Technical Means of Automation

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Madeleine West
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1 Technical Means of Automation Industrial Networks Institute of Information Engineering, Automation and Mathematics December 1, 2015

2 Outline Industrial Communication Field buses Industrial networks Network topology Network media Protocols 2/30

3 Industrial Communication 3/30

4 Fieldbus Fieldbus is an industrial network system for real-time distributed control. It is a way to connect instruments in a manufacturing plant. IEC specification There are a wide variety of competing fieldbus standards. Some of the most widely used ones include: CAN EtherCAT Modbus Profibus BITBUS 4/30

5 Industrial Networks What are industrial networks and why do we use them? Primarily we use industrial networks for process control, monitoring, or both. Benefits are: Reduces project cycle time Data acquisition Space decentralization Safety (troubleshooting) 5/30

6 Industrial Networks What are industrial networks protocols? Common misconception: It is a language (partially true). Industrial network protocol is a set of rules that are defined on three main aspects of network: Topology (What is the principal structure of network?) Media (Here we speak about cables.) Language (How can the devices talk to each other?) 6/30

7 Industrial Networks Topology Linear Topology also called Daisy chain simplest form serial network (e.q. Modbus) adding nodes requires breaking the chain 7/30

8 Industrial Networks Topology Bus Topology nodes are connected to one common bus simple form used as common type in industry (Profibus, Modbus, etc.) adding/removing nodes is simple 8/30

9 Industrial Networks Topology Tree Topology branched structure network subdivision can contain linear and bus sub-networks common for computer networks, but also for industrial network protocols (DeviceNet) 9/30

10 Industrial Networks Topology Star Topology one common node information flows through one place common for Ethernet protocols 10/30

11 Industrial Networks Topology Ring Topology redundancy very common in industrial and safety-critical application works even in one line brake-down 11/30

12 Industrial Networks Media How do we connect industrial devices together? Through cables of course. Copper cables: Low capacitance Shielded/Unshielded Network length Termination Number of conductors: RS422/RS-485 Ethernet (Half Duplex, Full Duplex) 12/30

13 Industrial Networks Media Fiber optic cables: Extended network lengths Noise immunity Requires industry standard connectors More expensive 13/30

14 Industrial Networks Design and Types Network / Protocol Types: Master - slave Multiple master Client - server Peer-to-peer Open protocol Communication protocol (standard) is publicly available. Proprietary protocol Communication protocol (standard) that is by an organization. 14/30

15 Industrial Networks Design and Types Governing authorities: Develop the specifications of a protocol May be comprised of many members Modbus Modbus Organization ( EtherNet/IP, DeviceNet Open DeviceNet Vendors Association, Inc. ( Profibus, Profinet PI Organization ( 15/30

16 Common Industrial Network Protocols Communication interface: RS-232/422/485 Communication type: Master - Slave (serial) Modbus RTU 2 serial transmission modes: ASCII RTU (Binary) acyclic messages Other properties: Speed: 9.6 Kbps Kbps Number of nodes 247 Publicly available 16/ 30

Common Industrial Network Protocols Modbus TCP Communication interface: Ethernet (Cat5) Uses TCP Ethernet frames to transfer Modbus RTU information Communication type: Client - Server

17 Common Industrial Network Protocols Modbus TCP Communication interface: Ethernet (Cat5) Uses TCP Ethernet frames to transfer Modbus RTU information Communication type: Client - Server communication Allows more flexible topology: Can have multiple masters Can have many more nodes Allows multiple protocols in nodes (HTTP, FTP,...) Client - Server acyclic messages 17/30

18 Common Industrial Network Protocols HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) Sending and receiving digital information across analog wires between smart devices and control or monitoring system bi-directional communication protocol (half-duplex) communication interface: modem frequency modulated transport medium: 2 copper wires (the same as 4-20mA) speed: communicates at 1200 bps maximum attached devices: basic mode = 1 multi mode = 15 latest revision = 63 18/30

19 HART 19/30

20 Open Automation Networking Standards Profibus and Profinet 20/30

21 Profibus Two versions DP - Decentralized Peripherals PA - Process Automation (alternative to HART) Mater Slave / Multi Master serial protocol Cyclic / acyclic Communication interface: RS-485 Transport medium: copper wires / optics / wireless Speed: DP 9.6 kbps - 12 Mbps PA kbps maximum attached devices: 124 (32 per segment) 21/30

22 Profibus 22/30

23 Profibus DP Multimaster Polling 23/30

24 Profinet Communication: Full-duplex serial Peer-to-peer cyclic / acyclic Communication interface: Etherneth (TCP/IP) Three protocol levels: TCP/IP for Component Based Automation (CBA) and commissioning of the plant (reaction time in hundreds of milliseconds) RT (real-time) protocol for CBA and IO applications (up to 10ms) IRT (Isochronous Real-Time) for IO applications in drive systems (less than 1ms) Speed: 100 Mbps 10 Gbps Maximum attached devices: unlimited addressing: DHCP / manual 24/30

25 Profinet Profinet Cycle Time 25/30

26 Profinet Profinet Cycle Time 26/30

27 Profinet 27/30

28 Industrial Network Selection What is important? Control, monitoring, or both Industry acceptance Different industries prefer/adopt different protocols Protocol support from multiple vendors Topology Redundancy Future expandability Easy to implement Special hardware requirements 28/30

29 Industrial Network Selection What is important? Reliability Network up-time Response times Deterministic Network security Ethernet Multiple masters / multiple protocols Product conformance certification 29/30

30 Industrial Network Selection What is important? Environmental concerns Operating temperature Noise immunity Serviceability Special hardware Support availability Network / Protocol familiarity Troubleshooting hardware / software Protocol gateways 30/30

Using the AnyBus -X Gateway to Communicate between a DVT camera and a Profibus Master

Using the AnyBus -X Gateway to Communicate between a DVT camera and a Profibus Master Page 1 of 13 Table of Contents 1 OVERVIEW... 3 2 INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING THE ANYBUS -X GENERIC GATEWAY AND ETHERNET