43 One tuning fork is struck and placed next to an identical fork. The two forks do not touch. The second tuning fork starts to vibrate because of
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1 43 One tuning fork is struck and placed next to an identical fork. The two forks do not touch. The second tuning fork starts to vibrate because of F G H J interference the Doppler effect resonance standing waves
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3 44 The pitch of a sound made by plucking a guitar string is determined by the A B C D frequency of the vibration produced strength of the plucking force distance between the strings shape of the guitar body
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5 45 Which wave has the greatest velocity? A B C D
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7 46 When trying to spear a fish in water, a person needs to take into account the way light bends as it moves from water into air. The bending of light as it passes from one medium into another is known as F G H J reflection refraction diffraction polarization
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9 Laser Light Striking a DVD 47 When a DVD is read, laser light touches the DVD surface and is then measured at location A. What allows light to return to location A after striking the DVD surface? F G H J Conduction Refraction Magnification Reflection
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11 48 An empty cup was tightly covered with plastic wrap, and a few grains of salt were sprinkled on top of the plastic. When a tuning fork was struck and placed slightly above the plastic wrap, the salt began to move. Which characteristic of waves does the movement of the salt best demonstrate? A B C D Echo formation Diffraction Resonance Specular reflection
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13 49 The diagram shows waves approaching a barrier. Which pattern will be formed after the waves pass through the opening in the barrier? A C B D
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15 50 A tuning fork with a frequency of 256 Hz vibrates when struck. Because of these vibrations, a nearby tuning fork begins to vibrate without being struck. Which of the following best accounts for the vibration of the second tuning fork? F G H J Resonance Polarization Diffraction Refraction
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17 51 Diverging lenses are useful to people who suffer from nearsightedness because the lenses can cause images of distant objects to be focused on the retina. Lenses allow images to be focused on the retina because of F G H J diffusion reflection diffraction refraction
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19 52 A guitar player is seated next to a piano. The piano player strikes an E key on the piano. The guitarist reports that this causes the E string on his guitar to vibrate. What is the name of this phenomenon? A B C D Polarization Resonance Reflection Diffraction
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21 53 A surface wave generated by an earthquake was recorded at Seismic Station 1. Forty seconds later the same wave was recorded at Seismic Station 2. What accounts for the time difference? F The origin of the wave is closer to Seismic Station 1. G The speed of the wave decreases with distance. H The wavelength is longer at Seismic Station 2. J The wave frequency increases when the wave passes through soil.
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23 54 Which process best shows the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy? F G H J Prevailing winds causing windmills to spin Green plants making their own food Uranium producing heat to make steam Tides generating electricity
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25 55 What is the potential energy of the rock? A B C D 59,900 joules 64,600 joules 93,100 joules 121,600 joules
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27 56 Which of the following is an example of solar energy being converted into chemical energy? F G H J Plants producing sugar during the day Water evaporating and condensing in the water cycle The sun unevenly heating Earth s surface Lava erupting from volcanoes for many days
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29 57 Why is the sum of the products energy in this reaction less than the sum of the reactants energy? A B C D Energy is given off as heat. The products absorb available energy. Energy is trapped in the reactants. The reactants energy is less than the melting point of glucose.
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31 58 An inventor claims to have created an internal combustion engine that converts 100 kj of chemical energy from diesel fuel to 140 kj of mechanical energy. This claim violates the law of conservation of F G H J momentum inertia energy mass
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33 Effect Solar Radiation and Earth Amount of Energy per Second (terajoules) Solar radiation reaching Earth 173,410 Radiation reflected back into space Radiation heating atmosphere, landmasses, and oceans Radiation producing winds and ocean currents Radiation used in photosynthesis Radiation resulting in evaporation of water 52,000 81, Assuming the chart contains all energy transformations in the Earth system, how much solar radiation goes toward evaporating water? ? F G H J 40,000 terajoules 92,410 terajoules 121,410 terajoules 133,410 terajoules
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35 60 According to the equation E = mc 2, mass F G H J travels at the speed of light can be transformed into energy contains light energy is doubled when exposed to light
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37 61 What is the approximate difference in gravitational potential energy of the two shaded boxes? F G H J 19 J 39 J 59 J 79 J
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39 Temperature ( C) Mass (g) Metal Block Water The temperature of the water increases by 8 C when the metal block is added. Which could cause the temperature of the water to increase by 10 C after the metal block is added? F G H J Using 500 g of water Using a larger beaker Adding more 20 C water Adding heat to the metal block
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41 63 Because ancient Greeks lived close to water, they may have enjoyed a more constant climate than if they had lived inland. Water warms up and cools down more slowly than land. This is because of water s F G H J boiling point specific heat melting point specific gravity
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43 64 How much heat is lost by 2.0 grams of water if the temperature drops from 31 C to 29 C? The specific heat of water is J/g C. A B C D 4.0 J 6.2 J 8.4 J 16.7 J
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45 65 Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids. Heat convection does not occur in solids because solids are unable to A B C D absorb heat by vibrating transfer heat by fluid motion emit radiation by reflecting light exchange heat by direct contact
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47 66 A solar heater uses energy from the sun to heat water. The heater s panel is painted black to F G H J improve emission of infrared radiation reduce the heat loss by convection currents improve absorption of infrared radiation reduce the heater s conducting properties
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49 67 The moon s surface becomes hot during the long lunar day because the sun transfers heat to the moon. This heat transfer is accomplished almost entirely through the process of F G H J convection refraction conduction radiation
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51 68 In which container is the substance unable to transfer heat by convection? F H G J
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53 Container Temperatures of Water in Different Containers Initial Temperature ( C) Final Temperature ( C) P Q Container P and Container Q each were filled with 0.5 liter of water. The water was heated to 90 C. The table shows the temperatures after both containers were allowed to cool for 3 minutes. Compared to Container Q, Container P is a better A B C D conductor absorber radiator insulator
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55 70 The transfer of heat by the movement of air currents in Earth s atmosphere is an example of A B C D conduction convection radiation fusion
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57 71 An increase in greenhouse gases is considered harmful because it A B C D allows more heat to be trapped in the lower atmosphere depletes carbon dioxide in the atmosphere releases energy trapped inside Earth destroys light energy that plants need for photosynthesis
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59 72 Which of these activities can help conserve natural resources? F G H J Recycling cardboard boxes Washing small loads of laundry Driving large cars Building wooden fences
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61 73 In West Texas and Southern California, high winds drive turbines that generate electricity. One advantage that wind energy has over energy generated from solar cells is that wind energy A B C D is plentiful everywhere can be generated at night produces cleaner energy is free of environmental hazards
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63 74 Battery-powered cars produce less air pollution than gasolinepowered cars. However, one environmental concern of using battery-powered cars is that batteries A B C D are heavier than gasoline engines waste more energy than gasoline engines contain toxic substances that are difficult to dispose of produce direct current rather than alternating current
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65 75 All of these materials can be recycled except F G H J aluminum lumber glass coal
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67 76 This picture shows a small section of a solar power plant. Which of these decreases the energy production at such power plants? F G H J Cloudy skies Ozone in the air Hot weather Low humidity
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69 77 Which of these produces most of the compounds responsible for causing acid rain? A B C D Nuclear fission Fossil fuels Solar cells Windmills
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71 78 Before 1992, in order to prevent hydrogen gas from being produced, the zinc powder in some alkaline batteries was covered with mercury. Mercury is toxic to many life-forms. Which of the following best explains how mercury from batteries got into the environment? A B C D Newly manufactured batteries were transported long distances. Operating batteries increased the temperature of conductors. Used batteries discarded in landfills decomposed. Voltage loss occurred between battery terminals.
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73 79 One economic benefit of using rechargeable batteries instead of disposable batteries is that rechargeable batteries F G H J are cheaper to manufacture can be packaged in small containers can be used many times generate their own electricity
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75 80 Electric power plants that burn fossil fuels generate billions of tons of carbon dioxide and other gases. How might replacing these power plants with solar cells affect the environment? A B C D The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere might increase. Less land might be needed to produce the same amount of electricity. Forest fires resulting from highly flammable emissions might be avoided. The amount of released gases that trap atmospheric heat might be reduced.
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77 81 The typical automobile s kinetic energy is converted to heat energy when the brakes are applied. A braking system that converts kinetic energy to electrical energy instead of heat energy has been designed. The electrical energy can be used later to move the car again. How does a system like this benefit the environment? F G H J Greater use of solar energy Ability to harness wind energy Decreased use of fossil fuels Use of renewable hydroelectricity
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79 82 Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and nickel are often found in landfills and occasionally leach into rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. Such heavy metals are toxic to wildlife and to humans. Which of the following sources of environmental contamination is most often associated with these heavy metals? F G H J Batteries Plastics Automobile exhaust Tobacco smoke
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81 83 Which of these is an advantage of producing electricity using solar power plants rather than using coal-fired power plants? A B C D Solar power plants can operate for about 10 hours per day. Solar power plants can produce variable amounts of energy. Solar power plants produce fewer pollutants. Solar power plants require continuous sunlight.
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83 84 Which of these devices uses the sun s energy directly? A B C D Windmill Hydroelectric dam Nuclear power plant Photovoltaic cell
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85 85 A company has decided to market itself as environmentally friendly. If the company is going to sell calculators, the use of which energy source would produce the fewest by-products and the least waste? F G H J Rechargeable batteries Solar cells Dry-cell batteries Tesla coils
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87 Question Correct Answer Objective 5 Answer Key Objective Measured Student Expectation Source - item number 1 A 5 IPC 4A 2002 Info Booklet 14 2 D 5 IPC 4A 2004 Info Booklet 25 3 D 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS 27 4 F 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS 42 5 B 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS 45 6 H 5 IPC 4A Apr 2004 TAKS 54 7 C 5 IPC 4A Jul 2004 TAKS 21 8 A 5 IPC 4A Jul 2004 TAKS 41 9 H 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS J 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS J 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS C 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS 7 13 J 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS D 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS J 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS H 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS H 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS C 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS D 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS G 5 IPC 4A Jul 2006 TAKS B 5 IPC 4B 2004 Info Booklet C 5 IPC 4B 2003 TAKS C 5 IPC 4B Apr 2004 TAKS F 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS 20
88 Question Correct Answer Objective 5 Answer Key Objective Measured Student Expectation Source - item number 26 J 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS G 5 IPC 4B Apr 2006 TAKS D 5 IPC 4B Oct 2005 TAKS G 5 IPC 4B Oct 2005 TAKS G 5 IPC 4B Feb 2006 TAKS J 5 IPC 4B Jul 2006 TAKS IPC 4B Jul 2006 TAKS C 5 IPC 4B Fall 2005 TAKS C 5 IPC 4D 2002 Info Booklet B 5 IPC 4D 2004 Info Booklet G 5 IPC 4D 2003 TAKS F 5 IPC 4D Apr 2004 TAKS G 5 IPC 4D Jul 2004 TAKS H 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS C 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS F 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS B 5 IPC 5B 2004 Info Booklet H 5 IPC 5B 2003 TAKS A 5 IPC 5B Apr 2004 TAKS B 5 IPC 5B Jul 2004 TAKS 7 46 G 5 IPC 5B Jul 2004 TAKS J 5 IPC 5B Apr 2006 TAKS 6 48 C 5 IPC 5B Apr 2006 TAKS B 5 IPC 5B Oct 2005 TAKS 3 50 F 5 IPC 5B Oct 2005 TAKS 32
89 Question Correct Answer Objective 5 Answer Key Objective Measured Student Expectation Source - item number 51 J 5 IPC 5B Feb 2006 TAKS B 5 IPC 5B Jul 2006 TAKS F 5 IPC 5B Fall 2005 TAKS G 5 IPC 6A 2003 TAKS C 5 IPC 6A 2003 TAKS F 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS A 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS H 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS F 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS G 5 IPC 6A Oct 2005 TAKS G 5 IPC 6A Feb 2006 TAKS J 5 IPC 6A Fall 2005 TAKS 8 63 G 5 IPC 6A Fall 2005 TAKS D 5 IPC 6B 2004 Info Booklet B 5 IPC 6B 2003 TAKS H 5 IPC 6B 2003 TAKS J 5 IPC 6B Apr 2004 TAKS 8 68 J 5 IPC 6B Apr 2004 TAKS D 5 IPC 6B Jul 2004 TAKS B 5 IPC 6B Jul 2006 TAKS A 5 IPC 6B Fall 2005 TAKS F 5 IPC 6D 2003 TAKS B 5 IPC 6D Apr 2004 TAKS C 5 IPC 6D Jul 2004 TAKS J 5 IPC 6D Jul 2004 TAKS 54
90 Question Correct Answer Objective 5 Answer Key Objective Measured Student Expectation 76 F 5 IPC 6D Apr 2006 TAKS 4 Source - item number 77 B 5 IPC 6D Apr 2006 TAKS C 5 IPC 6D Oct 2005 TAKS H 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS 2 80 D 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS H 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS F 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS C 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS 9 84 D 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS G 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS 28
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