Lesson Plan. Course Title: Computer Maintenance. Session Title: Power Quality and Protection

Transcription

1 Lesson Plan Course Title: Computer Maintenance Lesson Duration: 90 Minutes Session Title: Power Quality and Protection Performance Objective: Upon completion of this assignment, the student will be able to describe power problems associated with the operation of computers and recommend solutions. Specific Objectives: Describe and identify various external power problems related to the operation of computers. Differentiate between catastrophic and degradation types of damage. Describe and identify surge suppression solutions for external power problems. Describe and identify uninterruptible power supply solutions for external power problems. Preparation TEKS Correlations: (c) (4) The student acquires an understanding of computer technologies. The student is expected to: (A) explain the fundamentals of microprocessor theory; (C) explain the theories of magnetism, electricity, and electronics as related to computer technologies; (D) explain proper troubleshooting techniques as related to computer hardware; (I) explain computer system environmental requirements and related control devices (c) (6) The student applies the concepts and skills of the trade in simulated work situations. The student is expected to: (C) identify the operational features and proper terminology related to computer systems; (c) (8) The student uses troubleshooting skills with hardware knowledge to solve client problems. The student is expected to: (A) understand the rationale behind error messages and symptoms of hardware failures; Instructor/Trainer References: 1. IDG Books Worldwide Inc., A+ Certification for Dummies, Chap. 8: Power. Instructional Aids: 1. PowerPoint presentation: Power Quality and Protection. 1

2 2. PowerPoint presentation: Power Quality and Protection Handouts. 3. Power Quality and Protection Presentation Outline Organizer. 4. Power Quality and Protection Word Game. 5. Power Quality and Protection Word Game Key. 6. Power Quality and Protection Exam. 7. Power Quality and Protection Exam Key. Materials Needed: 1. Copies of Power Quality and Protection Word Game for each student. Equipment Needed: 1. A projection system to display the PowerPoint presentation [PC & monitor/projector, etc.] Learner 1. Students should read the appropriate curriculum material for power quality and protection [depending on the text/curriculum being used for this course]. This lesson can be taught with only the PowerPoint presentation, and the equipment outlined above. Introduction MI Introduction (LSI Quadrant I): Most external power problems go unnoticed because they are usually small enough that the computer s power supply can deal with them. These problems can lead to reliability problems in your computer and result in major damage. As a computer technician you should be aware of the hazards of external power problems in a computer, and know how to prevent some of these problems from materializing. A power surge lasts for only a few thousandths of a second. Does anyone know what changes to voltage can occur during those few thousands of a second? A power surge can cause the voltage to increase to 1,000 volts or higher. These high voltage spikes degrade the power supply. Multiple surges over time can destroy it. Outline MI Outline (LSI Quadrant II): Instructor Notes: Introduction: (PPT slides 1-4) I. Describe and identify various external power problems related to the operation of computers (slides 5-11). II. Differentiate between catastrophic and degradation types of damage (slide 12). NOTE: Hand out the Power Quality Organizer (1 per student). Have students fill in the blank areas during the PowerPoint presentation. Use a computer and projector to display the PPT slides & discuss each topic/concept. III. Describe and identify surge suppression solutions for external 2

3 power problems (slides 13-17). IV. Describe and identify uninterruptible power supply solutions for external power problems (slides 18-20). V. The teacher gives a demonstration, of surge suppressors and UPS. NOTE: The teacher should hand out 1 copy of the Power Quality Word Game to each student. Students complete the Power Quality and Protection word game. Application MI MI Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III): 1. Teacher shows and demonstrates the surge suppressor. 2. Teacher shows and demonstrates the UPS. 3. Have students, rotating from student to student, discuss the various aspects of the surge suppressor and the UPS. Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III): 1. Students work independently to complete the word game exercise for Power Quality and Protection. Summary MI Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV): 1. Ask students summary questions. a. What is the major difference between a brownout and a blackout? [during a brownout there is a drop in the power line voltage; during a blackout the power fails completely] b. What is the primary component of a surge suppressor? [A metal oxide Varistor (MOV)] c. What are the two types of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)? [Standby UPS and In-line UPS] 2. Revisit the major power problems a technician encounters and the solutions to these problems. Evaluation MI Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III): 1. The teacher will monitor student progress during independent practice and 3

4 provide independent re-teach/redirection as needed. MI Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV): 1. Administer the Power Quality and Protection Exam. Extension MI Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV): Students that have mastered the lab assignments can peer-tutor students [one-onone] that are having difficulty with the disassembly or assembly of the PC. 4

5 Icon MI Teaching Strategies Verbal/ Linguistic Logical/ Mathematical Visual/Spatial Musical/ Rhythmic Bodily/ Kinesthetic Intrapersonal Interpersonal Lecture, discussion, journal writing, cooperative learning, word origins Problem-solving, number games, critical thinking, classifying and organizing, Socratic questioning Mind-mapping, reflective time, graphic organizers, color-coding systems, drawings, designs, video, DVD, charts, maps Use music, compose songs or raps, use musical language or metaphors Use manipulatives, hand signals, pantomime, real life situations, puzzles and board games, activities, roleplaying, action problems Reflective teaching, interviews, reflective listening, KWL charts Cooperative learning, roleplaying, group brainstorming, cross-cultural interactions Personal Development Strategies Reading, highlighting, outlining, teaching others, reciting information Organizing material logically, explaining things sequentially, finding patterns, developing systems, outlining, charting, graphing, analyzing information Developing graphic organizers, mindmapping, charting, graphing, organizing with color, mental imagery (drawing in the mind s eye) Creating rhythms out of words, creating rhythms with instruments, playing an instrument, putting words to existing songs Moving while learning, pacing while reciting, acting out scripts of material, designing games, moving fingers under words while reading Reflecting on personal meaning of information, studying in quiet settings, imagining experiments, visualizing information, journaling Studying in a group, discussing information, using flash cards with others, teaching others Naturalist Existentialist Natural objects as manipulatives and as a background for learning Socratic questions, real life situations, global problems/questions Connecting with nature, forming study groups with like-minded people Considering the personal relationship to the larger context 5

6 Power Quality & Protection PowerPoint Outline Objectives Identify and describe the various types of external power problems. Differentiate between catastrophic and degradation types of damage. Identify and describe various protective measures against power problems. I. External Power Problems A. Some common external power problems:,,,,. B. All of these (except the ) go unnoticed by the computer. C. These common power problems can lead to problems with the computer. D. When plugged directly into a wall outlet, over time these can result in damage to a computer. Type of Power Problem Description Consists of small variations in the of the Line Noise power line. Plug your PC into its circuit. Sharing an extension cord with an will cause major problems. This causes your power supply to burn out and any line noise passes through to the or. 6

7 A power spike or over-voltage happens when disturbances like Power surges distant, or other anomalies in the electrical supply grid, create a voltage spike that down the line and to your wall plugs. The surge lasts for only a few of a second, but can cause the voltage to increase to volts or higher. High voltage spikes the power supply. Multiple surges over time can it. Also known as, is the opposite Brownouts of a power surge and happens when a sudden occurs in the power line voltage. It doesn t normally last too long. Usually the power level below normal levels for a time and then to normal. They are extremely common during periods of heavy on the electrical system ( afternoons/ mornings). The reduced voltage level causes many devices to run than normal or in other ways. Occur when the power completely. Blackouts Problems caused are usually more frustrating than. NOTE: The of power surrounding a blackout can, however, your system. If you are in the middle of something that is not, or a hard drive when a blackout occurs you will have problems. More often the damage when the power suddenly, usually in the form of a huge spike. 7

8 This spike delivers volts or more if it were to hit a Lightning strikes home or office directly. A strike even in your can result in a very high voltage spike. A lightning strike has been known to completely or everything plugged in: computers, copiers, fax machines, telephones, and more. II. Protecting Against Power Problems A. Two types of damage can be done to the PC by electrical forces: 1. Catastrophic: When the device is all at once in a event. 2. Degradation: When a device is over a of instances and begins to or has problems. III. Surge Suppressor A. Most users plug their computers into a power strip or surge. B. The primary component of a surge suppressor is a (MOV). C. The MOV protects the computer by the hit from voltage spikes. D. The problem with MOV is that one big or an of small surges over time can knock it out. 8

9 E. Some surge suppressors have a to indicate that the MOV is still all right. F. A surge suppressor reduces power problems by spikes and surges and by smoothing out (called line conditioning) G. Not all surge suppressors include line. H. Consider two main features when choosing a surge suppressor: I. voltage: The voltage at which the suppressor begins to protect the computer. J. Clamping speed: The time before the protection begins, or how much time elapses between detection and protection. K. Energy absorption: Surge suppressors are rated in, which measures their capability to energy L. The higher the rating, the the protection: M. Joules is basic protection Joules is good protection Joules is superior protection N. Line conditioning: Line conditioning capability is measured in. O. The more decibels of noise reduction, the the line conditioning. P. Protection indicators: An LED indicates you are Q. If the LED is out, get a suppressor 9

10 R. Levels of protection: Surge suppressors have three levels of protection that indicate the maximum number of the suppressor allows to pass through to anything plugged into it. The standard ratings are: (Good) (Better) (Best) S. Line filter the power stream to line noise. T. Because they are usually, few PC users use a line conditioner. U. They prefer to purchase this capability in other devices, such as a. V. In the event of an electrical or strike, power can surge up the lines as well as the power lines. W. When installing a surge protector, be sure it has line protection. IV. UPS A. An power supply (UPS) provides a power stream to the computer. B. Under normal conditions, it s a surge protector that can also handle conditions. C. When the power below a certain level or is completely, the UPS kicks in and provides for a certain number of minutes, or even hours in some cases. 10

11 D. All UPS units have two sets of circuits: circuit - is a surge. E. The other side is the and DC to AC. F. The batteries store a charge that must be converted to (because that s what the PC expects). G. Two types of UPS units are available: UPS: Operates normally from its side. H. When the power, it switches over to its backup side. I. In-line UPS: Operates normally from its or battery backup side. J. The AC side is only used in the event of a with the - powered circuits. K. UPS units are often with a standby power supply (SPS), or battery backup, which only supplies power when is available and has no power abilities. L. Never plug a laser printer or monitor into a conventional PC. These devices are not critical to the operation of the PC and tremendous amounts of power at startup. 11

12 Power Quality and Protection Word Game Student Name: Date: Find and circle the words from the Power Quality and Protection Lesson hidden in the puzzle below. The words may be horizontal, vertical, diagonal, backward, or forward. T I N L I N E U P S Z R C W C S B N B N G J S T A N D B Y U P S T R B C Q E A E H X E H D S O V G U Z O R L P G T I K X T W Y G H V O M Q S X A Z A X S O T E Y T T G K Q R K S P M I T R E N L M B I V C D M H T E O P W L E G B I T D U A L W I I W R V I R O T R W N L G L Q P E I E E P T N E V E U G E O B I O K S K E E P L G V G M S Y N V Z T T C T D D Z U T S S N I R M O H D N J A U V K E S A P E I T E O I E E O L B O X W R E G E K P L W F S R U C L P N U V S G E E I M U O H E L K D B O W M P C R U D P A M P N E G L Y M O O C R P U S S S L P T S R R T I H L R X L Q S I L U C G N I D Y D E C I B L E S O X D F N O I T P R O S B A Y G R E N E B 1. BLACKOUTS 2. BROWNOUTS 3. CLAMPING SPEED 4. CLAMPING VOLTAGE 5. DECIBELS 6. ENERGY ABSORPTION 7. INLINE UPS 8. JOULES 9. LINE NOISE 10. MOV 11. POWER SURGES 12. SPIKES 13. STANDBY UPS 14. SURGE SUPPRESSOR 12

13 Power Quality and Protection Word Game Key Student Name: Date: Find and circle the words from the Power Quality and Protection Lesson hidden in the puzzle below. The words may be horizontal, vertical, diagonal, backward, or forward. T I N L I N E U P S Z R C W C S B N B N G J S T A N D B Y U P S T R B C Q E A E H X E H D S O V G U Z O R L P G T I K X T W Y G H V O M Q S X A Z A X S O T E Y T T G K Q R K S P M I T R E N L M B I V C D M H T E O P W L E G B I T D U A L W I I W R V I R O T R W N L G L Q P E I E E P T N E V E U G E O B I O K S K E E P L G V G M S Y N V Z T T C T D D Z U T S S N I R M O H D N J A U V K E S A P E I T E O I E E O L B O X W R E G E K P L W F S R U C L P N U V S G E E I M U O H E L K D B O W M P C R U D P A M P N E G L Y M O O C R P U S S S L P T S R R T I H L R X L Q S I L U C G N I D Y D E C I B L E S O X D F N O I T P R O S B A Y G R E N E B 1. BLACKOUTS 2. BROWNOUTS 3. CLAMPING SPEED 4. CLAMPING VOLTAGE 5. DECIBELS 6. ENERGY ABSORPTION 7. INLINE UPS 8. JOULES 9. LINE NOISE 10. MOV 11. POWER SURGES 12. SPIKES 13. STANDBY UPS 14. SURGE SUPPRESSOR 13

14 POWER QUALITY AND PROTECTION EXAM Student Name: Date: 1. Which of the following devices can supply backup power to a PC when the electricity fails and provides for line conditioning as well? A. SPS B. UPS C. Line conditioner D. Surge suppressor 2. When are you subjecting your computer to the greatest risk of external power problems? A. When you plug your computer directly into the wall socket B. When you plug your computer directly into a line conditioner C. When you plug your computer directly into a surge suppressor D. When you plug your computer directly into an uninterruptible power supply 3. Which of the following terms describes over-voltage in a power line? A. Blackout B. Brownout C. Line Noise D. Power surge 4. Which of the following terms describes power failing completely? A. Blackout B. Brownout C. Line Noise D. Power surge 5. Which of the following terms describes under-voltage in a power line? A. Blackout B. Brownout C. Line Noise D. Power surge 6. Which of the following terms describes a device being destroyed all at once in a single event? A. Disaster B. Compromised C. Degradation D. Catastrophic 14

15 7. Which of the following terms describes a condition of a device that is damaged over a period of instances and begins to fail or has intermittent problems? A. Disaster B. Compromised C. Degradation D. Catastrophic 8. Which of the following terms describes the voltage at which the suppressor begins to protect the computer? A. Conditioned voltage B. Suppressed voltage C. Beginning voltage D. Clamping voltage 9. Which of the following terms describes the time lapse before the surge protection begins, or how much time elapses between detection and protection? A. Conditioned speed B. Suppressed speed C. Clamping speed D. Beginning speed 10. Which of the following is the primary component of a surge suppressor? A. Metal Oxide Varistor B. Clamping voltage C. Clamping speed D. Line conditioner 11. If your computer shares an extension cord with an appliance, which of the following will soon cause some major problems? A. Brownouts B. Line noise C. Power surges D. Clamping voltage 12. Which of the following external power problems are more frustrating than damaging? A. Line noise B. Brownouts C. Blackouts D. Power surge 15

16 Student Name: Date: POWER QUALITY AND PROTECTION KEY 1. Which of the following devices can supply backup power to a PC when the electricity fails and provides for line conditioning as well? A. SPS B. UPS C. Line conditioner D. Surge suppressor 2. When are you subjecting your computer to the greatest risk of external power problems? A. When you plug your computer directly into the wall socket B. When you plug your computer directly into a line conditioner C. When you plug your computer directly into a surge suppressor D. When you plug your computer directly into an uninterruptible power supply 3. Which of the following terms describes over-voltage in a power line? A. Blackout B. Brownout C. Line Noise D. Power surge 4. Which of the following terms describes power failing completely? A. Blackout B. Brownout C. Line Noise D. Power surge 5. Which of the following terms describes under-voltage in a power line? A. Blackout B. Brownout C. Line Noise D. Power surge 6. Which of the following terms describes a device being destroyed all at once in a single event? A. Disaster B. Compromised C. Degradation D. Catastrophic 16

17 7. Which of the following terms describes a condition of a device that is damaged over a period of instances and begins to fail or has intermittent problems? A. Disaster B. Compromised C. Degradation D. Catastrophic 8. Which of the following terms describes the voltage at which the suppressor begins to protect the computer? A. Conditioned voltage B. Suppressed voltage C. Beginning voltage D. Clamping voltage 9. Which of the following terms describes the time lapse before the surge protection begins, or how much time elapses between detection and protection? A. Conditioned speed B. Suppressed speed C. Clamping speed D. Beginning speed 10. Which of the following is the primary component of a surge suppressor? A. Metal Oxide Varistor B. Clamping voltage C. Clamping speed D. Line conditioner 11. If your computer shares an extension cord with an appliance, which of the following will soon cause some major problems? A. Brownouts B. Line noise C. Power surges D. Clamping voltage 12. Which of the following external power problems are more frustrating than damaging? A. Line noise B. Brownouts C. Blackouts D. Power surge 17