1 Edit-Compile-Link-Execute
|
|
- Geraldine O’Neal’
- 1 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 Edit-Compile-Link-Execute In the last exercise we used a single.c file and compiled it manually using gcc. However, in industry projects the code size can increase dramatically. Huge.c files are difficult to edit between multiple team members. Additionally, very large C projects take multiple hours to compile from scratch. There exist multiple tools to simplify and optimise the build process. Since we are using gcc, we will use the make build system. make is based on build information stored in so-called Makefiles. Our main goal is to split the code into multiple.c, which can be edited independently. Furthermore, make should only recompile files when necessary, that is when they were edited since the last build. This is called the Edit-Compile-Link-Execute process. Single.c files can be edited independently. Once the build process is started, these files are each compiled into a matching.o file. Once all files are compiled, these.o files are linked together to an executable program or a program library. The result can then be executed. Open the file Makefile. This file contains all information necessary to build the project. Makefiles define build goals, which can be run using the command make. The default build goal is called all. make supports many helpful macros which simplify the build definition. $(wildcard *.c) defines a list of all.c files in the current directory. $(addprefix build/,$(src:.c=.o)) adds a prefix to each of these list elements, which indicates that we want our immediate.o files stored in a directory called build. In order to compile the project, run the following command on the console in the ex-02 directory: > make a l l Which goals were executed? In which order? What is the purpose of the clean goal? 2 Pointer arithmetic Pointers in C are references to variables and functions. They can be stored in pointer variables, allowing to access different memory locations depending on the current program state. Pointers have countless applications in C programs. Large input data can be provided by a single pointer value, avoiding the need to copy it. Page 1
2 Pointers can be type in the same manner like regular variables. The only additional syntax element necessary is the * operator. The following declares a pointer to an integer variable: i n t p ; Every variable can be addressed using the address-of operator &. This illustrated in the next listing: i n t i = 999; i n t p = &i ; Pointers can be manipulated arithmetically. Their values can be incremented, decremented, added to or subtracted from. In order to access the value of the variable the pointer refers to, the value-of operator * can be used. The following example shows a pointer to an array element and increases the pointer to access the next element. i n t i [ ] = { 0, 1, 2 ; i n t p = i ; a s s e r t ( p == 0 ) ; ++p ; a s s e r t ( p == 1 ) ; Arrays can be converted to a pointer of the same target type. The pointer then refers to the first element in the array. What is the pointer arithmetic equivalent to the array index expression data[i]? Implement a circular buffer Implement a circular buffer in read-write.c. If your implementation is correct, the test cases in function run read write exercise() should succeed. 3 Stack and Heap The C programming language provides two fundamental idioms of memory provision. The first one is the stack. The stack provides automatic memory. We have been using the stack during all of the previous exercises. The stack, as its name suggests, grows linearly with every function called by the current thread. Apart from some additional metadata, the stack adds a frame for every function called. The frame is large enough to hold the local variables declared in the called function. Once the function returns control to its calling function, its stack frame is automatically destructed. This means that the lifetime of variables on the stack is strictly limited by a scope and cannot be extended beyond that. However, this is required in some cases. As an example, in certain algorithms we want to be able to allocate an amount of memory in one function and keep the memory valid beyond the function s execution. We then initialise and manipulate the data in another function. Once our algorithm is Page 2
3 complete, we manually delete the memory in a final clean-up function. This scenario is where heap memory comes into play in C. The following listing shows an example of heap memory allocation in C: i n t reserve memory ( ) { r e t u r n ( i n t ) m a l l o c (100 s i z e o f ( i n t ) ) ; void i n i t i a l i s e m e m o r y ( i n t d a t a ) { i n t i ; f o r ( i = 0 ; i < 100; ++ i ) { d a t a [ i ] = 0 ; void m a n i p u l a t e d a t a ( i n t d a t a ) { d a t a [ 0 ] = 1 ; d a t a [ 1 ] = 1 ; i n t i ; f o r ( i = 2 ; i < 100; ++ i ) { d a t a [ i ] = d a t a [ i 2] + d a t a [ i 1 ] ; void r e l e a s e m e m o r y ( i n t d a t a ) { f r e e ( d a t a ) ; The standard C method malloc(... ) allows us to allocate memory of a requested size on the heap storage. The function returns a pointer to the allocated memory, which needs to be cast to its intended type. This memory is not limited in scope and will remain valid until it is explicitly released using the funtion free(... ). Transfer the given code to the file malloc-free.c Use these methods to print the Fibonacci series. 4 Illegal Memory Pointer arithmetic represents a substantial tool in C programming and is indispensable in order to write efficient C programs. However, they are also the cause of serious program errors. Pointers can refer to unexpected memory locations, leading to unintended data manipulations. They may even point to completely inaccessible memory locations, leading to program crashes. i n t p = 0 ; p r i n t f ( %d\n, p ) ; / / Undefined b e h a v i o u r! i n t p = ( i n t ) 0 x ; p r i n t f ( %d\n, p ) ; / / Undefined b e h a v i o u r! A pointer value of 0 is reserved to indicate that the pointer does not refer to any memory. Dereferencing a null pointer leads to undefined behaviour. Undefined behaviour refers to situations which are not covered by the C standard. These lead to unexpected program behaviour and can even cause the program to crash. Page 3
4 Fix errors in code. We deliberately introduced multiple pointer errors in the file illegal-memory.c. Try to run the function run illegal memory exercise() and inspect the source code. Describe and eliminate all errors present. What is the result of freeing a null pointer? Explain what best practice you can take away from this. 5 Function pointers Function pointers are references to C functions. This concept allows the assignment of target functions to variables. This is used to adapt the function call dynamically in a program. They are declared along the following pattern: r e t u r n v a l u e ( p o i n t e r v a r i a b l e n a m e ) ( a r g u m e n t t y p e 1, a r g u m e n t t y p e 2,... ) / / Example : void ( fp ) ( i n t, d o u b l e ) ; function-pointers.c shows an example of function pointer usage. Explain the code in run function pointers exercise(). Replace the type declarations in execute output(... ) by actual function pointer types. Page 4
5 6 Callbacks A common example for function pointer usage are callback registrations. It allows users to dynamically configure which functions should be called if a certain event occurs. Use the stub in callbacks.c to create a callback registry. What is the expected output of run callbacks exercise()? Implement the callback registry. Use the function stubs and variables as indicated in the code comments. Create an array for the registered functions pointers. Mark slots in the array which are not currently used with null pointers. 7 Data structures In exercise 1 we identified a plane coordinate using two variables x and y. Larger software systems sometimes require the definition of data structures which are logically composed of multiple components. An example is a data structure which describes personal information. Such a structure needs to store first names, last names, social security numbers, etc. C provides struct and union data types for this form of composed information. Inspect the code in data-structures.c. Draw the hierarchical data structure suggested by the initialiser in create point(). Task 3 Implement the data structures accordingly. Implement the missing operations in order to make the test cases pass. Page 5
Pointers and dynamic memory management in C
Pointers and dynamic memory management in C Jakob Rieck Proseminar C - 2014 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Pointers 4 2.1 Declaration & Initialization................... 5 2.2 Using pointers..........................
10CS35: Data Structures Using C
CS35: Data Structures Using C QUESTION BANK REVIEW OF STRUCTURES AND POINTERS, INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL FEATURES OF C OBJECTIVE: Learn : Usage of structures, unions - a conventional tool for handling a
Embedded C Programming, Linux, and Vxworks. Synopsis
Embedded C Programming, Linux, and Vxworks. Synopsis This course is extensive and contains many advanced concepts. The range of modules covers a full introduction to C, real-time and embedded systems concepts
Common C Errors. Compiled by: Leela Kamalesh Yadlapalli
Common C Errors Compiled by: Leela Kamalesh Yadlapalli This document shows some of the common errors and warnings that you may encounter during this class. Always remember to use the Wall option if you
SANKALCHAND PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VISNAGAR ODD/EVEN ACADEMICSEMESTER (2014-15) ASSIGNMENT / QUESTION BANK (2110003) [F.Y.B.E.
SANKALCHAND PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VISNAGAR ODD/EVEN ACADEMICSEMESTER (2014-15) ASSIGNMENT / QUESTION BANK Subject: Computer Programming and Utilization (2110003) [F.Y.B.E.: ALL BRANCHES] Unit 1
Programming for MSc Part I
Herbert Martin Dietze University of Buckingham herbert@the-little-red-haired-girl.org July 24, 2001 Abstract The course introduces the C programming language and fundamental software development techniques.
The C Programming Language course syllabus associate level
TECHNOLOGIES The C Programming Language course syllabus associate level Course description The course fully covers the basics of programming in the C programming language and demonstrates fundamental programming
Object-Oriented Programming, Iouliia Skliarova
Object-Oriented Programming, Iouliia Skliarova Data types define the way you use the storage (memory) in the programs. By specifying a data type, you tell the sompiler how to create a particular piece
KITES TECHNOLOGY COURSE MODULE (C, C++, DS)
KITES TECHNOLOGY 360 Degree Solution www.kitestechnology.com/academy.php info@kitestechnology.com technologykites@gmail.com Contact: - 8961334776 9433759247 9830639522.NET JAVA WEB DESIGN PHP SQL, PL/SQL
Object Oriented Software Design II
Object Oriented Software Design II Introduction to C++ Giuseppe Lipari http://retis.sssup.it/~lipari Scuola Superiore Sant Anna Pisa February 20, 2012 G. Lipari (Scuola Superiore Sant Anna) C++ Intro February
05 Case Study: C Programming Language
CS 2SC3 and SE 2S03 Fall 2009 05 Case Study: C Programming Language William M. Farmer Department of Computing and Software McMaster University 18 November 2009 The C Programming Language Developed by Dennis
CPSC 213. C vs. Java. Introduction to Computer Systems. Reading. Java Hello World... C Hello World... C, Pointers, and Dynamic Allocation.
Reading CPSC 213 Textbook New to C, Understanding Pointers, The malloc and free Functions, Why Dynamic Memory Allocation 2ed: "New to C" sidebar of 34, 310, 991-992 1ed: "New to C" sidebar of 34, 311,1091-1092
Chapter 7 Linked Lists
Chapter 7 Linked Lists In order to use linked lists, you need to learn how to allocate memory dynamically on the heap and you need to learn about objects. Recall that local variables are temporary which
Exam in EDAA25 C Programming
Exam in EDAA25 C Programming October 30, 2014, 14-19 Inga hjälpmedel! Examinator: Jonas Skeppstedt Grading instructions In general: assess if a function or program works as intended while ignoring syntax
Summary. Pre requisition. Content Details: 1. Basics in C++
Summary C++ Language is one of the approaches to provide object-oriented functionality with C like syntax. C++ adds greater typing strength, scoping and other tools useful in object-oriented programming
Linked Lists introduction. Characteristics of Linked Lists. Programming Linked Lists
To extend understanding of pointers by using them to create dynamic data structures Understand when to use a Linked List Be able to create a Linked List in C understand internals be able to program them!
Dynamic Memory Allocation using a Custom Implemented Single-Linked List
Dynamic Memory Allocation using a Custom Implemented Single-Linked List Anders Eiler April 8, 2013 1 Introduction The objective of this paper is to describe how to dynamically allocate memory at runtime
C++ for Game Programmers
C++ for Game Programmers Course Description C++ has become one of the favourite programming language for game programmers. Reasons for wide spread acceptability of C++ are plenty, but primary reasons are,
Data Structures Using C++ 2E. Chapter 5 Linked Lists
Data Structures Using C++ 2E Chapter 5 Linked Lists Doubly Linked Lists Traversed in either direction Typical operations Initialize the list Destroy the list Determine if list empty Search list for a given
Borland C++ Compiler: Operators
Introduction Borland C++ Compiler: Operators An operator is a symbol that specifies which operation to perform in a statement or expression. An operand is one of the inputs of an operator. For example,
SYSTEMS PROGRAMMING C++ INTRODUCTION
Faculty of Computer Science / Institute of Systems Architecture / Operating Systems SYSTEMS PROGRAMMING C++ INTRODUCTION Alexander Warg WHY C++? C++ is the language that allows to express ideas from the
Common Errors in C. David Chisnall. February 15, 2011
Common Errors in C David Chisnall February 15, 2011 The C Preprocessor Runs before parsing Allows some metaprogramming Preprocessor Macros Are Not Functions The preprocessor performs token substitution
Memory Allocation. Static Allocation. Dynamic Allocation. Memory Management. Dynamic Allocation. Dynamic Storage Allocation
Dynamic Storage Allocation CS 44 Operating Systems Fall 5 Presented By Vibha Prasad Memory Allocation Static Allocation (fixed in size) Sometimes we create data structures that are fixed and don t need
Embedded Systems. Review of ANSI C Topics. A Review of ANSI C and Considerations for Embedded C Programming. Basic features of C
Embedded Systems A Review of ANSI C and Considerations for Embedded C Programming Dr. Jeff Jackson Lecture 2-1 Review of ANSI C Topics Basic features of C C fundamentals Basic data types Expressions Selection
Application note: Programming C++ on the
Application note: Programming C++ on the IPC@CHIP Introduction This application note discusses the points which should be considered by the programmer before developing C++ applications for the IPC@CHIP.
Advanced Systems Programming
Advanced Systems Programming Introduction to C++ Martin Küttler September 23, 2016 1 / 21 About this presentation 2 / 21 About this presentation This presentation is not about learning to program 2 / 21
Basic C Syntax. Comp-206 : Introduction to Software Systems Lecture 10. Alexandre Denault Computer Science McGill University Fall 2006
Basic C Syntax Comp-206 : Introduction to Software Systems Lecture 10 Alexandre Denault Computer Science McGill University Fall 2006 Next Week I'm away for the week. I'll still check my mails though. No
Java Memory and Intro to OOP
+ Java Memory and Intro to OOP + What is Java? Programming language Standard libraries ex. Math.random() Tools: compiler, runtime, others + What is the compiler? AKA javac A compiler is a program that
C Programming Review & Productivity Tools
Review & Productivity Tools Giovanni Agosta Piattaforme Software per la Rete Modulo 2 Outline Preliminaries 1 Preliminaries 2 Function Pointers Variadic Functions 3 Build Automation Code Versioning 4 Preliminaries
Lecture 11 Doubly Linked Lists & Array of Linked Lists. Doubly Linked Lists
Lecture 11 Doubly Linked Lists & Array of Linked Lists In this lecture Doubly linked lists Array of Linked Lists Creating an Array of Linked Lists Representing a Sparse Matrix Defining a Node for a Sparse
Illustration 1: Diagram of program function and data flow
The contract called for creation of a random access database of plumbing shops within the near perimeter of FIU Engineering school. The database features a rating number from 1-10 to offer a guideline
Operating Systems for Embedded Computers
University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Department of Electronics, Microelectronics, Computer and Intelligent Systems Operating Systems for Embedded Computers Summary of textbook:
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS QUESTION BANK IN REVISED BLOOM S TAXONOMY
ACADEMIC YEAR: 0 7 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR 0 0 SEMESTER: ODD BRANCH: MCA YEAR: I SEMESTER: I SUBJECT CODE AND NAME: MC70 Problem Solving and Programming NAME OF THE FACULTY
C++ INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
C++ INTERVIEW QUESTIONS http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_interview_questions.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com Dear readers, these C++ Interview Questions have been designed specially to get
Object Oriented Software Design II
Object Oriented Software Design II C++ intro Giuseppe Lipari http://retis.sssup.it/~lipari Scuola Superiore Sant Anna Pisa February 26, 2012 G. Lipari (Scuola Superiore Sant Anna) C++ Intro February 26,
Memory management in C: The heap and the stack
Memory management in C: The heap and the stack Leo Ferres Department of Computer Science Universidad de Concepción leo@inf.udec.cl October 7, 2010 1 Introduction When a program is loaded into memory, it
C Programming Tools. 1 Introduction. 2 man. 2.1 Manual Sections. CS 33 Intro Computer Systems Doeppner
CS 33 Intro Computer Systems Doeppner C Programming Tools 2016 1 Introduction This handout contains descriptions of several tools which you will find useful throughout CS033 and the rest of your C-programming
1) The postfix expression for the infix expression A+B*(C+D)/F+D*E is ABCD+*F/DE*++
Answer the following 1) The postfix expression for the infix expression A+B*(C+D)/F+D*E is ABCD+*F/DE*++ 2) Which data structure is needed to convert infix notations to postfix notations? Stack 3) The
C Primer. Fall Introduction C vs. Java... 1
CS 33 Intro Computer Systems Doeppner C Primer Fall 2016 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 C vs. Java.......................................... 1 2 Functions 1 2.1 The main() Function....................................
Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University, Junagadh
Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University, Junagadh Draft Syllabus for B.Sc. (Computer Science) Bachelor of Science (Computer Science) (Semester - 1) Effective From June - 2016 B.Sc. (C.S.) (Semester - 1) CS-101:
Compute Cluster Server Lab 3: Debugging the parallel MPI programs in Microsoft Visual Studio 2005
Compute Cluster Server Lab 3: Debugging the parallel MPI programs in Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 Compute Cluster Server Lab 3: Debugging the parallel MPI programs in Microsoft Visual Studio 2005... 1
Stacks. Linear data structures
Stacks Linear data structures Collection of components that can be arranged as a straight line Data structure grows or shrinks as we add or remove objects ADTs provide an abstract layer for various operations
Name: Class: Date: 9. The compiler ignores all comments they are there strictly for the convenience of anyone reading the program.
Name: Class: Date: Exam #1 - Prep True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Programming is the process of writing a computer program in a language that the computer can respond to
Practical Test 2 Semester 3 04/05
CS2281 National University of Singapore School of Computing Practical Test 2 Semester 3 04/05 Instructions PLEASE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. You have THREE (3) hours to complete this test. This is
Chapter 2: Elements of Java
Chapter 2: Elements of Java Basic components of a Java program Primitive data types Arithmetic expressions Type casting. The String type (introduction) Basic I/O statements Importing packages. 1 Introduction
Figure 1: Graphical example of a mergesort 1.
CSE 30321 Computer Architecture I Fall 2011 Lab 02: Procedure Calls in MIPS Assembly Programming and Performance Total Points: 100 points due to its complexity, this lab will weight more heavily in your
BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY: COIMBATORE CENTRE FOR COLLABORATION OF INDUSTRY AND INSTITUTIONS(CCII) CERTIFICATE IN ADVANCED PROGRAMMING C++ LANGUAGE
Certificate in Advanced Programming - C++ Language Page 1 of 7 BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY: COIMBATORE 641046 CENTRE FOR COLLABORATION OF INDUSTRY AND INSTITUTIONS(CCII) CERTIFICATE IN ADVANCED PROGRAMMING C++
M3-R4: PROGRAMMING AND PROBLEM SOLVING THROUGH C LANGUAGE
M3-R4: PROGRAMMING AND PROBLEM SOLVING THROUGH C LANGUAGE NOTE: IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Question Paper in English and Hindi and Candidate can choose any one language. 2. In case of discrepancies in
PES Institute of Technology-BSC QUESTION BANK
PES Institute of Technology-BSC Faculty: Mrs. R.Bharathi CS35: Data Structures Using C QUESTION BANK UNIT I -BASIC CONCEPTS 1. What is an ADT? Briefly explain the categories that classify the functions
Example Solution to Exam in EDA150 C Programming
Example Solution to Exam in EDA150 C Programming Janurary 12, 2011, 14-19 Inga hjälpmedel! Examinator: Jonas Skeppstedt, tel 0767 888 124 30 out of 60p are needed to pass the exam. General Remarks A function
CS1020E: DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS I
CS1020E: DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS I Tutorial 1 Basic C++, OOP Problem Solving (Week 3, starting 22 August 2016) 1. Evaluation Order (Note: You can use any other C++ code editor/compiler). Examine
1 Abstract Data Types Information Hiding
1 1 Abstract Data Types Information Hiding 1.1 Data Types Data types are an integral part of every programming language. ANSI-C has int, double and char to name just a few. Programmers are rarely content
Programming Languages
Programming Languages Memory Allocation & Garbage Collection CSCI.GA-2110-003 Fall 2011 Dynamic memory management For most languages, the amount of memory used by a program cannot be determined at compile
Introduction to C Programming S Y STEMS
Introduction to C Programming CS 40: INTRODUCTION TO U NIX A ND L I NUX O P E R AT ING S Y STEMS Objectives Introduce C programming, including what it is and what it contains, which includes: Command line
UNIT-1 PART-A UNIT-2 PART-A
UNIT-1 1. Define computer? 2. Discuss briefly about input and output devices? 3. What is a RAM? 4. What is arom? 5. What is a compiler? 6. Write about a linker? 7. List any 5 key wordsof c? 8. Illustrate
PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING IN C, C++ and JAVA: Lesson-4: Data Structures: Stacks
PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING IN C, C++ and JAVA: Lesson-4: Data Structures: Stacks 1 STACK A structure with a series of data elements with last sent element waiting for a delete operation.
umps software development
Laboratorio di Sistemi Operativi Anno Accademico 2006-2007 Software Development with umps Part 2 Mauro Morsiani Software development with umps architecture: Assembly language development is cumbersome:
Laboratorio di Sistemi Operativi Anno Accademico 2009-2010
Laboratorio di Sistemi Operativi Anno Accademico 2009-2010 Software Development with umps Part 2 Mauro Morsiani Copyright Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
Sources: On the Web: Slides will be available on:
C programming Introduction The basics of algorithms Structure of a C code, compilation step Constant, variable type, variable scope Expression and operators: assignment, arithmetic operators, comparison,
Problem 2 Add the two 2 s complement signed 8-bit values given below, and express your answer in decimal.
Problem 1 Recall the definition of root in project 1. (The declaration of struct entrynode appears below.) struct entrynode * root; Give the type of each of the following expressions. The answer may be
Memory management. Announcements. Safe user input. Function pointers. Uses of function pointers. Function pointer example
Announcements Memory management Assignment 2 posted, due Friday Do two of the three problems Assignment 1 graded see grades on CMS Lecture 7 CS 113 Spring 2008 2 Safe user input If you use scanf(), include
Compiler Design Prof. Y. N. Srikant Department of Computer Science and Automation Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Compiler Design Prof. Y. N. Srikant Department of Computer Science and Automation Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Module No. # 02 Lecture No. # 05 Run-time Environments-Part 3 and Local Optimizations
The C Programming Language Guide
The C Programming Language Guide for the Robot Course work Module Table of Contents Variables...3 Assignments...3 Operators...4 Arithmetic Operators...4 Bitwise Logic Operators...5 Incremental Operators...5
Standard printing function in C is printf Prints everything numbers, strings, etc. May be complex to use. Standard C library is called libc
Arrays and Structs and Pointers, Oh My! Programming in C Input and output Using printf Standard input and output Pointers Arrays Structures Combining these things together Arrays and Structs and Pointers,
IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition Version 1. IBM JVM messages IBM
IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition Version 1 IBM JVM messages IBM IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition Version 1 IBM JVM messages IBM Note Before you use this information and the product it supports, read the
Chapter 5 Names, Bindings, Type Checking, and Scopes
Chapter 5 Names, Bindings, Type Checking, and Scopes Chapter 5 Topics Introduction Names Variables The Concept of Binding Type Checking Strong Typing Scope Scope and Lifetime Referencing Environments Named
CS 230 Programming Languages
CS 230 Programming Languages 11 / 30 / 2015 Instructor: Michael Eckmann Questions/comments? Today s Topics Chapter 6 Pointers Dangling pointer problem Memory leaks Solutions Michael Eckmann - Skidmore
C++ Introduction to class and data abstraction
C++ Introduction to class and data abstraction 1 Data abstraction A data abstraction is a simplified view of an object by specifying what can be done with the object while hiding unnecessary details In
Debugging. Common Semantic Errors ESE112. Java Library. It is highly unlikely that you will write code that will work on the first go
Debugging ESE112 Java Programming: API, Psuedo-Code, Scope It is highly unlikely that you will write code that will work on the first go Bugs or errors Syntax Fixable if you learn to read compiler error
Chapter 13. Pointers and Linked Lists
Chapter 13 Pointers and Linked Lists Overview 13.1 Nodes and Linked Lists 13.2 Stacks and Queues Slide 13-2 13.1 Nodes and Linked Lists Nodes and Linked Lists n A linked list is a list that can grow and
The if-statement. Simple and compound statements. The if-statement comes in two forms: Simple statements:
1 2 Simple and compound s The if- Simple s: E.g.: expression; Various jumps : break, goto, continue, return. k = a * p + 3; printf("k = %d\n", k); 1 + 2; ; The if- comes in two forms: or E.g.: if (expression)
Pointers and Strings. Objectives
5 Pointers and Strings Objectives To be able to use pointers. To be able to use pointers to pass arguments to functions by reference. To understand the close relationships among pointers, arrays and strings.
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with the basic components of a C++ program,
The char Data Type. Character and String Processing. Another Example /* Capitalize all lowercase letters */ while ((c = getchar())!
Character and String Processing CSE 130: Introduction to C Programming Spring 2005 The char Data Type A char value can be thought of as either a character or a small integer printf( %d, a ); /* prints
Advanced C++ Exception Handling Topic #5
Advanced C++ Exception Handling Topic #5 CS202 5-1 CS202 5-2 Exception Handling Throwing an Exception Detecting an Exception Catching an Exception Examine an Example using Classes and Operator Overloading
BSc (Hons) Business Information Systems, BSc (Hons) Computer Science with Network Security. & BSc. (Hons.) Software Engineering
BSc (Hons) Business Information Systems, BSc (Hons) Computer Science with Network Security & BSc. (Hons.) Software Engineering Cohort: BIS/05/FT BCNS/05/FT BSE/05/FT Examinations for 2005-2006 / Semester
Punctuation in C. Identifiers and Expressions. Identifiers. Variables. Keywords. Identifier Examples
Identifiers and Expressions CSE 130: Introduction to C Programming Spring 2005 Punctuation in C Statements are terminated with a ; Groups of statements are enclosed by curly braces: { and } Commas separate
CS412/CS413. Introduction to Compilers Tim Teitelbaum. Lecture 20: Stack Frames 7 March 08
CS412/CS413 Introduction to Compilers Tim Teitelbaum Lecture 20: Stack Frames 7 March 08 CS 412/413 Spring 2008 Introduction to Compilers 1 Where We Are Source code if (b == 0) a = b; Low-level IR code
Adjusted/Modified by Nicole Tobias. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++
Adjusted/Modified by Nicole Tobias Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types
C Programming, Chapter 1: C vs. Java, Types, Reading and Writing
C Programming, Chapter 1: C vs. Java, Types, Reading and Writing T. Karvi August 2013 T. Karvi C Programming, Chapter 1: C vs. Java, Types, Reading and Writing August 2013 1 / 1 C and Java I Although the
The Basics of C Programming. Marshall Brain
The Basics of C Programming Marshall Brain Last updated: October 30, 2013 Contents 1 C programming 1 What is C?................................. 2 The simplest C program, I........................ 2 Spacing
C++ How to Program, 8/e by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
C++ How to Program, 8/e 1992-2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. 1992-2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. 1992-2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. We ve studied fixed-size data structures such as one-dimensional arrays
TDDB89 Advanced Programming in C++ Exercise Smart pointers
TDDB89 Advanced Programming in C++ Exercise Smart pointers In this exercise you shall, given a simple class definition for a smart pointer type, first implement the given member functions and then successively
AFF 826. Sub. Code 4BSO1C1. Sp2. B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER First Semester. Software FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS AND C PROGRAMMING
Sp2 AFF 826 Sub. Code 4BSO1C1 B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER 2015 First Semester Software FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS AND C PROGRAMMING (CBCS 2014 onwards) Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks Part A (10
Quiz for Chapter 2 Instructions: Language of the Computer3.10
Date: 3.10 Not all questions are of equal difficulty. Please review the entire quiz first and then budget your time carefully. Name: Course: Solutions in Red 1. [5 points] Prior to the early 1980s, machines
DATA STRUCTURES USING C
DATA STRUCTURES USING C QUESTION BANK UNIT I 1. Define data. 2. Define Entity. 3. Define information. 4. Define Array. 5. Define data structure. 6. Give any two applications of data structures. 7. Give
Basic Common Unix commands: Change to directory d
Basic Common Unix commands: cd d Change to directory d mkdir d rmdir d mv f1 [f2...] d mv d1 d2 ls [d] [f...] ls -1 [f...] vi [f] emacs [f] more f cp f1 f2 mv f1 f2 rm f gcc [-o f1] f2 gnuplot Create new
PART-A Questions. 2. How does an enumerated statement differ from a typedef statement?
1. Distinguish & and && operators. PART-A Questions 2. How does an enumerated statement differ from a typedef statement? 3. What are the various members of a class? 4. Who can access the protected members
FBCA-02 April-2007 Programming in C Language BCA-102 (New Course)
Seat No. : FBCA-02 April-2007 Programming in C Language BCA-102 (New Course) Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 70 Instructions : (1) Figures to the right indicate full marks of the question. (2) Make and state
CSCI-1200 Data Structures Fall 2015 Lecture 10 Vector Iterators & Linked Lists
CSCI-1200 Data Structures Fall 2015 Lecture 10 Vector Iterators & Linked Lists Review from Lecture 9 Explored a program to maintain a class enrollment list and an associated waiting list. Unfortunately,
Overview of Data Structures
UNIT 3 Concrete Data Types Classification of Data Structures Concrete vs. Abstract Data Structures Most Important Concrete Data Structures Arrays Records Linked Lists Binary Trees Overview of Data Structures
2. Names, Scopes, and Bindings
2. Names, Scopes, and Bindings Binding, Lifetime, Static Scope, Encapsulation and Modules, Dynamic Scope Copyright 2010 by John S. Mallozzi Names Variables Bindings Binding time Language design issues
Dotnet Online Course - Smart Mind Online Training, Hyderabad. Dotnet Online Training Course Content
Faculty: Real time and certified Dotnet Online Training Course Content Introduction to.net Online Training NET FUNDAMENTALS Why Dot Net? The Dot Net initiative Introduction to Dot Net frameworks Advantages
Understanding Valgrind memory leak reports
Understanding Valgrind memory leak reports Aleksander Morgado aleksander@es.gnu.org Thanks to the development team of Azetti Networks not only for supplying so many example memory leaks, but also for their
Comp 245 Data Structures. Stacks
Comp 245 Data Structures Stacks What is a Stack? A LIFO (last in, first out) structure Access (storage or retrieval) may only take place at the TOP NO random access to other elements within the stack An
Group number 24 Joni Saarinen Daniel Kullberg
C# Group number 24 Joni Saarinen Daniel Kullberg C# (pronounced C sharp) is a multi paradigm programming language developed by Microsoft. It is primarily an imperative language but support for functional
Course MS10975A Introduction to Programming. Length: 5 Days
3 Riverchase Office Plaza Hoover, Alabama 35244 Phone: 205.989.4944 Fax: 855.317.2187 E-Mail: rwhitney@discoveritt.com Web: www.discoveritt.com Course MS10975A Introduction to Programming Length: 5 Days
COMP 321: Introduction to Computer Systems
Assigned: 1/21/16, Due: 2/4/16, 11:55 PM Important: This project must be done individually. Be sure to carefully read the course policies for assignments (including the honor code policy) on the assignments
GTU Questions. Computer Programming & Utilization. Chief Course Coordinator Prof. Mitul K.Patel. (Head of Department & Assistant Professor)
GTU Questions Computer Programming & Utilization Chief Course Coordinator Prof. Mitul K.Patel (Head of Department & Assistant Professor) Course Coordinator Prof. Vrutti D. Shah (Assistant Professor) Lab
Data Structures Using C++ 2E. Chapter 7 Stacks
Data Structures Using C++ 2E Chapter 7 Stacks Stacks Data structure Elements added, removed from one end only Last In First Out (LIFO) FIGURE 7-1 Various examples of stacks Data Structures Using C++ 2E