How To Manage A Project

Transcription

1 Associazione Italiana di Ingegneria Economica (The Italian Association for Total Cost Management) Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects Ing. Gianluca di Castri AICE, President (on behalf of the ICEC)

2 AGENDA Classification of projects Definition of Total Cost Management in relation to Project Management and Project Controls Semantics Competence - Certification Total Cost Management and Major Infrastructural Projects Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 2

3 Classification of projects: hard or soft Military Project Engineering and Construction Task oriented, standardized major organisaations Construction Automotive Information technology Research Design Engineering Logistics Small groups highly qualified Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 3

4 Deterministic or stochastic Strategic projects: still under feasibility study, strategic planning, can be actually performed, replaced by other projects or cancelled Deterministic projects: construction already decided, scheduling (PERT, PDM) and budgeting Some major projects can still have some strategic interfrerences, parts or aspects mese ANNO Titolo della relazione 4

5 Engineering & Construction Engineering & Construction projects are changing «Soft» projects are evolving as well. Involvment of more complex organisation, extension to other stake holders. Extension of the «project» horizontally (programme, portfolio) and vertically (life cycle) Several controlling or monitoring organisations, from different parties, interact with the project management Systemic view New criteria to measure progress, performance, productiveness >>>> effectiveness and efficiency mese ANNO Titolo della relazione 5

6 The IMEC sample International Program in the Management of Engineering and Construction 1.62 infrastructural or industrial projects - average U.S.$ 2.Strategic phase 79 months, engineering & constrruction 49 months 3.Non recourse project financing 4.Associated ownership and end users 5.Lump sum, turn key contracts, sometimes with or associative clauses 6.Dispute review board, continuous commissioning mese ANNO Titolo della relazione 6

7 Total Cost Management Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 7

8 TCM referred to infrastructural projects Total Cost Management Project Project Management Management Project Project Controls Controls Planning Planning Scheduling Scheduling Controlling Controlling Engineering Engineering Project Project Metrics Metrics Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 8

9 Semantics There is some confusion between the term used for professions and the terminology relevant to the disciplines (body of knowledge / competence) needed for the profession itself. The terms project, controls, manager, director and others are not semantically equivalent in all languages. For instance: the Italian controllo and the French contrôle have a restrictive meaning if compared to the English controls, the Italian progetto does not mean project but design + engineering, in military terminology, even in English, command and controls have a different meaning. Then the first challenge shall be to issue a multilingual glossary in the main languages, it is an ISO project that starts from the work already done by AFITEP in year Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 9

10 Semantics Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 10

11 Project Management & Controls in Europe 1. No complete understanding of project controls (maîtrise de projet, controllo di progetto) vs. project management (management de projet, gestione di progetto), ther boundaries seems to be less defined 2. In European engineering & construction companies the project controls can be either subordinate to the management or a function within the administratuve branch 3. Properly project controls should be an «indirect functional area» in staff to the general management 4. Project controls (monitoring, auditing) exist at other levels (employer, owner, end user, banks and financial institutions, government authorities, etc.9 Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 11

12 Project Management Apply knowledge, competences and methodology to the management of a complex project Scope Time Resources (costs) mese ANNO Titolo della relazione 12

13 Project controls (in engineering & construction) TECHNICAL Actual progress Planned progress Workload Standard Planned Actual ECONOMICS BCWP, EV BCWS ACCOUNTING ACWP Traditionally: comparison of planned to actual, deviation managed by exceptions. Through EARNED VALUE: monthly overall calculation of the expected time and cost mese ANNO Titolo della relazione 13

14 Competence & professional certification Y Ability Self-taught unqualified operative SENIOR PROFESSIONAL CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL Teacher JUNIOR PROFESSIONAL Competence Theoretical Scholar Personal skills Z Knowledge (know how) Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 14 X

15 Certification & management styles Management skills Manager Clerks Employees Leader Artist Certification Creative skills Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 15

16 TCM in Major Infrastructural Projects GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES PUBLIC END USER Investors Controlling or Project Monitoring Authorities OWNER Feasibility Planning OWNER EMPLOYER Programme Management Banking system and Money lenders Design - Owner Engineering Project Monitoring Project Auditing EPCC OPERATIONS Project Management & Project Control ENGINEERING PROCUREME NT CONSTRUCTION COMMISSIONING Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 16

17 TCM in Major Infrastructural Projects GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES PUBLIC END USER Investors PROGRAMME PORTFOLIO Multiproject Controlling or Project Monitoring Authorities Project Management & Project Control OWNER Feasibility Planning Design - Owner Engineering EPCC ENGINEERING OWNER EMPLOYER PROCUREME NT Programme Management Project Monitoring CONSTRUCTION Banking system and Money lenders Project Auditing OPERATIONS COMMISSIONING Project Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 17

18 TCM in Major Infrastructural Projects Total Cost Management has to do with the whole life cycle of a project, starting from the strategic and feasibility phase until operation and later on revamping or dismission. Owner Consultants General Contractor Design Tender E P C C Management & Controls Engineering Logistics Construction Commissioning Operations Planning Planning General Supervizsion Coordination Operation Design Contractual structure Project Monitoring Owner Engineering Testing Maintenance Feasibility Negotiation and decision Handing over Estimating Budgeting and Financing Project Director - Programme Manager Plant Manager Tender design Management Engineering Procurement Construcion ManagementCommissioning Assistance Scheduling Scheduling Transportation Prefabrication Operation tests Guarantee Estimating Budget Site Engineering Warehousing Construction Reliability tests Maintenance Controls As built drawings Precommissioning Reporting Accounting Proposal Mgr Project Control Mgr. Start-up Mgr. Project Mgr Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 18

19 TCM in Major Infrastructural Projects Strategy E P C C Project phases Operations General Contractor Proposal Mgr Project Mgr Project Director Project Controls (at different levels) Planning - Design Project Monitoring Owner Engineering Owner Plant Mgr o eqv. Programme Mgr / Dir Total Cost Management Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 19

20 Major Infrastructural Projects - Integration Strategy - Operations Territory EPCC execution Life cycle Owner - Employer Engineering & Construction Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 20

21 oggettiwbs AREAS vv INFORMAZIONE RIFERITA AD UN COMPONENTE Schedule Systemic view Attività (ABS) INGEGNERIA (Engineering) COMPUTO METRICO Articoli Categoria merceologica Componente di appartenenza Quantità Documentazione di riferimento CATEGORIA Lavori Meccanici CLASSE AGGREGATA Tubazioni Prodotti in acciaio al carbonio WBS - per Base di dati SOTTOCLASSI FASI DI LAVORAZIONE COMPOSIZIONE DELLE FASI SOTTOCLASSE Tubaz. Aq 6" CLASSE Tubaz Aq da 6 a 12 " Prodotti a specifica Classificazione merceologica Impianto X Sistema vapore Approvvigionamento ARTICOLO Sottosistema distribuzione strumenti Prefabbricazione COMPO NENTE INFORMAZIONE Struttura contrattuale Sottocentro di Gestione WBS - per Centro di Gestione Area A FUNZIONE OBIETTIVO Lavori meccanici Fase 1 Impianto X Fase 2 Mecc. Costruzione Fase 3 Costruzione PBS -Proj ectbreakdowm OBS - Organizzazione - Proj ect Manager Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 21

22 Apulia kmq about 4 million people Gross product «pro capite» about (to be compared with in Italy as a whole) year 2009, Main infrastructures (history): Railway Naples to Bari, started 1856 Water main system, started in 1906, completed about 1950 In progress: Improvement of road nework ( ) Interporto (regional project, with EU finance) Housing Solar power, windmills mese ANNO Titolo della relazione 22

23 Books for reference A guide to the Project management Body of Knowledge - (ANSI/PMI ) Skills & knowledge of Cost Engineering - (AACE Intl, 1999) Oberlender Project Management for Engineering and Construction - (Mc Graw Hill, 2000) Hackney, Humphreys Control & management of Capital Projects - (AACE Intl, 1997) Industrial Engineering Projects - (Spon, 1997) Lezioni di Project Management - (ANIMP, Etas Libri, 1992) Patrone, di Castri Lineamenti di Ingegneria Economica - (Alinea, 1999) Gianluca di Castri Project management per l edilizia - (Flaccovio, 2009) AFITEP Dictionnaire de Management de Projet - (AFNOR, 2000) Miller & Lessard The Strategic Management of Large Engineering Projects (Massachussets Instutute of Technology, 2000) NETLIPSE (Hertogh, Baker, Staal-Ong, Westerveld) Managing Large Infrastructure Projects (AT Osborne 2008) Jaeger & Hök FIDIC, a Guide for Practitioners (Springer, 2010) Controlling Major Infrastructural Projects 23

24 Associazione Italiana di Ingegneria Economica (The Italian Association for Total Cost Management) membro dell ICEC (International Cost Engineering Council) c/o FAST, p.le Morandi, Milano info@aice-it.org Ing. Gianluca di Castri: gianluca.dicastri@aice-it.org