Near future... The Beginning

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1 Near future... The Beginning

2 Optical and Surface Properties of Nanoparticles: OPNA M. Räsänen, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, PCL, UH M. Kulmala, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, ATMO, UH A. Laaksonen, Department of Applied Physics, APKU, UKU K. Nordlund, Accelerator Laboratory, ALSIM, UH J. Keinonen, Accelerator Laboratory, ALEXP, UH A. Lehto, Materials Science and Engineering, MATSE, HUT S. Novikov, Electron Physics Laboratory, EPL, HUT J. Lahtinen, Laboratory of Physics, SSG, HUT D. Sundholm, Laboratory for Instruction in Swedish, LIS, UH

3 Si n in SiO 2 matrix - < 10 nm, molecular-beam deposition - Important: interface, crystallinity and stress SiO 2 SiO 2 Si n

4 Problem no:1 Fast optical gain from Si n nanoparticles, embedded in SiO 2 Excitation of photoluminescence? States and structures responsible for luminescence? Structure of the interface layer?

5 Problem no:2 Manipulation of the phonon band of Si n nanoclusters embedded in SiO 2 Possibilities to establish a 3-d optical memory

6 Problem no:3 Production and soft-landing of nanoaerosols Trapping them in inert surroundings at low temperatures Optical and spectroscopic properties Diffusion of impurities onto and into the nanoaerosol

7 Most important collaborations within OPNA consortium 5. Synthesis EPL, Electrical Engineering, HUT Dr. Sergey Novikov Synthesis of nanoclusters in solids 10. Samples and 16. Optical and structural properties 7. Samples 9. Samples and 17. Optical and structural properties ALEXP, Physics, Univ. Helsinki Prof. Juhani Keinonen Ion beam synthesis of nanoclusters 6. Samples 12. Metal nanoclusters 15. Metal nanoclusters for matrices APKU, Physics, Univ. Kuopio Prof. Ari Laaksonen Growth and its characterization PCL, Chemistry, Univ. Helsinki Prof. Markku Räsänen Optical Functionality 20. Chemical properties 21. Samples ATMO, Physics, Univ. Helsinki Prof. Markku Kulmala Growth and surface functionality MATSE, Materials Science, HUT Prof. Ari Lehto Electron microscopy characterization 11. Structure 8. Samples 2. Modeling of ion beam synthesis 13. Samples and 19. Surface structure SSG, Physics, HUT Doc. Jouko Lahtinen Characterization of chemical bonding 18. Optical properties: theory vs. experiment 22. Modelling 4. Models of growth 3. Modeling of surface chemistry ALSIM, Physics, Univ. Helsinki Prof. Kai Nordlund Modeling of growth and interfaces 14. Surface and interface structure LIS, Chemistry, Univ. Helsinki Doc. Dage Sundholm Modeling of optical properties 1. Interface structure

8 GETTING LIGHT FROM SILICON 1. Si nanocrystals in a SiO 2 matrix show visible and near-ir light emissio 2. Optical gain was demonstrated for Si nanocrystrals L. Pavesi et al. Nature 408, 440 (2000); L. Khriachtchev et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1249 (2001) and many more recent reports 3. These results give promises for a nano-si laser Raman intensity As grown (a-si) Annealed (Si-nc) Raman shift (cm -1 ) Raman and photoluminescence spectra of a Si/SiO 2 superlattice: Effect of annealing Data from Khriachtchev et al. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 5856 (2002) Photoluminescence Annealed As grown Wavelength (nm)

9 Challenges in Si-nanoparticles Understanding the emitting phase Structure and role of the interface layer between Si n and SiO 2 matrix Optimizing of fast optical gain Additional doping of the Si nanostructures Laser annealing of the silicon nanoclusters, generation of local stress Optical memory

10 Insight from theory The entire system of a Si nanocluster embedded in SiO 2 can be simulated on an atomistic level Appropriate interatomic potentials are in use already in the Nordlund group The simulations can provide e.g. the following insights: Structure of cluster and Si/SiO 2 interface comparison with TEM experiments of Lehto group How does laser processing affect stress direct comparison with experiments of Räsänen group Structure of nanoclusters and defects: input into quantum chemical simulations of Sundholm group

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13 Department of Physical Sciences is a multidisciplinary, high-level research and education institute Physicum Accelerator Laboratory

14 Research equipment Accelerators 1. Tandem accelerator (TAMIA, 5 MV) 1.a) equipment for accelerator mass spectrometry 2. High current ion implanter (KIIA, 500 kv) 3. Low-energy ion deposition accelerator (LEIDA, 30 kv) 4. Low-energy ion accelerator (LEIA, 5 kv) Research areas 4. Applied physics Materials physics Computational materials physics

15 Highlight of research NanoBalls NanoBalls (< 100 nm) of Cu, Ag, and SiO 2

16 Highlight of research We identified light-emitting defects and epitaxy mechanisms in alkali-ion-implanted quartz [J. Keinonen et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 (2006) ]

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18 Nanocluster deposition equipment Atomic force microscope New research equipment 500 kv ion implanter 30 kv ion accelerator for deposition

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