Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Project

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1 Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Project Breaking Barriers Land and Facility assessment Tuesday, September 27, 2011, Sulphur Springs, Texas

2 Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Project Breaking Barriers Land and Facility assessment with information from AgriLife Extensión Texas A&M System Tuesday, September 27, 2011, Sulphur Springs, Texas

3 Benefits of the assessment Access to relevant technical information Benefits Adequate fertilization What to plant/grow Higher efficiency on the use of resources Long term planning

4 Main factors to be considered Soil assessment Land assessment Crop assessment Examples

5 Soil assessment Most important factor Benefits Adequate fertilization Chemical condition Salinity Acidity Higher efficiency in the use of resources

6 Soil Assessment Annual sampling Sampling depth 6 inches, main necessary chemical elements (NPK) Amount of samples 10 to 20, mix them, send them to the lab

7 Soil assessment

8 Sand Feeding Land assessment Second in importance Soil type Slope Water availability Benefits Higher efficiency in the use of resources Low land Forage/crop

9 Crop assessment Forages Yield 4 weeks 8 weeks Nutritive value

10 Crop assessment

11 Examples Feeding beef cattle during winter Feeding in winter represents 25 40% of total feeding costs It is the main factor that influences profit in this kind of production activity

12 Examples Winter feeding options Hay Hay + supplementation Stockpiled forage Winter forages

13 Examples stockpiled forage Forego expensive bailing, transportation costs Bermuda grass does not lose its nutritive value as quickly during fall Stockpiled systems cost 43% less than feeding hay

14 Examples stockpiled forage Enough moisture needs to be received to produce desired Bermuda Grass Appropriate amount of fertility needs to be applied to stockpile 2500 lb dry matter/acre A 1000-lb cow will consume 26 lb of forage dry matter/day Harvest efficiency should be 65%

15 Examples stockpiled forage Typical feeding of 25 cows under a stockpiled forage system Feeding 25 cows x 26 lb dry matter/day x 75 days = 48,750 lb dry matter required

16 Examples stockpiled forage Typical feeding of 25 cows under a stockpiled forage system Production 48,750 lb dry matter x 0.65 harvest efficiency = 75,000 lb dry matter required

17 Examples stockpiled forage Typical feeding of 25 cows under a stockpiled forage system Area 75,000 lb dry matter required/2500 lb dry matter produced/acre = 30 acres required for stockpiling

18 Examples winter pastures Ryegrass Later maturity Late in the growing season Graze short to prevent competition when over-seeded into Bermuda Grass pastures Planting 30 lb/acre September-October Grazing March-May Varieties TAM-90 Marshall Passerel Plus

19 Examples winter pastures Small grains Wheat, Triticale, or Rye Provides more fall and winter growth than ryegrass or clover, but less late-spring growth

20 Examples winter pastures Small grains Should have winter stocker calves or fall calving cows to justify the cost Limit graze cows (3-4/acre) to stretch forage supply Crude protein around 15-25%

21 Examples winter pastures Wheat Cold tolerant Planting 100 lb/acre September-October Grazing December-April Varieties Coker Savage Pioneer

22 Examples winter pastures Rye More cold tolerant More winter forage than other small grains Planting 100 lb / acre September-October Grazing Dicember-April Varieties Elbon Bates Wintergrazer

23 Examples winter pastures Triticale Cross between wheat and rye Higher forage yield than wheat; lower quality Planting 100 lb/acre September-October Grazing December-April

24 Examples Leguminosas Reduction/elimination of inorganic N fertilizer Reduction in winter feeding costs Improved animal performance Lengthened grazing season Wildlife (white-tailed deer) programs Weed suppression/reduced herbicide

25

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