Wavelet Transform Coding p. 63 Wavelets and Scaling Functions p. 66 Filter Banks and Wavelets p. 67 Discrete Wavelet Transform p.

Transcription

1 Preface p. ix Acknowledgments p. xi Acronyms p. xiii Introduction p. 1 Overview p. 1 Organization of the Book p. 3 Appendices p. 4 Bibliography p. 4 Packet Video in the Network Environment p. 5 Introduction p. 5 Benefits and Shortcomings of Packet Video p. 6 Some Issues in Packet Video p. 7 Layered Source Coding p. 8 Error Recovery p. 10 Statistical Behavior of Video Signals p. 10 Packet Video Network Architecture Model p. 11 Packet Switched Network for Real-Time Video Transport p. 15 Video Transmission Over Packet Switched Networks p. 16 Packet Video Coding p. 17 Video Data Scrambling and Interleaving p. 19 Video Compression in a Packet Network Environment p. 20 Compression Schemes p. 22 Digital Video Compression p. 23 Video Communication Using Asynchronous Transfer Mode Technique p. 25 Introduction p. 25 ATM for the Future Broadband ISDN p. 29 Main ATM Features p. 31 ATM Layers p. 34 Packetization for ATM Networks p. 36 Buffering in the ATM Environment p. 39 Leaky Bucket p. 41 Transmission of High-Priority Video Data p. 42 Video Sources Model Description p. 42 Video Coding Techniques p. 45 Fixed Bit Rate and Variable Bit Rate Coder p. 50 Layered Coding Models in ATM p. 51 Subband Coding p. 52 Three-Dimensional Subband Spatio-Temporal Decomposition p. 55 Discrete Cosine Transform p. 58 Adaptive Subband Discrete Cosine Transform Coding p. 60 Lapped Orthogonal Transform p. 61

2 Wavelet Transform Coding p. 63 Wavelets and Scaling Functions p. 66 Filter Banks and Wavelets p. 67 Discrete Wavelet Transform p. 67 Predictive Encoding p. 71 DPCM and Subband Coding Techniques p. 73 Hybrid DCT/DPCM Coding p. 74 Vector Quantization p. 76 Fractal Coding p. 80 MPEG Video Coding p. 83 Motion Compensation p. 86 Motion Estimation p. 87 Comments p. 89 Scalability Techniques p. 91 Introduction to Scalability p. 91 Basic Approaches to Achieve Scalability p. 93 Types of Scalabilities p. 94 Data Partitioning p. 95 SNR Scalability p. 98 Coding Issues p. 102 Frequency Scalability p. 102 Chroma Simulcast p. 103 Spatial Scalability p. 103 Progressive-Progressive Spatial Scalability p. 107 Progressive-Interlace Spatial Scalability p. 107 Interlace-Interlace Spatial Scalability p. 108 Interlace-Progressive Spatial Scalability p. 111 Temporal Scalability p. 112 Hybrid Scalability p. 115 Spatial and Temporal Hybrid Scalability p. 116 SNR and Spatial Hybrid Scalability p. 117 SNR and Temporal Hybrid Scalability p. 118 MPEG and ITU-T Video Standards p. 121 Introduction p. 122 Characteristics of MPEG Video Compression p. 124 MPEG Bit Stream Syntax p. 128 MPEG-2 Video Standard p. 128 MPEG-2 Nonscalable Video Coding p. 129 MPEG-2 Scalable Video Coding p. 132 MPEG-2 Video: Discussion p. 134 ITU-T Recommendation H.263, H.263+, H.263++, and H.26L p. 136

3 MPEG-4 Video Standardization Process p. 146 Scope and Features of the MPEG-4 Standard p. 153 Overview of the MPEG-4 System p. 157 Object-Based Coding Syntax p. 158 MPEG-4 Terminal p. 163 Structure of the Tools for Representing Natural Video p. 164 MPEG-4 Video Verification Model p. 167 Video Coding Algorithms p. 171 Video Decoding Process p. 184 Still Texture Object Decoding p. 192 Mesh Object Decoding p. 197 Face Object Decoding p. 198 Visual-Systems Composition Issues p. 199 Error Resilience p. 202 Profiles and Levels p. 203 MPEG-7 Standardization of Multimedia Content Description Interface p. 204 Objectives, Scope, and Requirements p. 207 Applications p. 214 Research Areas p. 216 Concluding Remarks p. 220 Some Issues Involved in Asynchronous Transfer of Video p. 223 Rate Control p. 223 Rate Function Bounding p. 225 Multiplexing in an ATM Network Environment p. 226 Deterministic Multiplexing p. 228 Statistical Multiplexing without Quality Guarantees p. 228 Statistical Multiplexing with Quality Guarantees p. 229 Multiplexing of MPEG Video Sources p. 230 ATM Multiplexer for Multiple Two-Layer Video Streams p. 231 Video Delay p. 232 Cell Delay Variation p. 234 Delay Control p. 234 Errors and Losses in Asynchronous Transfer Mode of Video p. 236 Cell Losses in ATM Networks p. 237 Cell Loss Process--The Gilbert Model p. 239 Cell Loss Rate Characteristics as a Function of Time p. 240 Cell Jitter Reduction p. 241 Network Framing p. 243 Error Concealment Strategies for ATM Networks p. 245 Codeword Domain Error Concealment p. 245 Spatio-Temporal Error Concealment p. 246

4 Adaptive Error Concealment for Intracoded Frames p. 247 Spatial Scalable Error Concealment p. 248 Encoding Parameter Adjustment p. 249 MPEG Video Error Concealment p. 250 Loss Concealment p. 252 Bandwidth Management p. 252 Bandwidth Management for the ABR Service p. 254 Video over Wireless ATM Networks p. 254 Wireless ATM Reference Models p. 256 Fixed Wireless Components p. 256 Mobile End Users p. 256 Mobile Switches with Fixed End Users p. 256 Mobile Switches with Mobile End Users p. 257 Interworking with the Personal Communication Service p. 258 Wireless Ad Hoc Networks p. 258 Wireless ATM Design Issues p. 258 Mobile ATM p. 258 Radio Access Layer p. 260 Concluding Remarks p. 261 Asynchronous Transfer of Video in the Internet p. 263 Introduction p. 263 The Global Internet p. 266 Internet Network Architecture p. 267 Internet and ATM p. 269 Integrating IP and ATM p. 271 Internet Integrated Services p. 272 Internet Engineering Task Force Integrated Services p. 273 Controlled-Load Service p. 274 Guaranteed Service p. 275 MPEG-4 Video Transport over the Internet p. 276 Concluding Remarks p. 277 Quality of Service for Packet Video Over ATM Networks p. 279 Introduction p. 280 Integrated Video Services over ATM p. 282 Service Classes Defined by the ATM Forum p. 284 ATM Service Category Alternatives p. 285 Video Aggregation p. 287 Modeling the Aggregated Traffic p. 290 Quality of Service p. 291 Quality of Service Parameters p. 293 QoS Classes p. 296

5 Quality of Service Requirements p. 298 Quality of Service and Basic Coding Techniques p. 300 Traffic Management Functions and QoS Requirements p. 301 QoS Protocol Reference Model p. 303 QoS: Maintenance, Monitoring, Adaptation p. 305 Perceptual Quality of the Received Video p. 306 Concluding Remarks p. 307 Video in Multimedia Communications p. 309 Introduction p. 309 Distributed Multimedia Systems p. 311 Main Features of DMS p. 313 Requirements of Distributed Multimedia Applications p. 314 Distributed Multimedia Applications p. 315 Interactive Television p. 316 Customer Premises Equipment p. 316 Interactive Television Servers p. 318 User Interface p. 320 Media Editors p. 320 Navigation p. 321 Content Creation for ITV p. 321 Hypermedia Applications p. 323 Video on Demand p. 323 Some Open Issues p. 325 Scalability with Respect to Multimedia Applications p. 325 Routing p. 326 Pricing p. 326 Concluding Remarks p. 327 Information on the Internet p. 329 Atsc Digital TV Standard Transport Packet Stream p. 355 Multimedia and Standardization p. 365 Bibliography p. 375 Index p. 411 About the Authors p. 419 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.