Acid-Base Theories. Properties of Acids and Bases

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Acid-Base Theories. Properties of Acids and Bases"

Transcription

1 Acid-Base Theories Bracken Cave, near San Antonio, Texas, is home to twenty to forty million bats. Visitors to the cave must protect themselves from the dangerous levels of ammonia in the cave. Ammonia is a byproduct of the bats urine. You will learn why ammonia is considered a base. 1 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases What are the properties of acids and bases? 2 of 35 1

2 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases Acids Taste sour Will change the color of an acid-base indicator, Can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solution. 3 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases Citrus fruits contain citric acid. Tea contains tannic acid. 4 of 35 2

3 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases Bases Taste bitter Feel slippery Will change the color of an acid-base indicator Can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solution. 5 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases Antacids use bases to neutralize excess stomach acid. The base calcium hydroxide is a component of mortar. 6 of 35 3

4 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases Arrhenius Acids and Bases How did Arrhenius define an acid and a base? 7 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases Arrhenius said that: Acids are hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield hydrogen ions (H + ) in aqueous solution. Bases are compounds that ionize to yield hydroxide ions (OH ) in aqueous solution. 8 of 35 4

5 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases Hydrochloric Acid 9 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases Arrhenius Acids Acids that contain one ionizable hydrogen, such as nitric acid (HNO 3 ), are called monoprotic acids. Acids that contain two ionizable hydrogens, such as sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), are called diprotic acids. Acids that contain three ionizable hydrogens, such as phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) are called triprotic acids. 10 of 35 5

6 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases 11 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases Arrhenius Bases Hydroxide ions are one of the products of the dissolution of an alkali metal in water. 12 of 35 6

7 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases 13 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases Milk of magnesia is a base used as an antacid. 14 of 35 7

8 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases What distinguishes an acid from a base in the Brønsted-Lowry theory? 15 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines an acid as a hydrogen-ion donor, and a base as a hydrogen-ion acceptor. 16 of 35 8

9 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Why Ammonia is a Base 17 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Conjugate Acids and Bases A conjugate acid is the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion. A conjugate base is the particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion. 18 of 35 9

10 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion. A substance that can act as both an acid and a base is said to be amphoteric. 19 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 20 of 35 10

11 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases A water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion becomes a positively charged hydronium ion (H 3 O + ). 21 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases Lewis Acids and Bases How did Lewis define an acid and a base? 22 of 35 11

12 Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases Lewis proposed that an acid accepts a pair of electrons during a reaction, while a base donates a pair of electrons. 23 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. A Lewis base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. 24 of 35 12

13 Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases Animation 25 Compare the three important definitions of acids and bases. 25 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases 26 of 35 13

14 Acid-Base Theories > 27 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > 28 of 35 14

15 Acid-Base Theories > 29 of 35 Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem Problem Solving Solve Problem 1 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial. 30 of 35 15

Chapter 19: Acids and Bases Homework Packet (50 pts) Name: Score: / 50

Chapter 19: Acids and Bases Homework Packet (50 pts) Name: Score: / 50 Chapter 19: Acids and Bases Homework Packet (50 pts) Topic pg Section 19.1 1-3 Section 19.2 3-6 Section 19.3 6-7 Section 19.4 8 Naming Acids 9 Properties of Acids/Bases 10-11 Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs

More information

Chapter 14 - Acids and Bases

Chapter 14 - Acids and Bases Chapter 14 - Acids and Bases 14.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases A. Arrhenius Model 1. Acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions 2. Bases produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions B. Bronsted-Lowry

More information

Acids and Bases HW PSI Chemistry

Acids and Bases HW PSI Chemistry Acids and Bases HW PSI Chemistry Name 1) According to the Arrhenius concept, an acid is a substance that. A) is capable of donating one or more H + B) causes an increase in the concentration of H + in

More information

CHAPTER 16: ACIDS AND BASES

CHAPTER 16: ACIDS AND BASES CHAPTER 16: ACIDS AND BASES Active Learning: 4, 6, 14; End-of-Chapter Problems: 2-25, 27-58, 66-68, 70, 75-77, 83, 90-91, 93-104 Chapter 15 End-of-Chapter Problems: 69-74, 125, 129, 133 16.1 ACIDS AND

More information

An acid is a substance that produces H + (H 3 O + ) Ions in aqueous solution. A base is a substance that produces OH - ions in aqueous solution.

An acid is a substance that produces H + (H 3 O + ) Ions in aqueous solution. A base is a substance that produces OH - ions in aqueous solution. Chapter 8 Acids and Bases Definitions Arrhenius definitions: An acid is a substance that produces H + (H 3 O + ) Ions in aqueous solution. A base is a substance that produces OH - ions in aqueous solution.

More information

Chapter 17. How are acids different from bases? Acid Physical properties. Base. Explaining the difference in properties of acids and bases

Chapter 17. How are acids different from bases? Acid Physical properties. Base. Explaining the difference in properties of acids and bases Chapter 17 Acids and Bases How are acids different from bases? Acid Physical properties Base Physical properties Tastes sour Tastes bitter Feels slippery or slimy Chemical properties Chemical properties

More information

6) Which compound is manufactured in larger quantities in the U.S. than any other industrial chemical?

6) Which compound is manufactured in larger quantities in the U.S. than any other industrial chemical? MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which statement concerning Arrhenius acid-base theory is not correct? A) Acid-base reactions must

More information

Acids, Bases, and ph

Acids, Bases, and ph CHAPTER 9 1 SECTION Acids, Bases, and Salts Acids, Bases, and ph KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What properties do acids have? What properties do bases have? How can

More information

Chapter 15 Acids and Bases. Fu-Yin Hsu

Chapter 15 Acids and Bases. Fu-Yin Hsu Chapter 15 Acids and Bases Fu-Yin Hsu Stomach Acid and Heartburn The cells that line your stomach produce hydrochloric acid. To kill unwanted bacteria To help break down food To activate enzymes that break

More information

Chemistry 52. Reacts with active metals to produce hydrogen gas. Have a slippery, soapy feeling. React with carbonates to produce CO 2

Chemistry 52. Reacts with active metals to produce hydrogen gas. Have a slippery, soapy feeling. React with carbonates to produce CO 2 ACID AND BASE STRENGTH Experiment #2 PURPOSE: 1. To distinguish between acids, bases and neutral substances, by observing their effect on some common indicators. 2. To distinguish between strong and weak

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. CHE 1400 - Spring 2015 - Chapter 7 Homework 7 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1)According to Arrhenius, an acid and a base will react

More information

Acid/base Definitions. Acid/Base Definitions. Acid / Base Chemistry. Acid/Base Definitions. Identifying Acids and Bases

Acid/base Definitions. Acid/Base Definitions. Acid / Base Chemistry. Acid/Base Definitions. Identifying Acids and Bases Acids Identifying Acids and Bases Acid (anhydrides) contains H+ ions as the cation, with and other element as the anion Non-metal oxide H2SO4 HI P2O5 Bases Base (anhydrides) Contains OH- as the anion Combined

More information

Topic 8 Acids and bases 6 hours

Topic 8 Acids and bases 6 hours Topic 8 Acids and bases 6 hours Hydronium ion (H3O + ) = more stable form of hydrogen ion (H + ) H + + H2O H3O + 8.1 Theories of acids and bases 2 hours 1. Arrhenius H-X / M-OH ACID a substance that dissociates

More information

TOPIC 11: Acids and Bases

TOPIC 11: Acids and Bases TOPIC 11: Acids and Bases ELECTROLYTES are substances that when dissolves in water conduct electricity. They conduct electricity because they will break apart into Ex. NaCl(s)! Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq), and

More information

Suggested Problems: p. 625-627 #58, 59, 65, 69, 74, 80, 85, 86, 90, 92, 93, 98, 99

Suggested Problems: p. 625-627 #58, 59, 65, 69, 74, 80, 85, 86, 90, 92, 93, 98, 99 Chemistry I Accelerated Study Guideline - Chapter 19 Acids, Bases and Salts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ By the end of this unit, the skills you should

More information

Chapter 14: Acids and Bases

Chapter 14: Acids and Bases Ch 14 Page 1 Chapter 14: Acids and Bases Properties of Acids Sour taste React with some metals Turns blue litmus paper red React with bases Some Common Acids HCl, hydrochloric acid H 2 SO 4, sulfuric acid

More information

UNIT (6) ACIDS AND BASES

UNIT (6) ACIDS AND BASES UNIT (6) ACIDS AND BASES 6.1 Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases Definitions for acids and bases were proposed by the Swedish chemist Savante Arrhenius in 1884. Acids were defined as compounds that

More information

Chemistry 3202. Unit 2 Acids and Bases

Chemistry 3202. Unit 2 Acids and Bases Chemistry 3202 Unit 2 Acids and Bases Definitions of Acids and Bases An operational definition is one that is based on the observable properties, behaviours or uses of an entity. The earliest definitions

More information

Chapter 16: Acid-Base and Solubility Equilibria: Reactions in Soil and Water

Chapter 16: Acid-Base and Solubility Equilibria: Reactions in Soil and Water Chapter 16: Acid-Base and Solubility Equilibria: Reactions in Soil and Water Problems: 16.2-16.86 16.1 ACIDS AND BASES: THE BRØNSTED-LOWRY MODEL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS & BASES Acids produce hydrogen ions,

More information

Chapter 13 & 14 Practice Exam

Chapter 13 & 14 Practice Exam Name: Class: Date: Chapter 13 & 14 Practice Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Acids generally release H 2 gas when they react with a.

More information

Chem101: General Chemistry Lecture 9 Acids and Bases

Chem101: General Chemistry Lecture 9 Acids and Bases : General Chemistry Lecture 9 Acids and Bases I. Introduction A. In chemistry, and particularly biochemistry, water is the most common solvent 1. In studying acids and bases we are going to see that water

More information

Write the acid-base equilibria connecting all components in the aqueous solution. Now list all of the species present.

Write the acid-base equilibria connecting all components in the aqueous solution. Now list all of the species present. Chapter 16 Acids and Bases Concept Check 16.1 Chemists in the seventeenth century discovered that the substance that gives red ants their irritating bite is an acid with the formula HCHO 2. They called

More information

Q1: What is the ph Scale? Q6: As acids become more acidic, their ph values

Q1: What is the ph Scale? Q6: As acids become more acidic, their ph values Q1: What is the ph Scale? Q6: As acids become more acidic, their ph values increase or decrease? Q2: The range of values of the ph scale is: Q7: As bases become more alkaline, their ph values increase

More information

Chapter 6. Solution, Acids and Bases

Chapter 6. Solution, Acids and Bases Chapter 6 Solution, Acids and Bases Mixtures Two or more substances Heterogeneous- different from place to place Types of heterogeneous mixtures Suspensions- Large particles that eventually settle out

More information

NAME PER DATE DUE ACTIVE LEARNING IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION "ALICE" CHAPTER 21 ACIDS AND BASES. Behavior In Water. 21-1 1997, A.J.

NAME PER DATE DUE ACTIVE LEARNING IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION ALICE CHAPTER 21 ACIDS AND BASES. Behavior In Water. 21-1 1997, A.J. NAME PER DATE DUE ACTIVE LEARNING IN CEMISTRY EDUCATIN "ALICE" CAPTER 21 ACIDS AND BASES Behavior In Water 21-1 1997, A.J. Girondi NTICE F RIGTS All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced

More information

Acid-Base (Proton-Transfer) Reactions

Acid-Base (Proton-Transfer) Reactions Acid-Base (Proton-Transfer) Reactions Chapter 17 An example of equilibrium: Acid base chemistry What are acids and bases? Every day descriptions Chemical description of acidic and basic solutions by Arrhenius

More information

Required Reading Material.

Required Reading Material. JF Chemistry 1101 2014-2015 Introduction to Physical Chemistry: Acid Base and Solution Equilibria. Professor Mike Lyons School of Chemistry melyons@tcd.ie Required Reading Material. Kotz, Treichel and

More information

Acid-Base Indicator Useful Indicators

Acid-Base Indicator Useful Indicators Chemistry 101 - H Acids and Bases This presentation was created by Professor Carl H. Snyder Chemistry Department University of Miami Coral Gables, FL 33124 CSnyder@miami.edu Chapter 10 - Acids and Bases

More information

Acids and Bases. Chapter 16

Acids and Bases. Chapter 16 Acids and Bases Chapter 16 The Arrhenius Model An acid is any substance that produces hydrogen ions, H +, in an aqueous solution. Example: when hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water, the following

More information

Acids and Bases. An Introduction. David A Katz Department of Chemistry Pima Community College, Tucson, AZ, USA

Acids and Bases. An Introduction. David A Katz Department of Chemistry Pima Community College, Tucson, AZ, USA Acids and Bases An Introduction David A Katz Department of Chemistry Pima Community College, Tucson, AZ, USA Properties of Acids 1. Sour taste (examples: vinegar, citric acid, lemon juice) 2. Turns litmus

More information

Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases. CHAPTER 10 Acids, Bases and Salts. Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases

Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases. CHAPTER 10 Acids, Bases and Salts. Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases CAPTER Acids, Bases and Salts Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases Strong and Weak Acids Acids are substances that generate in aqueous solutions. Strong acids ionize 0% in water. That is,

More information

p3 Recognizing Acid/Base Properties when p11 Recognizing Basic versus Nonbasic

p3 Recognizing Acid/Base Properties when p11 Recognizing Basic versus Nonbasic General Chemistry II Jasperse Acid-Base Chemistry. Extra Practice Problems 1 General Types/Groups of problems: Conceptual Questions. Acids, Bases, and p1 K b and pk b, Base Strength, and using K b or p7-10

More information

Unit Two: Acids and Bases

Unit Two: Acids and Bases Section One: Theoretical Stuff Unit Two: Acids and Bases The concept of acids and bases has existed for centuries. We can discuss them two ways, operational definitions and theoretical definitions. 1.

More information

Acids and Bases: A Brief Review

Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids and : A Brief Review Acids: taste sour and cause dyes to change color. : taste bitter and feel soapy. Arrhenius: acids increase [H ] bases increase [OH ] in solution. Arrhenius: acid base salt water.

More information

Chapter 4 Chemical Reactions

Chapter 4 Chemical Reactions Chapter 4 Chemical Reactions I) Ions in Aqueous Solution many reactions take place in water form ions in solution aq solution = solute + solvent solute: substance being dissolved and present in lesser

More information

Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria

Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Learning goals and key skills: Understand the nature of the hydrated proton, represented as either H + (aq) or H 3 O + (aq) Define and identify Arrhenuis acids and bases.

More information

Ch 8.5 Solution Concentration Units % (m/m or w/w) = mass of solute x 100 total mass of solution mass of solution = mass solute + mass solvent

Ch 8.5 Solution Concentration Units % (m/m or w/w) = mass of solute x 100 total mass of solution mass of solution = mass solute + mass solvent 1 Ch 8.5 Solution Concentration Units % (m/m or w/w) = mass of solute x 100 total mass of solution mass of solution = mass solute + mass solvent % (v/v) = volume of solute x 100 volume of solution filled

More information

3/6/2014. Chapter 15. Acids and Bases. Stomach Acid and Heartburn GERD. Curing Heartburn. Common Acids. Properties of Acids. Lecture Presentation

3/6/2014. Chapter 15. Acids and Bases. Stomach Acid and Heartburn GERD. Curing Heartburn. Common Acids. Properties of Acids. Lecture Presentation Lecture Presentation Chapter 15 Acids and Bases Sherril Soman Grand Valley State University Stomach Acid and Heartburn The cells that line your stomach produce hydrochloric acid. To kill unwanted bacteria

More information

CHAPTERS 15 FAKE TEST QUESTIONS. 1. According to the Brønsted Lowry definition, which species can function both as an acid and as a base?

CHAPTERS 15 FAKE TEST QUESTIONS. 1. According to the Brønsted Lowry definition, which species can function both as an acid and as a base? You might need to know the following K values: CHAPTERS 15 FAKE TEST QUESTIONS CH 3 COOH K a = 1.8 x 10 5 Benzoic Acid K a = 6.5 x 10 5 HNO 2 K a = 4.5 x 10 4 NH 3 K b = 1.8 x 10 5 HF K a = 7.2 x 10 4

More information

10. Acids, Bases, and Salts. Acids and bases. 10.1 Arrhenius Acid-Base Theory. 10.2 Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory

10. Acids, Bases, and Salts. Acids and bases. 10.1 Arrhenius Acid-Base Theory. 10.2 Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts Acids and bases For centuries people have known acids are in vinegar, lemon juice and many other foods taste sour. Only few hundred years ago that it was discovered that acids

More information

CHM1 Review for Exam 12

CHM1 Review for Exam 12 Topics Solutions 1. Arrhenius Acids and bases a. An acid increases the H + concentration in b. A base increases the OH - concentration in 2. Strong acids and bases completely dissociate 3. Weak acids and

More information

Aqueous Ions and Reactions

Aqueous Ions and Reactions Aqueous Ions and Reactions (ions, acids, and bases) Demo NaCl(aq) + AgNO 3 (aq) AgCl (s) Two clear and colorless solutions turn to a cloudy white when mixed Demo Special Light bulb in water can test for

More information

Acids, Bases, and Indicators Colorful Chemistry

Acids, Bases, and Indicators Colorful Chemistry Cool Chemistry Show Activity 7 Acids, Bases, and Indicators Colorful Chemistry GOALS In this activity you will: Identify common household acids and bases. Identify characteristic properties of acids and

More information

Properties of Acids and Bases

Properties of Acids and Bases Lab 22 Properties of Acids and Bases TN Standard 4.2: The student will investigate the characteristics of acids and bases. Have you ever brushed your teeth and then drank a glass of orange juice? What

More information

Topic 5. Acid and Bases

Topic 5. Acid and Bases Topic 5 5-1 Acid and Bases Acid and Bases 5-2 There are a number definitions for aicd and bases, depending on what is convenient to use in a particular situation: Arrhenius and Ostwald: Theory of electrolyte

More information

Note: (H 3 O + = hydronium ion = H + = proton) Example: HS - + H 2 O H 3 O + + S 2-

Note: (H 3 O + = hydronium ion = H + = proton) Example: HS - + H 2 O H 3 O + + S 2- AcidBase Chemistry Arrhenius acid: Substance that dissolves in water and provides H + ions Arrhenius base: Substance that dissolves in water and provides OH ions Examples: HCl H + and Cl Acid NaOH Na +

More information

Acid-Base Equilibrium

Acid-Base Equilibrium AcidBaseEquil 1 Acid-Base Equilibrium See AqueousIons in Chemistry 1110 online notes for review of acid-base fundamentals! Acid- Base Reaction in Aqueous Salt Solutions Recall that use [ ] to mean concentration

More information

EXPERIMENT 20: Determination of ph of Common Substances

EXPERIMENT 20: Determination of ph of Common Substances Materials: ph paper and color chart (ph range 3 to 12) or ph meter distilled water white vinegar household ammonia (or baking soda) spot plate test or 3 small test tubes stirring rod solutions / fruits

More information

Arrhenius Definition. Chapter 15 Acids and Bases. Brønsted-Lowry Concept. Brønsted-Lowry Concept. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Arrhenius Definition. Chapter 15 Acids and Bases. Brønsted-Lowry Concept. Brønsted-Lowry Concept. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs John W. Moore Conrad L. Stanitski Peter C. Jurs http://academic.cengage.com/chemistry/moore Chapter 15 Acids and Bases Arrhenius Definition Arrhenius: any substance which ionizes in water to produce: Protons

More information

Auto-ionization of Water

Auto-ionization of Water 2H 2 O H 3 O + + OH Hydronium ion hydroxide ion Q: But how often does this happen? This is the fundamental concept of all acid-base chemistry In pure water, how much of it is water and how much is ions?

More information

Since we will be dealing with aqueous acid and base solution, first we must examine the behavior of water.

Since we will be dealing with aqueous acid and base solution, first we must examine the behavior of water. Acids and Bases Know the definition of Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis acid and base. Autoionization of Water Since we will be dealing with aqueous acid and base solution, first we must examine the

More information

Name period Unit 9: acid/base equilibrium

Name period Unit 9: acid/base equilibrium Name period Unit 9: acid/base equilibrium 1. What is the difference between the Arrhenius and the BronstedLowry definition of an acid? Arrhenious acids give H + in water BronstedLowry acids are proton

More information

Experiment 16-Acids, Bases and ph

Experiment 16-Acids, Bases and ph Definitions acid-an ionic compound that releases or reacts with water to form hydrogen ion (H + ) in aqueous solution. They taste sour and turn litmus red. Acids react with certain metals such as zinc,

More information

Sketch the model representation of the first step in the dissociation of water. H 2. O (l) H + (aq) + OH- (aq) + H 2. OH - (aq) + H 3 O+ (aq)

Sketch the model representation of the first step in the dissociation of water. H 2. O (l) H + (aq) + OH- (aq) + H 2. OH - (aq) + H 3 O+ (aq) Lesson Objectives Students will: Create a physical representation of the autoionization of water using the water kit. Describe and produce a physical representation of the dissociation of a strong acid

More information

Aqueous Solutions. Water is the dissolving medium, or solvent. Some Properties of Water. A Solute. Types of Chemical Reactions.

Aqueous Solutions. Water is the dissolving medium, or solvent. Some Properties of Water. A Solute. Types of Chemical Reactions. Aqueous Solutions and Solution Stoichiometry Water is the dissolving medium, or solvent. Some Properties of Water Water is bent or V-shaped. The O-H bonds are covalent. Water is a polar molecule. Hydration

More information

Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria. Most solutions that occur in nature are slightly acidic. One reason for this is that when carbon

Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria. Most solutions that occur in nature are slightly acidic. One reason for this is that when carbon Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Most solutions that occur in nature are slightly acidic. One reason for this is that when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3. Basic solutions

More information

Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds: Acids and Bases

Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds: Acids and Bases John E. McMurry www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds: Acids and Bases Modified by Dr. Daniela R. Radu Why This Chapter? Description of basic ways chemists account for chemical

More information

Q.1 Classify the following according to Lewis theory and Brønsted-Lowry theory.

Q.1 Classify the following according to Lewis theory and Brønsted-Lowry theory. Acid-base A4 1 Acid-base theories ACIDS & BASES - IONIC EQUILIBRIA 1. LEWIS acid electron pair acceptor H, AlCl 3 base electron pair donor NH 3, H 2 O, C 2 H 5 OH, OH e.g. H 3 N: -> BF 3 > H 3 N BF 3 see

More information

CHEMISTRY 101 EXAM 3 (FORM B) DR. SIMON NORTH

CHEMISTRY 101 EXAM 3 (FORM B) DR. SIMON NORTH 1. Is H 3 O + polar or non-polar? (1 point) a) Polar b) Non-polar CHEMISTRY 101 EXAM 3 (FORM B) DR. SIMON NORTH 2. The bond strength is considerably greater in HF than in the other three hydrogen halides

More information

Letter to the Student... 5 Test-Taking Checklist... 6 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Correlation Chart... 7

Letter to the Student... 5 Test-Taking Checklist... 6 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Correlation Chart... 7 Table of Contents Letter to the Student..................................... 5 Test-Taking Checklist.................................... 6 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Correlation Chart...

More information

Acid 7 Base. 1. Describe two things hydrochloric acid does in your body system. 2. What does sodium hydrogencarbonate do in your body system?

Acid 7 Base. 1. Describe two things hydrochloric acid does in your body system. 2. What does sodium hydrogencarbonate do in your body system? Acids and Bases acid: a compound that, when dissolved in water, forms a solution with a ph less than 7 base: a compound that, when dissolved in water, forms a solution with a ph greater than 7 ph: the

More information

EXPERIMENT 4 Acid Strength

EXPERIMENT 4 Acid Strength EXPERIMENT 4 Acid Strength Introduction Many common substances are either acids or bases. Some acids, like stomach acid are necessary for our health, while others, like sulfuric acid are dangerous and

More information

4. Acid Base Chemistry

4. Acid Base Chemistry 4. Acid Base Chemistry 4.1. Terminology: 4.1.1. Bronsted / Lowry Acid: "An acid is a substance which can donate a hydrogen ion (H+) or a proton, while a base is a substance that accepts a proton. B + HA

More information

Q.1 Classify the following according to Lewis theory and Brønsted-Lowry theory.

Q.1 Classify the following according to Lewis theory and Brønsted-Lowry theory. Acid-base 2816 1 Acid-base theories ACIDS & BASES - IONIC EQUILIBRIA LEWIS acid electron pair acceptor H +, AlCl 3 base electron pair donor NH 3, H 2 O, C 2 H 5 OH, OH e.g. H 3 N: -> BF 3 > H 3 N + BF

More information

I N V E S T I C E D O R O Z V O J E V Z D Ě L Á V Á N Í CHEMICAL REACTIONS

I N V E S T I C E D O R O Z V O J E V Z D Ě L Á V Á N Í CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemical reaction = process during which original substances change to new substances, reactants turn to... The bonds of reactants... and new bonds are... The classification of reactions: 1. Classification

More information

Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids, Bases and Salts Acids, Bases and Salts 2 HAPTER Tips and Tricks Acids are sour in taste and bases are bitter in taste. Indicators are chemical substances which give different colours in acidic and basic solutions. If

More information

CHEM 1212 Test II. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

CHEM 1212 Test II. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. CHEM 1212 Test II MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that est completes the statement or answers the question. 1) At 1000 K, the equilirium constant for the reaction is K p = 0.013. 2NO (g) +

More information

Chemical Reactions in Water Ron Robertson

Chemical Reactions in Water Ron Robertson Chemical Reactions in Water Ron Robertson r2 f:\files\courses\1110-20\2010 possible slides for web\waterchemtrans.doc Properties of Compounds in Water Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes Water soluble compounds

More information

- electrolytes: substances that dissolve in water to form charge-carrying solutions

- electrolytes: substances that dissolve in water to form charge-carrying solutions 111 Electrolytes and Ionic Theory - electrolytes: substances that dissolve in water to form charge-carrying solutions * Electrolytes form ions in solution - (ions that are mobile are able to carry charge!).

More information

Ch 15: Acids and Bases

Ch 15: Acids and Bases Ch 15: Acids and Bases A c i d s a n d B a s e s C h 1 5 P a g e 1 Homework: Read Chapter 15 Work out sample/practice exercises in the sections, Bonus problems: 39, 41, 49, 63, 67, 83, 91, 95, 99, 107,

More information

Chemistry Unit Test Review

Chemistry Unit Test Review SNC 2DI Chemistry Unit Test Review Note: this review sheet only covers the second half of our chemistry unit. You should use our mid-unit test review sheet to recall concepts from the first half of the

More information

ACID-BASE REACTIONS/ THE PH CONCEPT.

ACID-BASE REACTIONS/ THE PH CONCEPT. Dr Mike Lyons School of Chemistry Trinity College Dublin. melyons@tcd.ie ACID-BASE REACTIONS/ THE PH CONCEPT. Chemistry Preliminary Course 2011 1 Lecture topics. 2 lectures dealing with some core chemistry

More information

EXPERIMENT 10 Chemistry 110. Solutions Part 2 ACIDS, BASES, AND ELECTROLYTES

EXPERIMENT 10 Chemistry 110. Solutions Part 2 ACIDS, BASES, AND ELECTROLYTES EXPERIMENT 10 Chemistry 110 Solutions Part 2 ACIDS, BASES, AND ELECTROLYTES PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the properties of solutions of acids, bases and electrolytes. Students

More information

Titrations. Acid-Base Indicators and Titration Curves. Shapes of Titration Curves. A titration curve is a graphical history of a titration

Titrations. Acid-Base Indicators and Titration Curves. Shapes of Titration Curves. A titration curve is a graphical history of a titration Acid-Base Indicators and Titration Curves Titrations In a titration a solution of accurately known concentration is added gradually added to another solution of unknown concentration until the chemical

More information

WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA

WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA For ionic compounds, the chemical formula must be worked out. You will no longer have the list of ions in the exam (like at GCSE). Instead you must learn some and work out others.

More information

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 1 According to Brønsted and Lowry, an acid-base reaction is defined in terms of a proton transfer. By this definition, the reaction of Cl in water is: Cl(aq) + Cl (aq) +

More information

AP Chemistry Summary Acids, Bases and Buffers Definitions:

AP Chemistry Summary Acids, Bases and Buffers Definitions: AP Chemistry Summary Acids, Bases and Buffers Definitions: Arrhenius: Acid - Produces H + ions in solution HCl H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Base - Produces OH - ions in solution NaOH Na + (aq) + OH - (aq) Dissociation

More information

Acids and Bases. AND a widemouth container of the following solids:

Acids and Bases. AND a widemouth container of the following solids: Acids and Bases GOAL To introduce students to acids and bases. MATERIALS: 3 10oz clear plastic cups 1 4 oz. bottle white vinegar - labeled Acid 1 4 oz. bottle of water - labeled Water 1 4 oz. bottle of

More information

NH 3 + H 2 O + OH - NH 4. Acid-Base Concepts -- Chapter 15 + H + Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs: - H + base. acid

NH 3 + H 2 O + OH - NH 4. Acid-Base Concepts -- Chapter 15 + H + Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs: - H + base. acid Acid-Base Concepts -- Chapter 15 1. Arrhenius Acid-Base Concept (last semester) Acid: H+ supplier Base: OH- supplier 2. Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Concept (more general) (a) Definition (H+ transfer) Acid:

More information

4.1 Aqueous Solutions. Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Electrolytes. Strong Electrolytes. Weak Electrolytes

4.1 Aqueous Solutions. Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Electrolytes. Strong Electrolytes. Weak Electrolytes Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 Aqueous Solutions Solution homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances Solute the substance present in a smaller amount (usually solid in Chap. 4) Solvent the

More information

Acids and Bases CHAPTER 12. Opening Essay

Acids and Bases CHAPTER 12. Opening Essay CHAPTER 12 Acids and Bases Opening Essay Formerly there were rather campy science-fiction television shows in which the hero was always being threatened with death by being plunged into a vat of boiling

More information

AP*Chemistry The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

AP*Chemistry The Chemistry of Acids and Bases AP*Chemistry The Chemistry of Acids and Bases "ACID"--Latin word acidus, meaning sour. (lemon) "ALKALI"--Arabic word for the ashes that come from burning certain plants; water solutions feel slippery and

More information

The Acid Test Grade Nine

The Acid Test Grade Nine Ohio Standards Connection: Physical Sciences Benchmark B Explain how atoms react with each other to form other substances and how molecules react with each other or other atoms to form even different substances.

More information

Volumetric Analysis. Lecture 5 Experiment 9 in Beran page 109 Prelab = Page 115

Volumetric Analysis. Lecture 5 Experiment 9 in Beran page 109 Prelab = Page 115 Volumetric Analysis Lecture 5 Experiment 9 in Beran page 109 Prelab = Page 115 Experimental Aims To prepare and standardize (determine concentration) a NaOH solution Using your standardized NaOH calculate

More information

Experiment 1 Chemical Reactions and Net Ionic Equations

Experiment 1 Chemical Reactions and Net Ionic Equations Experiment 1 Chemical Reactions and Net Ionic Equations I. Objective: To predict the products of some displacement reactions and write net ionic equations. II. Chemical Principles: A. Reaction Types. Chemical

More information

3 The Preparation of Buffers at Desired ph

3 The Preparation of Buffers at Desired ph 3 The Preparation of Buffers at Desired ph Objectives: To become familiar with operating a ph meter, and to learn how to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to make buffer solutions at a desired ph

More information

Chemistry 19.2. Slide 1 of 50

Chemistry 19.2. Slide 1 of 50 Chemistry 19.2 1 of 50 19.2 Hydrogen Ions and Acidity To test a diagnosis of diabetic coma, a doctor orders several tests, including the acidity of the patient s blood. Results from this test will be expressed

More information

CHAPTER 5: MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS

CHAPTER 5: MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS CHAPTER 5: MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS Problems: 1-6, 9-13, 16, 20, 31-40, 43-64, 65 (a,b,c,e), 66(a-d,f), 69(a-d,f), 70(a-e), 71-78, 81-82, 87-96 A compound will display the same properties (e.g. melting

More information

Chapter 11: Acids and Bases

Chapter 11: Acids and Bases 188 Chapter 11: Acids and Bases For our purposes, an acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ion (H + ) when dissolved in water. A base is a substance that produces hydroxide ion (OH - ) when dissolved

More information

Syllabus OC18 Use litmus or a universal indicator to test a variety of solutions, and classify these as acidic, basic or neutral

Syllabus OC18 Use litmus or a universal indicator to test a variety of solutions, and classify these as acidic, basic or neutral Chemistry: 9. Acids and Bases Please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going A3 A4 and using back to back on the photocopier Syllabus OC18 Use litmus or a universal indicator to test a variety

More information

Acid-Base Titrations Using ph Measurements

Acid-Base Titrations Using ph Measurements Acid-Base Titrations Using ph Measurements Introduction According to the Brønsted Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that donates a hydrogen ion and a base is a substance which will accept a hydrogen

More information

ph. Weak acids. A. Introduction

ph. Weak acids. A. Introduction ph. Weak acids. A. Introduction... 1 B. Weak acids: overview... 1 C. Weak acids: an example; finding K a... 2 D. Given K a, calculate ph... 3 E. A variety of weak acids... 5 F. So where do strong acids

More information

The Determination of Acid Content in Vinegar

The Determination of Acid Content in Vinegar The Determination of Acid Content in Vinegar Reading assignment: Chang, Chemistry 10 th edition, pages 153-156. Goals We will use a titration to determine the concentration of acetic acid in a sample of

More information

BASIC CONCEPTS of CHEMISTRY Please revise: names of element, Periodic Table (understanding the notation), acid, base and salt nomenclature

BASIC CONCEPTS of CHEMISTRY Please revise: names of element, Periodic Table (understanding the notation), acid, base and salt nomenclature BASIC CONCEPTS of CHEMISTRY Please revise: names of element, Periodic Table (understanding the notation), acid, base and salt nomenclature 1. Definitions of acid and base There are several methods of defining

More information

Chem 1B Saddleback College Dr. White 1. Experiment 8 Titration Curve for a Monoprotic Acid

Chem 1B Saddleback College Dr. White 1. Experiment 8 Titration Curve for a Monoprotic Acid Chem 1B Saddleback College Dr. White 1 Experiment 8 Titration Curve for a Monoprotic Acid Objectives To learn the difference between titration curves involving a strong acid with a strong base and a weak

More information

Acid Base Chemistry. Farmington Public Schools Grade Level: 10 Discipline:Chemistry

Acid Base Chemistry. Farmington Public Schools Grade Level: 10 Discipline:Chemistry Acid Base Chemistry Farmington Public Schools Grade Level: 10 Discipline:Chemistry Author(s) Gary Crisanti Heather Rauf DRAFT: 06/30/06 Farmington Public Schools Table of Contents Unit Summary.3...page(s)

More information

Acids and Bases 7. Have You Ever Wondered?

Acids and Bases 7. Have You Ever Wondered? Acids and Bases 7 Have You Ever Wondered? 1. Are all acids corrosive? 2. What is an amino acid? 3. Is vitamin C really an acid? Are all vitamins acids? 4. What is the difference between salt and sodium?

More information

6.8 Measuring the Acidity of Solutions Page 160

6.8 Measuring the Acidity of Solutions Page 160 6.8 Measuring the Acidity of Solutions Page 160 PRESCRIBED LEARNING OUTCOMES measure substances and solutions according to ph, solubility, and concentration KNOWLEDGE ph is the measure of the tendency

More information

You may have heard the word acid used in your everyday life. List some things that this word was describing when you heard it.

You may have heard the word acid used in your everyday life. List some things that this word was describing when you heard it. Textbook pages 158 to 175 What are acids and bases, and how do they react? Before You Read Topic 2.4 Summary You may have heard the word acid used in your everyday life. List some things that this word

More information