Year Dagestan Ingushetia Chechnya Russian Federation
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1 Appendix 2: Chronology Year Dagestan Ingushetia Chechnya Russian Federation November 1922 December 1936 February 1944 Creation of the autonomous region of Chechnya Creation of the Autonomous Republic of Chechen-Ingushetia The Republic is dismantled on Stalin s orders. Mass deportation of its inhabitants Restoration of Chechen-Ingushetia Prigorodny District, which had a mainly Ingush population and which was incorporated into North Ossetia when the Ingush and Chechens were deported in 1944, was not restored, depriving the Republic of 40 per cent of its territory. The district includes some of Vladikavkaz s suburbs Dzhokhar Dudayev is elected president. Chechnya declares independence on 1 Moscow rejects this. State of emergency proclaimed. In a December referendum, the Ingush districts vote for the creation of a Republic of Ingushetia that is part of the Russian Federation War breaks out between the Ingush and Ossetians over Prigorodny. Russian forces intervene on the side of the Ossetians Ruslan Aushev is elected president of Ingushetia Chechens refuse to sign the Russian Federation Treaty and promulgate their own constitution in March. Russian troops withdraw. Chechnya refuses to take part in the Russian presidential election and to adopt the new Russian constitution. Chechen parliament dissolved. Russian intervention starts First Chechen War. Presidential election, adoption of a new constitution.
2 1996 2,000 people are taken hostage by Chechen rebels Gen. Lebed and Aslan Maskhadov sign Khasav-Yurt Accord in August. A referendum on Chechnya s status is to be held by Aslan Maskhadov is elected president, defeating Islamist warlord Shamil Basayev, who goes on to be prime minister. Growing tension between secular nationalists and Islamist warlords who are turning to Wahhabism Ruslan Aushev is reelected president of Ingushetia A Chechen rebel incursion into Dagestan is condemned by the Maskhadov government. Start of Second Chechen War. After an incursion from Chechnya into Dagestan by Islamist fighters led by Shamil Basayev and Commander Khattab, the Russian federal authorities launch an anti-terrorist September and cease to recognise the Maskhadov government. The Russians bomb Grozny and other parts of the country. In September, the federal authorities blame a series of bombings in the south of the country on Chechens Between 150,000 and 250,000 refugees flood into Ingushetia from Chechnya, almost doubling its population. Aushev welcomes the refugees, appeals to the UNHCR for help and urges Moscow to negotiate with Chechnya is placed under direct Russian presidential rule in March. Chief Mufti Akhmad Kadyrov is appointed president in June. President Vladimir Putin announces the end of the operations in Chechnya in February but nonetheless sends reinforcements.
3 Maskhadov Ruslan Aushev resigns as president and is replaced by former KGB general Murat Zyazikov. The refugees are gradually deported back to Chechnya. Tensions mount in Ingushetia. First disappearances of Ingush civilians in June Attacks on interior ministry posts and police posts in June by a force of about 1,000 Chechen and Ingush rebels leave about 100 dead and as many wounded. The attacks are claimed by Shamil Basayev. A pro-russian government is installed in Grozny. With no international observers, a referendum is held on a new constitution and a new way of electing the president and parliament. 96 per cent reportedly vote yes. elections. In the absence of a serious rival, Kremlin candidate Akhmad Kadyrov is elected president in October with 82 per cent of the votes. President Kadyrov is killed by a bomb in a Grozny football stadium that is claimed by Shamil Basayev. Former interior minister Alu Alkhanov is elected to replace him. Russian soldiers based in Chechnya are allowed to vote in the election. The interior ministry is put in charge of antiterrorist operations in Chechnya. The Russian high command claims victory in Chechnya but the violence continues. Chechen rebels take several hundred people hostage in a Moscow theatre in October. The death of 130 of the hostages when Russian special forces retake the theatre sparks a controversy.. Hundreds are taken hostage in a school in Beslan (North Ossetia) on 1 September. The authorities say more than 330 people die (half of them children) when Russian special forces retake the school. Shamil Basayev claims the attack on the school Aslan Maskhadov s death in a special forces operation is announced in March.
4 The pro-putin party wins parliamentary elections in 2006 Kremlin public enemy No. 1 Shamil Basayev, vice-president of the rebel Republic of Ichkeria, is eliminated in Ingushetia in July. Around 50 separatist fighters surrender in August. Anna Politkovskaya, a reporter for the Moscow-based biweekly Novaya Gazeta who has often criticised the Russian government in her coverage of the war in Chechnya, is killed in the hall of her Moscow apartment building on 7 October Rebel raid on the village of Alyurt in July. Ingushetiya.ru posts one of the few reports on the raid. The Ingush opposition calls for President Murat Zyazikov s departure, accusing him of doing nothing in the face of an increase in disappearances. The local authorities announce an antiterrorist Nazran, the former Ingush capital. The press is prevented from covering it. Crackdown on demonstrations calling for Zyazikov s departure and accusing him of tolerating disappearances and kidnappings for ransom. Journalist Magomed Yevloyev, the owner of Ingushetiya.ru (which thereafter becomes Ingushetia.org), is shot dead while in custody on 31 August. Zyazikov is forced to resign on 30 October. He is replaced by Yunus- Putin accepts Alu Alkhanov s resignation in February appoints Akhmad Kadyrov s son Ramzan Kadyrov, as interim president. He is officially installed on 5 April. Ruslan Yamadayev, a former Chechnya representative in the Duma and brother of the commander of the Russian army s Vostok battalion, is gunned down at the wheel of his car in Moscow in September. The trial of three men accused of taking part in Novaya Gazeta reporter Anna Politkovskaya s murder opens in Moscow in
5 The local authorities announce an antiterrorist Nazran, the former Ingush capital. The press is prevented from covering it. Crackdown on demonstrations calling for Zyazikov s departure and accusing him of tolerating disappearances and kidnappings for ransom. Journalist Magomed Yevloyev, the owner of Ingushetiya.ru (which Ruslan Yamadayev, a former Chechnya representative in the Duma and brother of the commander of the Russian army s Vostok battalion, is gunned down at the wheel of his car in Moscow in September. The trial of three men accused of taking part in Novaya Gazeta reporter Anna Politkovskaya s murder opens in Moscow in
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