ACSA/AIA Housing Design Education Award

Transcription

1 ACSA/AIA Housing Design Education Award Winner: Submission Materials Excellence in Housing Education Course or Activity Award Designing for People & Place: Sustainable & Affordable Housing for the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation ROBERT PYATT University of Colorado Boulder

2 Native American Sustainable Housing Initiative Designing for People & Place: Sustainable and Affordable Housing for the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation 1.

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4 Introduction Strenghtening Tribal Communities through Design Community and Demonstrated Need The primary audience for the NASHI academic service-learning program is the Oglala Lakota Tribal community on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, yet the work may be relevant to other tribal communities with similar housing needs. The Pine Ridge reservation has been nationally acknowledged as one of the poorest counties in America. The unemployment rate is above 80%, average annual income has been reported between $2,600 - $3,500 and social needs such as education, healthcare and basic resources like electricity, water and heat have all been referred to as third world conditions. These circumstances have all led to lower life expectancies, extraordinarily high suicide rates and disproportionate rates of alcohol and drug addictions. Lack of healthy affordable housing is central to these issues. LIFE EXPECTANCY - MEN World Health Organization LIFE EXPECTANCY - WOMEN World Health Organization AVERAGE AGE US Census Bureau UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 7.6% US Bureau of Labor Statistics MEDIAN ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME 2013 New York Times PEOPLE PER HOUSING UNIT US Census Bureau ALL OTHER COUNTIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES PINE RIDGE POVERTY RATE 15.9% US Census Bureau years $ 20, years 48 years 52 years $ 52, years 81 years 85% 17 59% of the Reservation homes are substandard. 26% of the housing units on the Reservation are mobile homes, often purchased or obtained (through donations) as used, low value units with negative value equity. At least 4,000 new homes are needed to combat the homeless situation. 33% of the Reservation homes lack basic water and sewage systems as well as electricity Many Reservation homes lack adequate insulation. Even more homes lack central heating. At least 60% of the homes on the Pine Ridge Reservation may have an infestation of mold. % OF ANNUAL INCOME SPENT ON UTILITIES Mint.com % SUBSTANDARD HOMES National Center for Healthy Housing 3.7% 1.8% 13% 59% The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), OAR Tribal Asthma and Housing Update and Case Study on Pine Ridge % OF MOBILE HOMES US Census Bureau 7% 26% HOMES LACKING BASIC WATER Rural Community Assistance Partnership.6% 33%

5 System Design Sustainable Housing Research and Education as the Foundation for a Tribal Housing System Discovery (Phase 1): Lakota cultural immersion and community engagement. Synthesis (Phase 2): Prototypical design, construction documents and specifications and examination of the prototypes, testing procedures, building specifications, and life cycle analysis. Application (Phase 3): Sustainable construction training for university and tribal college students. Evaluation (Phase 4): Post occupancy analysis and building performance monitoring, training the university and tribal college faculty and students in data collection, Sharing (Phase 5): Best practices, student reflections, case study presentations, dissemination of findings. Lakota Community Vision initial planning analysis & prototype house design implementation Oglala Lakota Nation evaluation testing deployment 5.

6 Process NASHI Academic Service Learning Program Curriculum Spring Semester Cultural Studies Course (3 Credit) Critical Issues in Native North America. Explores a series of issues including regulations of populations, land and resource holdings, water rights, education, religious freedom, military obligations, the sociopolitical role of men and women, self-governance, housing and legal standing as these pertain to American Indian life. Architectural Design (Community Outreach) Studio (6 Credit) Designing for People & Place: Sustainable and Affordable Housing for the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation: The NASHI Community Outreach Studio, offers students a unique opportunity for a project-based approach to architectural education. Students gain valuable experience working in a multi-cultural environment with Tribal members and community groups. Students are responsible for site analysis, project design, structures, building systems, production of working drawings, material donations, fund raising and ultimately construction of a culturally appropriate sustainable and affordable house on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. The NASHI Community Outreach Studio emphasizes collaboration, communication, community interaction, and an interdisciplinary approach to design. Technical Studies Course (3 Credits) Advanced Material Workshop: The focus of this course is an exploration of the materials, methods, and craft of construction, including alternative materials and methods, as well as an exploration of the nature of materials as a conceptual framework for the understanding of tectonics in architecture and material culture. Students will expand their knowledge of material properties and assemblies through research, detail drawing, and a series of hands-on construction workshops. Summer Semester Architectural Build (Community Outreach) Studio (6 Credit) Sustainable Construction in Indian Country: Construction of a culturally appropriate sustainable and affordable house on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. The NASHI Build Studio emphasizes collaboration, communication, community interaction, and an interdisciplinary approach to design-build. Fall Semester Student Internship (3 Credit) Post occupancy analysis, community outreach and program support

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8 Design Development Passive Design Solutions 3 REF. 2 DW 4 W D WH Passive Solar: 20% glazing on south facade optimizes passive gains during the winter months Ventilation: Well-placed operable windows provide cross-ventilation allowing for natural cooling. public space private space outdoor public area circulation 1. Dinning Room 2. Kitchen 3. Covered Porch Entry 4. Entry 5. Hallway 6. Living room 7. Laundry & Storage 8. ADA Bathroom 9. Mechanical Room 10. Closet Storage 11. Bedroom Bedroom 2 Thermal Mass: Concrete floors create a mass that absorbs the sun s energy during the winter, helping heat the space, while remaining a constant temperature during summer months, helping to keep the house cool.

9 Energy Energy Use Comparison PV 100 Misc. (G) Hot Water ( G) Heating (G) Heating (E) 50 Cooling ( E) HVAC Fan/Pump (E) Lights (E) Reference Envelope Reduced Infiltration/Nat Vent Improvec HVAC Lighting/MELs Setpoint Control/Plug Controls Efficient Appliances 3KW PV 4KW PV 5KW PV Lg. Appl. Vent Fan (E) Misc. (E) Source Energy Consumption by End Use

10 2. Sustainable Design 14 Strategies Rapidly renewable materials and low embodied energy 2. Wind Generator 3. Natural ventilation through use of carefully placed operable windows 4. Ground source heat pump (geothermal) 5. Low water fixtures 6. LED light bulbs will reduce energy consumption 7. Energy Star appliances 8. Frost protected shallow slab foundation 9. Hi R-Value straw bale wall system 10. Large windows and open floor plan in main living area to provide natural daylight 11. High performance windows and doors 12. High performance building envelope minimizes demand for mechanical conditioning of interior by 50% 13. Standing seam metal roof will reflect harsh sun, reducing heat gain 14. Solar panels

11 7 A501 4' - 0" STANDING SEAM MTL ROOF OVER WEATHER BARRIER T&G DECKING WOOD RAFTERS B 1 T.O. ROOF 14' - 1 3/16" Details STANDING SEAM MTL ROOF RIM BOARDS STUCCO ON SELF FURRING MTL LATH OVER 30lb FELT ON WOOD SURFACES T.O. WALL 8' - 9" VAPOR RETARDER T&G OVER 1/2" PLYWOOD BACKER STUCCO ON SELF FURRING MTL LATH OVER 30lb FELT ON WOOD SURFACES 2 A500 2X4 NAILER AT SAME SLOPE AS TRUSS VAPOR RETARDER 2 A501 T&G CEILING OVER 1/2" PLYWOOD BACKER PLYWOOD SPRAY FOAM INSUL R=15 BLOWN-IN CELLULOSE INSUL R=45 3 A500 T&G DECKING WOOD RAFTERS BEAM STUCCO ON SELF FURRING MTL LATH OVER 30lb FELT ON WOOD SURFACES T.O. WALL 8' - 9" 1 A500 EXTERIOR INTERIOR STUCCO ON SELF FURRING MTL LATH OVER 30lb FELT ON WOOD SURFACES DOOR 8 A501 INTERIOR EXTERIOR DR 12" X 12" TILE CONC RE: STRUC 5 A500 MTL SKIRT OVER MOISTURE BARRIER OVER RIGID INSUL DECK DECK FRAMING 2 X 6 TREATED NAILER 2 X 6 TREATED LEDGER FIN FLR 0' - 0" 12" X 12" TILE CONC RE: STRUC PROVIDE CONTINUOUS GLUE BLOCK FIN FLR 0' - 0" PROVIDE CONTINUOUS GLUE BLOCK ALL SOILS AND DRAINAGE PER GEOTECH & CIVIL ALL SOILS AND DRAINAGE PER CIVIL & GEOTECH 3 WALL SECT - SLIDING DR SCALE : 1" = 1'-0" 4 WALL SECT - DECK SWING DR SCALE : 1" = 1'-0" 8 NORTHWEST SCALE :

12 Design Review

13 Implementation Thunder Valley Regenerative Community Master Plan 34 acre mixed use net zero energy development on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. Site Plan

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18 Reflections I am grateful that I was able to be part of the NASHI Praxis Program because I have learned and experienced the power of architecture as a catalyst for change. NASHI helped me understand and apply an integrated approach to design that is often overlooked in traditional architectural education. Through considering social factors and people as a core element in the development of a project along with sustainable materials and methods of construction, I was able to experience architecture and design as an instrument in addressing contemporary, real-life challenges. -Fernando, Undergraduate Student