sand as fine aggregate. Scarcity of natural sand due to depletion of natural resources and restrictions due to environmental considerations made concrete manufacturers to look for suitable alternative fine aggregate. One such alternative is Manufactured. Manufactured sand is the quarry dust or the crushed granite stone that is sieved and made to suite particle size of natural sand so as to be used as fine aggregate. It is also called as M-sand. There is an increase in the use of manufactured sand in the field of concrete construction due to the lack and scarcity of natural sand. So there is a need to determine the workability, strength and durability properties of concrete using manufactured sand as fine aggregate. The study on the strength characteristics of concrete made with high fine material a comparison between natural and crushed sands is studied by B.P Hudson. Ilangovanaet al studied the feasibility of the usage of Manufactured sand as hundred percent substitute for natural sand in concrete. Nagabhushana and Sharadabai studied the properties of mortar and concrete in which crushed rock powder (CRP) is used as a partial and full replacement for natural sand. Rajendra Prasad D.S. et al his research was conducted to study the effect of crushed rock powder (CRP) as fine aggregate and partial replacement of cement with admixtures subjected to different water, carbon dioxide and air curing periods. Raman et al in his paper reports the experimental study undertaken to investigate the influence of partial replacement of sand with quarry dust, and cement with fly ash on the concrete compressive strength development. Saeed Ahmad investigated the effects of crushed and natural sand on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The hardened and durable properties of concrete using quarry dust were investigated by SivaKumar and prakash. Veerareddy has made an attempt to assess the suitability of stone dust and ceramic scrap in concrete making. Venumalagavelli has investigated the effect of partial replacement of cement with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag and sand with Robos and (crusher dust). Durability of concrete is an important aspect when we are using a new material in concrete production. When hydrochloric acid and hydrated cement phases react, the chemicals formed are some soluble and insoluble salts. Soluble salts, mostly with calcium, are subsequently leached out, whereas insoluble salts along with amorphous hydrogels, remain in the corroded layer of concrete. Besides dissolution, the interaction between hydrogels may also result in the formation of compounds like silicates of iron, aluminum and calcium (Fe-Si, Al-Si, Ca-Al-Si) complexes which appear to be stable in ph range above 3.5. Ca(OH) 2 + 2HCl CaCl 2 + 2H 2 O The reaction essentially causes leaching of Ca (OH) 2 from the set cement. After leaching out of Ca (OH) 2, C-S-H and ettringite start to decompose, with release of Ca 2+ to counteract the loss in Ca(OH) 2 and the set cement starts to disintegrate accelerating the dissolution. Ca 6 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (OH) 12.26H 2 O 3Ca 2+ +2[Al(OH) 4 ] - +4OH - +26H 2 O 3Ca 2+ +2[Al(OH) 4 ] - +4OH - +12HCL 3CaCl2 + 2ALCL H 2 O There are few indications through experiments about the formation of Friedel s salt, C 3 A.CaCl 2.1H 2 O, by the action of CaCl 2, formed due to reaction of HCL with CH and C 3 A. Hydrochloric acid attack is a typical acidic corrosion which can be characterized by the formation of layer structure. 3 editor@iaeme.com

3 Study On Properties of Concrete with Manufactured as Replacement To Natural 2. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE The objectives of the present investigation are to conduct feasibility study on concrete made with manufactured sand as fine aggregate. To evaluate the work ability characteristics in terms of slump, compaction factor and vee-bee time with addition of manufactured sand as replacement to natural sand (-1%). To evaluate the percentage of admixture that should be added to get the required slump of 4mm-8mm. To evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, Flexural strength at 3, 7 and28daysby replacing natural sand in proportions of %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1%. To evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, Flexural strength of concrete when treated with hydrochloric acid. 3. MATERIALS Ordinary portland cement of 43 gradeis used confirming to IS: Crushed granite metal (graded) with 2 mm to a proportion of 6% and 1 mm to a proportion of 4% is used as coarse aggregate which is tested according to IS: Part 1 to VIII. River sand according to IS: confirming to zone II is used as fine aggregate. Manufactured sand confirming to Zone II as per IS: is used. Hydrochloric acid of 5% concentration and Ph-2 is used to treat concrete specimens. Potable fresh water free from concentration of acid or organic substances is used. Fosrocconplast SP 43 is used as admixture. Table 1 Properties of Cement S.No Property Value 1 Specific Gravity Fineness of Cement by sieving 4% 3 Normal Consistency 32% 4 Initial Setting time 95 minutes Final setting time 234 minutes 5 3 days compressive strength 7 days compressive strength 28 days compressive strength Table-2 Properties of Coarse Aggregate 25.3 N/mm N/mm N/mm 2 S.No Property Values 1 Specific Gravity Density 1691 kg/m 3 3 Water Absorption.9 % 4 Flakiness Index % 5 Elongation Index % 6 Crushing value % 7 Impact Value 15.4 % 8 Fineness Modulus editor@iaeme.com

4 Yajurved Reddy M, D.V. Swetha and S. K. Dhani Table 3 Properties of Fine aggregate (River sand) S.No Property Value 1 Grading of Zone II as per IS Specific Gravity Density 1671 kg/m 3 4 Water absorption 1.51 % 5 Fineness Modulus Fines 1 % Table-4 Properties of Fine aggregate (Manufactured sand) S.No Property Value 1 Grading of Zone II as per IS Specific Gravity Density compacted 1791 Kg/m 3 4 Water absorption 2.26% 5 Fineness Modulus Fines 6% All the materials used were locally available in and around Visakhapatnam, India. Manufactured sand is transported in wet condition to avoid grading. Table-1 shows the properties of cement which are within the allowable limits. From Table-2, it can be stated that the properties of coarse aggregate satisfy the standards. Table-3 and Table-4 gives the properties of natural river sand and manufactured sand.from these results we can infer that the natural sand and manufactured sand confirms to same zone but having different fineness modulus, high for manufactured sand and may yield more strength. The water absorption of manufactured sand is high due to more fine particles and may lead to low workable mix. The manufactured sand is angular in shape and natural sand is rounded. 4. MIX DESIGN The mix design is done according to IS: The proportions adopted for M 2 grade is 1:1.85:4.2 with a w/c of.5 and cement content of 33kgs. The proportions adopted for M 3 grade is 1:1.51:3.6 with a w/c of.45 and cement content of 42kgs. A total of five mixes for each grade is adopted i.e., M 2 with % M-sand, M 2 with 2% M-sand, M 2 with 4% M-sand, M 2 with 6% M-sand, M 2 with 1% M-sand, for M 3 grade M 3 with % M-sand, M 3 with 2% M-sand, M 3 with 4% M-sand, M 3 with 6% M-sand, M 3 with 1% M-sand were used. 5. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION The workability of green concrete is determined by slump cone, compaction factor and vee-bee time tests, as these tests are suitable for low workable mixes also. While casting the specimens only the workability is measured, if any mix does not have required slump of 4-8mm then the mix would be made again with plasticizer. The tests were conducted on both M 2 and M 3 grade concrete. In accordance with workability the percentage of admixture required for low workable mixes to make their slump reach 4-8mm is also determined. Table 5 and 6 determines the workability properties of different proportions of natural sand replaced by manufactures sand editor@iaeme.com

5 Study On Properties of Concrete with Manufactured as Replacement To Natural Mix Table 5 Workability Characteristics of M 2 Grade Concrete Slump (mm) Compaction Factor Vee-Bee Time(Sec) Percentage of Admixture Required For Slump (4-8mm) (By the weight of cement) % % % % % Mix Table-6 Workability Characteristics of M 3 Grade Concrete Slump (mm) Compaction Factor Vee-Bee Time(Sec) Percentage of Admixture Required For Slump (4-8mm) (By the weight of cement) M3 with % M3 with 2% M3 with 4% M3 with 6% M3 with 1% Compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of M 2 and M 3 grade concrete is determined by conducting the tests on cubes of size 15X15X15 mm, cylinders of 1mm diameter and 3mm length, prisms of 1X1X5 mm. The tests were conducted according to IS: The results were tabulated in tables 7 and 8. Test at Day Table 7 Strength Characteristics of M 2 Grade Concrete With different proportions of manufactured sand % 2% M- 4% M- 6% M- Compressive Strength (N/mm 2 ) 1% M Split Tensile Strength (N/mm 2 ) Flexural Strength (N/mm 2 ) editor@iaeme.com

6 Yajurved Reddy M, D.V. Swetha and S. K. Dhani Test at Day Table 8 Strength Characteristics of M 3 Grade Concrete With different proportions of manufactured sand % 2% M- 4% M- 6% M- 1% M- Compressive Strength (N/mm 2 ) Split Tensile Strength (N/mm 2 ) Flexural Strength (N/mm 2 ) For durability study the cubes, cylinders, prisms which are cured in water for 28 days are immersed in acid for 3 days and tested. The strength is compared with 28 days strength of water cured specimens. Testing Table 9 Strength characteristics of Acid Treated M 2 Grade specimens % M- 2% M- 4% M- 6% M- 1% M- Compressive Strength (N/mm 2 ) 28 days Acid treated Split Tensile Strength (N/mm 2 ) 28 days Acid treated Flexural Strength (N/mm 2 ) 28 days Acid treated Testing Table 1 Strength characteristics of Acid Treated M3 Grade specimens % M- 2% M- 4% M- 6% M- 1% M- Compressive Strength (N/mm 2 ) 28 days Acid treated Split Tensile Strength (N/mm 2 ) 28 days Acid treated Flexural Strength (N/mm 2 ) 28 days Acid treated editor@iaeme.com

7 Study On Properties of Concrete with Manufactured as Replacement To Natural Figure 1 compaction factor test Figure 2 vee bee time apparatus Figure 3 acid treatment of specimens 35 editor@iaeme.com

8 Yajurved Reddy M, D.V. Swetha and S. K. Dhani Figure 4 acid treated specimens 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The slump, compaction factor is decreasing and vee-bee time is increasing as the percentage of replacement of natural sand by manufactured sandis increasing. The percentage of admixture required for making the mixes to a slump of 4mm to 8mm is also increasing as the percentage of replacement of natural sand by manufactured sandis increasing. The Compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strengths has showed increase in strength when the natural sand is replaced by manufactured sand. The 28 day compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of M 2 and M 3 for all the mixes were shown in the graphs below M2 M3 1 % 2% 4% 6% 1% Figure 5 compressive strength of M 2 and M 3 grade concrete with replacements From figure-5 we can infer that the increase in compressive strength for M 2 grade concrete is %, 7.3%, 1.17%, 2%, 14.42% and M 3 grade is %,.67%, 3.66%, 1.45%, 4.9% respectively for %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand editor@iaeme.com

9 Study On Properties of Concrete with Manufactured as Replacement To Natural % 2% 4% 6% M2 M3 1% Figure 6 Split tensile strength of M 2 and M 3 grade concrete with replacements From figure-6 we can infer that the increase in split tensile strength for M 2 grade concrete is %, 6.14%, 7.16%, 25.4%, 18.56% and M 3 grade is %, 2.35%, 9.42%, 15.82%, 15.48% respectively for %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand % 2% 4% 6% M2 M3 1% Figure 7 Flexural strength of M 2 and M 3 grade concrete with replacements From figure-7 we can infer that the increase in split tensile strength for M 2 grade concrete is %, 2.94%, 6.22%, 18.11%, 1.89% and M 3 grade is %,.93%, 6.39%, 15.8%, 12.36% respectively for %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand. From the results it is clearly evident that 6% replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand has given good strength compared to all other replacements. The increase in strength is high in every M 2 grade mix because the mix is aggregate dominant where as M 3 grade is mortar dominant. The Compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strengths were decreasing when the acid treated specimens were tested. The strength of acid treated specimens is compared with 28 day strengths of M 2 and M 3 grade mixes for all the mixes were shown in the graphs below editor@iaeme.com

10 Yajurved Reddy M, D.V. Swetha and S. K. Dhani 6 28 day strength 5 4 acid treated strength % 2% 4% 6% 1% Figure 8 compressive strength of M 2 concrete with replacements From figure-8 we can infer that the decrease in compressive strength for M 2 grade concrete is 8.7%, 7.38%, 3.94%, 4.44%, 6.21% respectively for %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand day strength acid treated strength % 2% 4% 6% 1% Figure 9 split tensile strength of M 2 grade concrete with replacements From figure-9 we can infer that the decrease in split tensile strength for M 2 grade concrete is 9.71%, 7.45%, 5.62%, 4.8%, 4.51% respectively for %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand editor@iaeme.com

11 Study On Properties of Concrete with Manufactured as Replacement To Natural day strength acid treated strength % 2% 4% 6% 1% Figure 1 Flexural strength of M 2 grade concrete with replacements From figure-1 we can infer that the decrease in compressive strength for M 2 grade concrete is 12.45%, 11.26%, 9.12%, 9.15%, 7.95% respectively for %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand. From the results it is evident that6% replacement of manufactured sand with natural sand has given good resistance to acid treatment for all the mixes of M 2 grade. 28 day strength 6 5 acid treated strength % 2% 4% 6% 1% Figure 11 compressive strength of M 3 grade concrete with replacements From figure-11 we can infer that the decrease in compressive strength for M 3 grade concrete is 8.18%, 7.19%, 7.18%, 6.66%, 5.71% respectively for %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand editor@iaeme.com

12 Yajurved Reddy M, D.V. Swetha and S. K. Dhani day strength acid treated strength % 2% 4% 6% 1% Figure 12 split tensile strength of M 3 grade concrete with replacements From figure-12 we can infer that the decrease in split tensile strength for M 3 grade concrete is 27.94%, 25.32%, 24.3%, 13.66%, 14.88% respectively for %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand day strength acid treated strength % 2% 4% 6% 1% Figure 13 Flexural strength of M 3 grade concrete with replacements From figure-13 we can infer that the decrease in compressive strength for M 2 grade concrete is 21.4%, 21.2%, 22.39%, 14.59%, 15.32% respectively for %, 2%, 4%, 6% and 1% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand. From the results it is evident that6% replacement of manufactured sand with natural sand has given good resistance to acid treatment for all the mixes of M 3 grade. 4 editor@iaeme.com

13 Study On Properties of Concrete with Manufactured as Replacement To Natural 7. CONCLUSIONS Results were analyzed to derive useful conclusions regarding the workability, strength, durability, characteristics of concrete with replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand in different proportions for M2 and M3 grades. The following conclusions may be drawn from the study The manufactured sand is a best alternative for natural sand in terms of strength and durability. Manufactured sand yields mixes with low work ability as the particle shape is angular and it can be compensated by adding admixtures to the mix. The 6% replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand yielded good compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength for M 2 and M 3 grade concrete compared to other proportions of mixes. The 6% replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand has shown good resistance to acid treatment in compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength for M 2 and M 3 grade concrete compared to other proportions of mixes. 8. NOTATIONS Fe iron Ca calcium Al aluminum Si silicon HCL hydrochloric acid CaCl 2 Calcium chloride Ca (OH) 2 calcium hydroxide C-S-H Calcium Silicate Hydrates [Al (OH) 4 ] - - Tetrahydroxyaluminate ion REFERENCES [1] Hudson, B. P., Manufactured for concrete, The Indian concrete Journal, May 1997, pp [2] Ilangovana R., MahendranaN. and Nagamanib. K strength and durability properties of concrete containing quarry rock dust as fine aggregate ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 3(5), OCTOBER 28 ISSN [3] Mahzuz. H. M. A., Ahmed. A. A. M and Yusuf. M. A Use of stone powder in concrete and mortar as an alternative of sand, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 5(5), pp , May 211 ISSN Academic Journals [4] MohaiminulHaque, 2Sourav Ray, H. M. A. Mahzuz. Use of Stone Powder with in Concrete and Mortar: A Waste Utilization Approach, ARPN Journal of Science and Technology 2(7), August 212 ISSN [5] Nagabhushana and Sharadabai. H. Use of crushed rock powder as replacement of fine aggregate in mortar and concrete Indian Journal of Science and Technology 4(8) (Aug 211) ISSN: [6] Saeed Ahmad and ShahidMahmood. effects of crushed and natural sand on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete 41 editor@iaeme.com

14 Yajurved Reddy M, D.V. Swetha and S. K. Dhani [7] Sivakumar. A and Prakash M. Characteristic studies on the mechanical properties of quarry dust addition in conventional concrete Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology 2(1), pp , October 211 ISSN Academic Journals [8] VeeraReddy.M Investigations on stone dust and ceramic scrap as aggregate replacement in concrete, International journal of civil and structural engineering 1(3), 21 [9] Venumalagavelli High performance concrete with GGBS and Robo sand International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 2(1), 21, [1] Adanagouda, Mahesh and Dr. H. M. Somasekharaiah. An Experimental Study on Properties of the Concrete for Replacement of by Stone Waste for Different Types of Cement with Chemical Admixture. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 6(2), 215, pp editor@iaeme.com