Other recordable cases are recordable cases that do not involve death, days away from work or days of

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1 Introduction The Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MIOSHA) mandates the reporting, recording, and communicating of work related incidents to help employers recognize workplace hazards and support corrective actions to eliminate the hazards. Injury and illness statistics are used by the University and its employees to implement safety and health programs at individual workplaces. Analysis of the data is a widely recognized method for discovering workplace safety and health problems and for tracking progress in solving those problems. Work related injury data is organized to note the extent and severity of each case. When an incident occurs, specific details regarding the incident are recorded and this report reflects the aggregated totals for the year in each category. It is important to understand that cases listed on the report are not necessarily eligible for Workers Compensation or other insurance benefits and listing a case does not mean that the employer or worker was at fault or that an OSHA standard was violated. An injury or illness is considered work related if an event or exposure in the work environment caused or contributed to the condition or significantly aggravated a preexisting condition. Work relatedness is presumed for injuries and illnesses resulting from events or exposures occurring in the work environment. Workplace safety programs can take many forms and cover many potential areas of concern. The sorts of actions taken by employers to maximize the safety of the work environment that they create are varied and include: Providing for personal safety equipment Installing equipment controls Creating and disseminating operational manuals Establishing and enforcing hazardous materials handling policies Adopting a drug and alcohol testing program Offering employee counseling services Implementing safety training programs Identifying accommodated work opportunities This summary will explore the safety records of university campuses and some selected recharge units to help identify and prioritize opportunities for development of improved workplace safety programs. 1

2 Definitions As defined by MIOSHA and used in this report. Recordable cases include work related injuries and illnesses that result in: Death Loss of consciousness Days away from work Restricted work activity or job transfer Medical treatment (beyond first aid) Significant work related injuries or illnesses that are diagnosed by a physician or other licensed health care professional. Examples include chronic irreversible disease, a fractured or cracked bone, or a punctured eardrum. Additional criteria that can result in a recordable case include: o Any needlestick injury or cut from a sharp object that is contaminated with another person's blood or other potentially infectious material. o Any case requiring an employee to be medically removed from work. o Work related illnesses. Examples include tuberculosis and hearing loss Other recordable cases are recordable cases that do not involve death, days away from work or days of restricted work activity or job transfer. Skin diseases or disorders are illnesses involving the worker's skin that are caused by work exposure to chemicals, plants or other substances. Examples include contact dermatitis, rash caused by poisonous plants, and inflammation of the skin. Respiratory conditions are illnesses associated with breathing hazardous biological agents, chemicals, dust, gases, vapors, or fumes at work. Examples include asbestosis, acute congestion, tuberculosis, and occupational asthma. Poisoning includes disorders evidenced by abnormal concentrations of toxic substances in blood, other tissues, other bodily fluids, or the breath that are caused by the ingestion or absorption of toxic substances into the body. Examples include poisoning by lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, and insecticide sprays. Hearing loss for recordkeeping purposes means noise induced hearing loss described as a significant change in the hearing threshold relative to the baseline audiogram. All other occupational illnesses meeting reporting criteria. Examples: Heatstroke, sunstroke, frostbite, and bloodborne pathogenic diseases such as AIDS, HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C. 2

3 Recordkeeping and Analysis Recordkeeping is a critical part of the University s safety and health efforts for several reasons: Keeping track of work related injuries and illnesses can help prevent them in the future. Using injury and illness data helps identify and correct hazardous workplace conditions. As employee awareness about injuries, illnesses, and hazards in the workplace improves, workers are more likely to follow safe work practices and report workplace hazards. Recordable Incidence Rate Incident rate is the number of injuries and/or illnesses per 1 full time workers. The incident rate is an indication of how many incidents have occurred, or how severe they were. Incidence Rate Calculation Number of injuries and illnesses X 2,* Employee hours worked DART (Days Away/Restricted or Transfer Rate) Days away from work, days of restricted work activity or job transfer (DART) are cases that involve days away from work, or days of restricted work activity or job transfer, or both. The DART rate is a mathematical calculation that describes the number of cases per 1 full time employees that resulted in days away from work, restricted work activity and/or job transfer and serves as an indication of the severity of the injury/illness. DART Rate Calculation Total injuries x 2,* Total Productive hours worked *The 2, hours in the formulas represents the equivalent of 1 employees working 4 hours per week, 5 weeks per year, and provides the standard base for the incidence rates Data Sources Injury Data (Injury reports submitted to Work Connections Productive Hours Worked by Employees (Human Resources) Productive Hours Worked by Contractors (Procurement) Data combined and reports generated 3

4 All Campuses Highlights A total of 3,31 injuries were reported during 212. Of these, 1,944 (64%) were recordable. While 36% of the cases were not reportable under MIOSHA, the number is significant as they represent near misses that could lead to more serious disabilities MIOSHA Recordable Claims All Campuses MIOSHA Average Comparison Recordable Claims Avg Death Claims Flat Total Claims 1,851 1,883 1,758 1,71 1,944 1,827 2,75 14% Claims with Days Lost % Total Days Lost 6,673 5,981 7,466 5,47 9,27 6,972 7,151 3% Claims with Rest Days % Total Rest Days 13,88 1,671 13,328 12,17 14,286 12,79 12,672 Flat Other Claims 1,25 1,335 1,191 1,211 1,449 1, % The total number of claims with days lost during 213 was 14% higher than the five year average while the total number of days lost was 3% higher than the average. This points to improvement with reducing the duration of disability resulting from work related injuries and illnesses. Efforts with identification of accommodated work opportunities remain steady. The total number of cases with restricted days away was 4% lower than the five year average while the number of restricted days was essentially unchanged. UMHHC has consistently experienced the majority of work related injuries, primarily due to needlestick injuries. 2,5 Annual Recordable Injury Comparison By Campus 2, 1,5 1, 5 Ann Arbor UMHHC Flint Dearborn 4

5 MIOSHA Recordable Claims All Campuses Ann Arbor UMHHC Flint Dearborn Death Claims Total Claims 57 1, Claims with Days Lost Total Days Lost 3,796 3, Claims with Rest. Days Total Rest. Days 4,71 7, Other Claims On all campuses except Dearborn, the number of recordable cases is higher than the five year average. The Dearborn Campus experienced injuries 67% lower than the five year average. Because the number of cases on this campus is low, however, variations in data can skew results. The Ann Arbor Campus experienced an increase in recordable claims with a rate that is 16% higher than the five year average, but no specific department can be attributed as the driver of the increase. While UMHHC s recordable claim count is 14% higher than average, it should be noted that the number of claims with lost time decreased by 11%, reflecting the decreased severity of injuries sustained. The increases in cases reflect the potential for serious losses and increased emphasis on safety measures should be explored. Recordable Claims By Campus Comparison to Five Year Average MIOSHA Average Comparison Recordable Claims Avg Ann Arbor % UMHHC 1,173 1,186 1,138 1,116 1,22 1,149 1,313 14% Flint % Dearborn % All 1,851 1,883 1,758 1,71 1,944 1, % 5

6 Incident Rate Comparison ALL Campuses U of M Incident Rate National Incident Rate The Incident Rate (injuries per 1 workers) for all campuses reflects a concerning trend of increasing incidents. While the Incident Rate is not a true reflection of the severity of injuries, it is cautionary and represents near misses that could have been more serious DART Rate Comparison All Campuses U of M DART Rate National DART Rate The DART rate reflects the frequency of injuries involving time away from work and is an indicator of the frequency of more severe injuries. Overall, the UM DART Rate is significantly lower than the national rate indicating that safety measures and accommodated work efforts have been effective. 6

7 Summaries by Campus Ann Arbor Campus # Hours Worked by U of M Employees # Recordable Claims # Claims Days Away # Claims Job Transfer or Restrictions U of M Incident Rate National Incident Rate U of M DART Rate National DART Rate 28 36,644, ,485, ,762, ,613, ,357, ,381, Recordable Claims and Claims with Days Away Annual Comparison Ann Arbor Campus # Recordable Claims Claims with RX or Days Away Productivity hours are a reflection of the overall exposure of employee injuries. While the number of productivity hours increased more than 11% from $36,644,531 in 28 to $41,381,335 in 213, the number of recordable injuries increased by 16% during the same period from 655 in 28 to 74 in 213. Recordable claims increased 11% from 655 in 28 to 74 in 213. While the number of cases rose, it is encouraging to note that the duration of disability has decreased reflecting improvements that have impacted the severity of injuries and resulting time away from work. 7

8 Within the last five years, the incident rate (number of injuries per 1 workers) had shown some steady declines but experinece during 213 has reversed the downward trend and may be an indicator that safety efforts should be refocused. Of greater significance, the DART rate (injuries with time away from work) for the Ann Arbor Campus has been steadily improving and is now well below the national average. The decrease in the DART rate reflects the success with increased efforts to identify accommodated work for injured employees in addition to reducing the severity of injuries experienced by faculty and staff Incident Rate Comparison Ann Arbor Campus U of M Incident Rate National Incident Rate DART Rate Comparison Ann Arbor Campus U of M DART Rate National DART Rate. With the exception of the labor intensive areas on campus, the severity of incidents are typically not severe. The frequency of incidents, however, underscores the need for monitoring safety practices as it is an indicator of near misses deserving of attention. The majority of recordable claims were experienced by employees within Plant Operations, Housing and the Medical School (primarily needle stick injuries). During 213, injuries within Department of Public Safety and Security were significantly higher than those departments experienced during previous years. Injuries increased from one in 211 to 17 in 213. Most of the claims were not severe in nature and attempts to provide accommodated work were successful. One claim, however, resulted in an unusually serious injury when compared to the five year annual average of 15 days away from work. 8

9 Average Days Away or Restricted Days Away per Case Unions 133 Plant Athletics Pkg/Transp Housing 14 Medical School Total days lost from work attributable to work related injuries decreased during 213. The decrease is attributable primarily to improvements in claim experience within Plant and Housing. The proportion of claims being accommodated is relatively unchanged. With approximately 6% of cases being accommodated, the opportunity to identify accommodated work is significant and could result in significant cost savings. Ann Arbor Campus Claims with Days Away or Restricted Days Away Annual Comparison 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Total Rest. Days 5,834 4,262 5,349 4,929 5,35 4,71 Total Days Lost 3,275 3,74 2,298 2,167 5,29 3,796 Consistent with past experience and mirroring that of national experience the majority of injuries on the Ann Arbor Campus fell within three categories: Lifting/Carrying;, Slip/Fall, Repetitive Movement. 9

10 n=74 Stepped On Caught In or 4% Between 5% Lost Work Days by Nature of Injuries Ann Arbor Campus 213 Turning 1% Reaching 4% Cut, Puncture or Laceration 1% Twisting 5% Pushing or Pulling 9% Other 1% Repetitive Movement 19% Slip or Fall 21% Lifting or Carrying 17% Struck Against or By 4% While the number of injuries/illnesses sustained by some areas is low in proportion to the total, the Incidenceand DART rates are cause for concern. ISR had the highest incidence rate, approximately 19 times that of the national Incident Rate average of 2.1. As in previous years, the Medical and Dental Schools, Plant and Housing experienced Incidence Rates higher than the national average. This is primarily attributable to needle stick injuries which are high in frequency and low in severity. The potential for a serious illness, however, should not be ignored and efforts to reduce these exposures are recommended. 213 Incidence Rate By Major Area National Avg

11 The DART rate, which reflects more serious injuries/illnesses is also concerning with respect to ISR which has a rate that is more than six times the national average of 1.4 but has decreased from the rate three years ago, indicating improvements with controlling the severity of injuries. Plant and Housing also have rates higher than the national average due to the labor intensive nature of the work performed. Continued emphasis on safety as well as identification of accommodated employment is recommended. 213 DART Rate By Major Area National Avg

12 UMHHC Campus # Hours Worked by U of M Employees # Claims Job Transfer or Restrictions U of M Incident Rate National Incident Rate # Recordable Claims # Claims Days Away U of M DART Rate 28 36,644,53 1, ,485,565 1, ,493,247 1, ,38,9 1, ,618,415 1, ,289,638 1, National DART Rate Claim exposure as reflected by the number of productivity hours has trended flat during the past five years. The total number of recordable claims in 213 was 1,313 11% higher than the total of 1,173 in 28. The number of less serious injuries has increased but this increase is offset by a decline in more serious injuries. 1,4 1,2 1, Recordable Claims and Claims with Days Away Annual Comparison UMHHC 1,173 1,186 1,138 1,116 1,22 1, # Recordable Claims Claims with RX or Days Away 12

13 Incident Rate Comparison UMHHC U of M Incident Rate DART Rate Comparison UMHHC U of M DART Rate National Incident Rate National DART Rate As demonstrated by the Incidence Rate Comparison, the number of recordable incidents has been increasing during the past three years and is now slightly higher than the national average. The DART Rate Comparison reflects that the number of serious incidents is significantly lower than the national average. UMHHC s higher than national incident rate is attributable primarily to needle sticks. Although not serious in nature, they do represent potentially serious exposures. The frequency of reported incidents suggests efforts to reduce needle stick exposures would be prudent. Most recordable injuries were attributable to needle sticks and represented little or no time away from work. Operating room employees were among those most likely to sustain injuries, primarily related to needle sticks and other exposures. As expected, labor intensive positions generated the most significant injuries particularly among nursing, radiology technicians and AFSCME employees. 13

14 All Other Operating Rooms Radiology Environmental Svcs H.O. Core Anesthesiology Patient Food Svcs H.O. Surgery Plastic H.O. Orthopaedic H.O. Oral Maxillofacial 7B Gen Med Telemetry H.O. Neurosurgery UMHHC 213 Recordable Injuries By Area The proportion of cases with accommodated work has remained consistent during the past several years. Approximately two thirds of injuries resulted in accommodated work, reflecting opportunities to increase the number of accommodations provided. UMHHC Claims with Days Away or Restricted Days Away Annual Comparison 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Total Rest. Days 7,181 6,15 7,725 7,19 8,853 7,884 Total Days Lost 3,279 3,94 4,59 3,171 3,743 3,329 As previously noted, while the frequency of recordable claims for needle sticks is high, resulting time away from these injuries is negligible. The majority of claims with resulting time away from work fall within four main categories: Lifting/Carrying; Slip/Fall, Struck Against/By; Pushing/Pulling. This experience is consistent with that of national injury data for hospital settings and is attributable to the generalized heavy labor and patient care aspects of the positions. 14

15 n=11,213 Caught In or Between 4% Turning Pts 1% Repetitive Movement 2% Other 2% Exposure or Burn 4% Twisting 3% Slipped, No Fall 1% Lost or Restricted Work Days by Nature of Injuries Pushing or Pulling 17% UMHHC 213 Stepped On 6% Slip or Fall 12% Lifting or Carrying 24% Struck Against or By 15% 15

16 Flint Campus # Hours Worked by U of M Employees # Recordable Claims # Claims Days Away # Claims Job Transfer or Restrictions U of M Incident Rate National Incident Rate U of M DART Rate National DART Rate 28 1,844, ,93, ,937, ,984, ,58, ,132, Productivity work hours reflect a 15% increase in injury exposure between 28 and Recordable Claims and Claims with Days Away Annual Comparison Flint Campus The number of injuries reflects the increased exposure and was, likewise 13% higher in 213 than 28. The number of severe cases (cases with days lost) were, likewise, 19% higher in 213 as compared to 28. Overall claim severity was essentially unchanged in 213 as compared to the previous year. # Recordable Claims Claims with RX or Days Away Because the number of claims is low, variances in activity can easily skew numbers. 16

17 Within the last six years, the incident rate (number of injuries per 1 workers) had shown some steady declines but there is room for concern since the rate has increased during recent years. While increased, the incident rate remains lower than that of the national average. Of greater significance, the DART rate (injuries with time away from work) for the Flint Campus has been steadily improving and is now well below the national average. The decrease in the DART rate reflects the success with increased efforts to identify accommodated work for injured employees in addition to reducing the severity of injuries experienced by faculty and staff Incident Rate Comparison Flint Campus U of M Incident Rate National Incident Rate DART Rate Comparison Flint Campus U of M DART Rate National DART Rate As with other campuses, injuries resulting Slip/Fall generate the most severe injuries as judged by the number of days away from work. n=14 Lost Work Days by Nature of Injury Flint Campus 213 Lifting or Carrying, 1, 1% Slip or Fall, 83, 99% 17

18 The opportunities for providing accommodated work are significant. During the last several years, the disparity between work days lost and restricted days lost had steadily increased but 213 reflects that accommodated work opportunities increased significantly over prior years. Flint Campus Claims with Days Away or Restricted Days Away Annual Comparison Total Rest. Days Total Days Lost

19 Dearborn Campus # Hours Worked by U of M Employees # Recordable Claims # Claims Days Away # Claims Job Transfer or Restrictions U of M Incident Rate National Incident Rate U of M DART Rate National DART Rate 28 1,878, ,927, ,959, ,955, ,998, ,21, The number of productivity hours has been steadily rising and was 7% higher in 213 than in Recordable Claims and Claims with Days Away Annual Comparison Dearborn Campus The number of 213 recordable injuries reflects that injuries were significantly lower than the rate of growth reflecting substantial improvements in safety. The number of severe cases (cases with time away from work) was 1% lower than the previous years. Because the number of claims is low, variances in activity can easily skew numbers. # Recordable Claims Claims with RX or Days Away 19

20 As demonstrated by the Incident Rate Comparison, the number of recordable incidents has been fluctuating during the past three years but has remained lower than the national average. The DART Rate Comparison reflects that the number of serious incidents has decreased since 28 and has consistently remained significantly lower than the national average Incident Rate Comparison Dearborn Campus U of M Incident Rate National Incident Rate The pattern of cases suggests that injuries, when they occur, tend to be more severe (cases with days away). 1.5 DART Rate Comparison Dearborn Campus U of M DART Rate National DART Rate Because the number of claims is low, variances in activity can easily skew numbers There were NO cases with lost time or restricted days away during 213. Dearborn Campus Claims with Days Away or Restricted Days Away Annual Comparison Total Rest. Days Total Days Lost