Physics 171, Physics and Society Quiz 1 1pm Thurs Sept 1, 2016
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1 Quiz 1 1pm Thurs Sept 1, A kilowatt-hour is a unit of (a) energy (b) power (c) volume (d) density 2. The energy that is stored in a battery is in the form of (a) gravitational potential energy (b) electrical energy (c) kinetic energy (d) chemical energy 3. Maria is riding her bicycle on a flat road at 10 mi/hr. Then she squeezes the brakes and comes to a halt. Once that process is complete, the kinetic energy of Maria and her bicycle has been converted to (a) potential energy (b) thermal energy (c) electrical energy (d) nuclear energy 4. The energy density of gasoline is 10 Calories per gram. Convert this to Joules per kilogram (to 20% accuracy). There are 4200 Joules in a Calorie. (a) 42,000 J/kg (b) J/kg (c) 2.4 J/kg (d) J/kg 5. If a full gas tank contains about 50 kg of gasoline, how much energy does it store? (Pay attention to the units of each suggested answer.) (a) 500,000 Cal (b) 500 Cal (c) 500,000 J (d) 500 J
2 Quiz 2 1pm Tues Sept 20, When a car crashes into a brick wall, which of the following provide a good estimate of the power of the collision? (a) the kinetic energy of the car divided by the mass of the car (b) the kinetic energy of the car divided by the amount of time for which the car had been driving (c) the kinetic energy of the car divided by the duration of the collision (d) the kinetic energy of the car 2. Heat energy is a form of (a) kinetic energy (b) electrical energy (c) gravitational potential energy (d) nuclear energy 3. Molecules in a gas move at a speed that is (a) approximately the speed of light in the gas (b) approximately the speed of sound in the gas (c) independent of the temperature (d) approximately half the speed of sound in the gas 4. Absolute zero is the temperature at which (a) molecules move at roughly half the speed of sound (b) molecules have fallen apart into atoms (c) molecules have no random movement (d) water freezes 5. The diameter of a water molecule is about 0.3 nm. Estimate to within a factor of 10 how many water molecules there are in a liter of water. (a) 10 9 (b) (c) 10 6 (d) 10 25
3 Quiz 3 1pm Tues Sept 27th, Which of the following sentences use the correct units? (a) the thermal energy in a liter of air is about 100 J (b) the power in sunlight is about 1000 J per square meter (c) a typical power plant produces about 1 GW of power (d) the kinetic energy of a moving car is about 100,000 J/s 2. When you cool an object from room temperature (20 C) to freezing (0 C), its thermal energy (a) decreases by about 25% (b) decreases by about 10% (c) decreases to zero (d) stays about the same 3. The power needed to keep an airplane going at a constant speed is (a) about the same independent of the airplane s speed (b) greater at higher speeds because air resistance is greater (c) less at higher speeds because there is less air resistance (d) roughly equal to the kinetic energy of the airplane divided by the time since it started moving 4. The linear expansion coefficient of olive oil is per C. Suppose a bottle of olive oil is heated so that the depth of oil increases from 8 inches to 8.1 inches. To an accuracy of 10%, by how much did the temperature of the olive oil change when it was heated? (a) 500 C (b) 60 C (c) 20 C (d) 7 C
4 Quiz 4 1pm Tues Oct 4th, Radiation is (a) the emission of carbon dioxide when chemicals burn (b) the emission of posionous chemicals when atoms form bonds (c) the particles emitted when nuclei explode (d) the elements consumed when nuclei fuse 2. Which of the following are forms of electromagnetic radiation? (a) alpha rays (b) beta rays (c) sound waves (d) X-rays 3. Substances that emit alpha rays are dangerous because (a) they can give you cancer if ingested (b) alpha rays can penetrate metal shielding (c) Helium is poisonous (d) alpha rays can penetrate human skin 4. When a Uranium nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei of roughly equal size, this is called (a) fission (b) beta decay (c) alpha decay (d) gamma decay 5. According to the linear hypothesis, if a radiation dose of 0.1 Sv increases your cancer risk by (0.4%), then a dose of 0.2 Sv increases your cancer risk by (a) no change (b) (c) (d) 0.002
5 Quiz 5 1pm Tues Oct 25th, Where does the gold in the earth s crust originally come from? (a) it was formed in hot lava when the Earth was young (b) it was created in supernovas or neutron star mergers (c) it came from chemical reactions between light elements in the ocean (d) it was created in the big bang 2. Which of the following are examples of exponential growth? (a) human population in a resource-rich environment (b) distance travelled by a car as a function of time, while travelling from St. Louis to Chicago (c) thickness of a piece of paper when it is repeatedly folded in half (d) the height of a skyscraper while it is under construction 3. When a Uranium nucleus undergoes neutron-induced fission, the products include (a) alpha rays (b) beta rays (c) smaller nuclei (d) neutrons 4. In February 2016, Sweden s central bank lowered its interest rate to a negative value of -0.5% per year. What is the half-life (rounded to an accuracy of ±2 years) of money deposited in an account with this interest rate? (a) 14 years (b) 22 years (c) a negative number of years (d) 36 years
6 Quiz 6 1pm Tues Nov 1st, Fission fragments (a) arise from alpha decay of Uranium (b) are stable nuclei, and have atomic mass around 100 (c) only decay when hit by slow neutrons (d) are typically unstable and therefore radioactive 2. The role of Uranium in a nuclear reactor is (a) to heat deuterium and tritium so they fuse and liberate energy (b) to make neutrons that form an electric current (c) to provide heat to boil water (d) to provide fission fragments that ionize water 3. A conventional nuclear reactor cannot explode like a nuclear weapon because (a) the total amount of Uranium in a reactor is much smaller than in a weapon (b) the reactor does not contain fissile material (c) the accumulation of fission fragments suppresses further fission (d) when it gets very hot the chain reaction slows down 4. Nuclear waste produced in the U.S. is dangerously radioactive for over ten thousand years because (a) it contains 238 U which has a long half-life (b) there is still a significant amount of 235 U left in it (c) it contains Plutonium (d) it contains radioactive fission fragments 5. In a fusion reactor each fusion event produces about J. Roughly (to within a factor of 3) how much Helium is produced in a year by a fusion reactor whose output is 1 GW? (a) 20 kg (b) 200 kg (c) 2 tons (d) 20 tons
7 Quiz 7 1pm Thurs Nov 10th, The average temperature of the earth s surface is mainly determined by (a) the size of the earth (b) how fast the earth rotates on its axis (c) the ratio between amount of Oxygen and Nitrogen in the atmosphere (d) the balance between heating via sunlight and cooling via infrared radiation 2. A greenhouse gas means a gas that (a) is able to store a large amount of heat (b) encourages the formation of clouds (c) absorbs infrared light (d) emits visible or ultraviolet light 3. From ice cores, we can (a) obtain samples of the atmosphere from thousands of years ago (b) obtain pieces of the crust of the earth when it was first forming (c) learn the configuration of the continents a million years ago (d) learn about the evolution of mammals over the last million years 4. During the last half million years, (a) the earth was in ice ages for the majority of the time (b) there was one ice age and it lasted about 100,000 years (c) global average temperature remained within 2 C of its value today (d) the radius of the earth s orbit around the sun decreased by about 50% 5. The amount of energy per second that the earth emits into space (a) decreases as the earth s temperature rises (b) is roughly independent of the earth s temperature (c) increases as the earth s temperature rises (d) rises with temperature at first, but then starts falling again
8 Quiz 8 1pm Tues Nov 15th, Over the last 50 years, (a) sea level and global average temperature have risen (b) sea level has risen and global average temperature has fallen (c) sea level has fallen and global average temperature has risen (d) sea level and global average temperature have fallen 2. Which of the following are likely consequences of global warming: (a) growth in average income of people in China and India (b) increased rate of cancer deaths (c) famines due to crop failure (d) longer winters in North America 3. What would make the biggest impact in reducing future global GHG emissions? (a) China and India adopting non-fossil-fuel energy generation methods (b) The U.S. replacing all its coal power plants with natural gas plants (c) Western Europe adopting hydrogen fuel cells to power cars (d) Western Europe replacing nuclear power plants with wind and solar power 4. The amount of power available in full sunlight at the earth s surface is roughly (a) 40 Watts per square meter (b) 100 Watts per square meter (c) 400 Watts per square meter (d) 1000 Watts per square meter 5. The U.S. uses 40 quads/year of electricity. To within 20% accuracy, how many 1 GW power stations are needed to meet that demand? (1 quad = J) (a) 10,000 or more (b) 1500 (c) 5000 (d) 500
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