Simple Model; Symbols; RAM; Charge; Isot
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1 Save My Exams! The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at Simple Model; Symbols; RAM; Charge; Isot Question Paper 1 Level GCSE(9-1) Subject Chemistry Exam Board AQA Unit 4.1 Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Topic Simple Model; Symbols; RAM; Charge; Isot Difficulty Level Gold Level Booklet Question Paper 1 Time Allowed: 85 minutes Score: /83 Percentage: /100
2 1 The diagram shows an electric light bulb. When electricity is passed through the tungsten filament it gets very hot and gives out light. (a) What reaction would take place if the hot tungsten was surrounded by air? (b) State why argon is used in the light bulb. Explain your answer in terms of the electronic structure of an argon atom (Total 4 marks) Page 1 of 14
3 2 (a) The table gives the melting points of some of the elements of Group 7. Element Atomic number Melting point in ºC Fluorine Chlorine Bromine 35 7 Iodine Astatine 85? (i) Plot a graph of the melting point against atomic number. Draw a line of best fit. Extend your line to estimate a value for the melting point of astatine. (ii) Estimate the melting point of astatine.... C Page 2 of 14
4 (iii) Which of the Group 7 elements are solids at 20 C? (b) (i) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in an atom of fluorine. (ii) The elements of Group 7 have similar chemical properties. Explain, in terms of electrons, why they have similar chemical properties. Page 3 of 14
5 (c) Xenon is a very unreactive element. (i) Explain, in terms of electrons, why xenon is so unreactive. (ii) Fluorine reacts with xenon but iodine does not. Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why fluorine is more reactive than iodine. (Total 11 marks) 3 Fluorine is more reactive than chlorine. Fluorine reacts with most elements in the Periodic Table. However, fluorine does not react with argon. Atomic numbers: F 9; Cl 17; Ar 18. (a) To which group of the Periodic Table do fluorine and chlorine belong?... (b) (i) Give one use for argon. Page 4 of 14
6 (ii) Explain why the noble gas argon is unreactive. (c) (i) Give one use for chlorine. (ii) Draw the electron arrangement of a chlorine atom. (iii) Explain why fluorine is more reactive than chlorine. (Total 10 marks) Page 5 of 14
7 4 Brine, a solution containing sodium chloride in water, can be used to manufacture chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. A student sets up a simplified model of the industrial cell. (a) The electron arrangements of some atoms are shown here. H 1 O 2.6 Na C (i) Use the relevant electron arrangements to describe the bonding in water. Page 6 of 14
8 (ii) Use the relevant electron arrangements to describe the bonding in sodium chloride. (b) Use the atomic structures of and to explain the meaning of the term isotopes (Total 8 marks) 5 Use the Periodic Table on the Data Sheet to help you to answer this question. (a) State one similarity and one difference in the electronic structure of the elements: (i) across the Period from sodium to argon; (ii) down Group 7 from fluorine to astatine. Page 7 of 14
9 (b) (i) State the trend in reactivity of the Group 1 elements. (ii) Explain this trend in terms of atomic structure. (c) Hydrogen is an element which is difficult to fit into a suitable position in the Periodic Table. Give reasons why hydrogen could be placed in either Group 1 or Group (Total 11 marks) 6 (a) The electronic structure of a sodium atom can be written 2,8,1. Write the electronic structure of a potassium atom in the same way.... (b) The electronic structure of a sodium atom can also be represented as in the diagram below. Page 8 of 14
10 (i) Draw a similar diagram for a fluorine atom. (ii) Draw similar diagrams to show the electronic structure of the particles in sodium fluoride. (4) (Total 5 marks) 7 (a) The diagram shows part of the ionic lattice of a sodium chloride crystal. (i) Complete the spaces in the table to give information about both of the ions in this lattice. Name of ion Charge Page 9 of 14
11 (ii) When it is solid, sodium chloride will not conduct electricity. However, molten sodium chloride will conduct electricity. Explain this difference. (iii) Complete the sentence. Sodium chloride conducts electricity when it is molten and when it is (b) The symbol for a calcium atom can be shown like this: (i) What is the mass number of this atom? (ii) What information is given by the mass number? (c) Calcium burns in oxygen with a brick-red flame. The product is a white solid. It is calcium oxide and its formula is CaO. (i) Balance the chemical equation for the reaction. Ca(s) + O 2 Ӿⱱӿͻͻ ͻͻⱪԛ Ӿᴠӿ Page 10 of 14
12 (ii) Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens to a calcium atom when it becomes a calcium ion. (Total 10 marks) 8 (a) The diagram shows the electronic structure of a particular element. In a similar way, show the electronic structure of another element from the same group in the periodic table and name the element you select. Name of element selected... (4) Page 11 of 14
13 (b) The element lithium gives a moderate reaction with cold water, releasing hydrogen and forming a solution of lithium hydroxide. Describe how sodium is similar to and how it is different from lithium in its chemical reaction with cold water. Explain any similarity or difference in terms of their atomic structure. Similarity.... Reason Difference.... Reason (5) (Total 9 marks) 9 Three elements in Group 2 of the periodic table are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca). Their mass numbers and proton numbers are shown below. The electronic structure is shown for beryllium and calcium. (a) In a similar way, draw the electronic structure for magnesium. Page 12 of 14
14 (b) The three elements have similar chemical properties The reactivity of these elements with non-metals, increases from beryllium to magnesium to calcium. Explain these two statements in terms of atomic structure (6) (Total 9 marks) 10 These are the electronic structures of the atoms of three different elements element A element B element C (a) Identify elements A and B. Element A is... Element B is... (b) (i) Why is element C more reactive than element A? Page 13 of 14
15 (ii) Why is element B unreactive? (Total 6 marks) Page 14 of 14
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