Characteristics of the Text Genre Fantasy Text Structure

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1 LESSON 10 TEACHER S GUIDE by Elena Rufino Fountas-Pinnell Level E Informational Text Selection Summary On her birthday, Toad visits her friends Frog, Turtle, and Spider, and finds that each is preparing something she likes. When Toad comes to the pond, the friends are ready with their prepared items cake, hats, and balloons for Toad s birthday party. Number of Words: 144 Characteristics of the Text Genre Fantasy Text Structure Content Themes and Ideas Language and Literary Features Sentence Complexity Vocabulary Words Illustrations Book and Print Features Third-person narrative with repetitive elements Events lead to predictable surprise ending. Birthday with friends Friends do nice things for each other. Birthdays are special, happy events. Readers can fi gure out something that a story character doesn t know. Light humor Simple dialogue Simple sequence of events Sentences of seven words or fewer Repeated sentence patterns: Toad hopped to s house. Hello,! said Toad. Hello, said. Dialogue with direct address: Happy birthday, Toad! said Turtle and Spider. Words likely to be known through oral language and supported by illustrations Birthday words: cake, hat, balloons, happy birthday Some target vocabulary highlighted in text One- and two-syllable words Possessive nouns, such as Frog s Words with endings -ed and -ing Illustrations convey playfulness. Humorous illustration above text on each of nine pages Each sentence begins on a new line; some two-line sentences. Some objects in pictures are labeled Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida Printed in the U.S.A If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

2 by Elena Rufino Build Background Read the title to children and have them point out details in the cover illustration that show a birthday party. Ask them to identify Toad and tell what she seems to be doing. Anticipate the text with questions like these: How do you think Toad might feel about her birthday? What are some things that friends do to celebrate a birthday? Front-Load Vocabulary Some everyday words may be unfamiliar to English learners. Before reading, check understanding of the following words: birthday, friends, hopped, making, eat, blowing, balloons, pond. Introduce the Text Guide children through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Call their attention to any labels. Point out sentence patterns that are repeated throughout the story. Here are some suggestions: Page 2: Tell children that the story takes place on Toad s birthday. Explain that some of the pictures in this book have labels to name things. Suggested language: Turn to page 2. Look at the labels in the picture. One label says Toad. Look at the bubbles coming from Toad s head. This shows what Toad is thinking about. The bubbles are labeled with the word friends. Toad wants to see her friends. Her friends are Spider, Frog, and Turtle. Why might Toad be thinking about her friends? Page 4: Explain that Toad is visiting Frog at his house. Frog says: I am making a cake. You can see the cake in the picture. It is labeled, too. Toad says: I like to eat cake. Say eat. The word eat begins with the letter e. Find the word eat and put your fi nger under it. What might Toad be hoping for? Page 6: Remind children that they can use information in the pictures to help them read. Look at the picture on page 6. Read the label. What is Turtle making? Toad says: I like hats. What kinds of hats is Turtle making? Who do you think the hats are for? Cultural Support: Explain the concept of a surprise party to children who may be unfamiliar with that tradition. Now turn back to the beginning of the story and read to fi nd out more about Toad s friends and her birthday. Words to Know eat friend happy house like want 2 Lesson 10:

3 Read As children read, observe them carefully. Guide them as needed, using language that supports their problem-solving ability. Respond to the Text Personal Response Invite children to share their personal responses to the story. Begin by asking what they liked best about the story, or what they found interesting. Suggested language: How do you think Toad feels at the end of the story? Have you ever felt that way? Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, make sure children understand these teaching points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text Toad visits Frog, Turtle, and Spider. Each friend is making something for Toad s birthday party. Toad s friends bring their cake, hats, and balloons to her birthday party. Surprise parties can be confusing at first for the birthday person. Birthdays are happy times for friends to share. The writer has the characters say almost the same thing each time Toad visits another friend. The pictures show how Toad feels and what she seems to be thinking Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Choices for Support Fluency Invite children to choose two pages that show Toad visiting one friend. Have them read the text aloud. Remind them to pay attention to quotation marks to sound like the character who is speaking. Phonemic Awareness and Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and sounds, using one of the following activities: Clapping Syllables Say each of these words from the book, and have children clap once or twice as they say the syllable or syllables: birth/day, Toad, bal/loons, Spi/der, Frog, cake, Tur/tle, hap/py. Adding ing Write these base words for children: make, blow. Have children fi nd and write the word in the story that is made of the base word and the ending -ing (making, page 6; blowing, page 8). Help children practice adding ing to other base words from the story, including want, hop, and like. 3 Lesson 10:

4 Writing About Reading Critical Thinking Read the directions for children on BLM 10.9 and guide them in answering the questions. Responding Read aloud the questions at the back of the book and help children complete the activities. Target Comprehension Skill Story Structure Tell children that they can think about a story by answering the questions Who? Where? and What happens? Model how to think about the structure of a story: Think Aloud Who is the story about? Toad is the main character. Where does the story take place? It takes place in the homes of Toad s friends and at the pond. What happens? Toad visits Frog, Turtle, and Spider. Each of them is making something that Toad likes. At the end, they bring their things to her birthday party. Practice the Skill Have children answer the questions Who? and Where? about another story they know. Writing Prompt Read aloud the following prompt. Have children draw and write their response, using the writing prompt on page 6. At the end of the story, Toad s friends say, Happy Birthday. What might Toad do and say next? Draw a picture that could be on the next page of the story. Write a sentence to tell what Toad does or what she says. 4 Lesson 10:

5 Read directions to children. English Language Learners Cultural Support: Birthdays Children may not be familiar with birthday party traditions, such as the cake with candles, balloons and hats. Provide any needed explanations. Oral Language Development Check the children s comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches their English proficiency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the child. Beginning/ Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced Speaker 1: Where is Toad? Speaker 2: [points to Toad] Speaker 1: What is Frog making? Speaker 2: a cake Speaker 1: Who is making hats? Speaker 2: Turtle is making hats. Speaker 1: What does Toad say about balloons? Speaker 2: She says she likes them. Speaker 1: Who are Toad s friends? Speaker 2: Toad s friends are Frog, Turtle, and Spider. Speaker 1: What do they bring to Toad s party? Speaker 2: They bring a cake, hats, and balloons. Name Lesson 10 BLACKLINE MASTER 10.9 Write the word that completes each sentence. 1. Turtle makes hats for Toad s birthday. hats balloons kites 2. Toad feels happy with her friends at the pond. upset sad happy Making Connections Think of how Toad feels when she first goes to the pond and then how she feels after she gets there. Draw a picture of Toad s face before and after. Label your picture.. All rights reserved. 11, Unit 2: Sharing Time 5 Lesson 10:

6 Name Date At the end of the story, Toad s friends say, Happy Birthday. What might Toad do and say next? Draw a picture that could be on the next page of the story. Write a sentence to tell what Toad does or what she says. 6 Lesson 10:

7 Name Lesson 10 BLACKLINE MASTER 10.9 Write the word that completes each sentence. 1. Turtle makes for Toad s birthday. hats balloons kites 2. Toad feels with her friends at the pond. upset sad happy Making Connections Think of how Toad feels when she first goes to the pond and then how she feels after she gets there. Draw a picture of Toad s face before and after. Label your picture. 7 Lesson 10:

8 Student Date Lesson 10 BLACKLINE MASTER LEVEL E Running Record Form page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections 2 Today is my birthday, said Toad. I want to see my friends. 3 Toad hopped to Frog s house. Hello,Frog! said Toad. Hello, said Frog. 4 I am making a cake, said Frog. I like to eat cake, said Toad. I like cake, too, said Frog. Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/44 100) % Self-Correction Rate (# errors + # Self-Corrections/ Self-Corrections) 1: Behavior Code Error Read word correctly cat 0 Repeated word, sentence, or phrase Omission cat 0 cat 1 Behavior Code Error Substitution cut cat 1 Self-corrects cut sc cat Insertion the ˆcat 1 Word told T 1 cat Lesson 10: