Fuel Your Brain to Get the Grade: The Learning Connection. Robert Murray MD Professor of Human Nutrition The Ohio State University

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1 Fuel Your Brain to Get the Grade: The Learning Connection Robert Murray MD Professor of Human Nutrition The Ohio State University

2 Brain Structure Changes With Experiences, Especially in The Developing Brain

3 More than Just the Genes The Family Genes Home life Daily Life Thinking Learning Memory Community Education Social life Culture Personality

4 The Developing Brain Brain doubles in size in first year Triples in size by the third year Massive synaptic connections Strengthened by use

5 Positive Stress Stress Shapes the Brain Is brief, infrequent, mild or moderate Is normal in everyday life Motivates, builds exploration and curiosity, and teaches the child to adapt The child s social and emotional supports help manage stress and allow a return to normal

6 Prolonged Stress can Harm a Child Hunger & Malnutrition Illness or Chronic disease Injury or trauma Neglect Violence & Abuse Family chaos Environmental toxins

7 Toxic Stress Toxic Stress Damages Brain Long lasting, frequent, or intense Adverse childhood events (ACEs) Perceived by the child as overwhelming Results in Anxiety Anger Emotional outbursts Fear Withdrawal Damaging if the child does not have sufficient social and emotional buffers

8 Death Early Death Disease & Disability Adoption of Health-Risk Behaviors Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Impairment Birth Adverse Childhood Experiences Toxic Stress Can Impact Life Long Health Slide modified from V. J. Felitti

9 Lickers & Groomers Handling rat pups caused anxiety = stress Maternal behavior* High L&G Low L&G High = greater exploration, curiosity, socialization, healthier, less anxious, less aggressive Biochemical changes in brain: stress hormones M Meany et al, McGill University

10 We Can Build SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL BUFFERS Self-Regulation Coping, Persistence Organization, Planning Relief of anxiety and stress Curiosity, Exploration Learned through experience Modeled by others, reinforced Turn off over-reactions to stress (stress hormones) Success in and out of school

11 The Middle Brain Develops First & Fast Emotional Outbursts Fear Anxiety Impulsive Stress First Reactions

12 The Front Brain What Develops Slower? Calculating Plans Ahead Thinks First Multi-tasks Logical Organized

13 There are Things We Can Do The Family Genes Home life Daily Life Thinking Learning Memory Community Education Social life Culture Personality Reaction to Stress Grit Attitude

14 Building Control Pay Attention Ignore distractions Control emotions Stay focused Work on an Idea Evaluate new ideas Use past experiences Adjust Thinking Switch points of view Overcome barriers Think about what if

15 Strong research shows improved nutrition & daily activity classroom behavior, thinking and memory higher test scores 15

16 Overweight Poor Quality Diet Inactive Unfit

17 Food Insecurity & Hunger Slows development Psychosocial, behavioral, and attention problems Depression and suicidal thoughts in adolescents Lowers academic performance A Chronic Stress Affects 1 in 5 Children

18 The Nutrition Safety Net WIC & SNAP The National School Lunch Program School Breakfast Program The Seamless Summer Meal Program After-School Snacks Special Milk Program Child and Adult Care Food Program Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program Commodity Supplement Program Critical since 2008 Economic Downturn

19 The School Nutrition Success Story 55 million students 32 million lunches/day 35-40% calories at school Improves nutrition Lessens obesity Improves behavior Boosts academic achievement, especially among disadvantaged

20

21 Nutritional Contributions of School Breakfast Program Greater energy/ day Vit C Phosphorus Calcium Magnesium Riboflavin Fiber Energy and micronutrients not consumed at breakfast are not made up over 24 hrs

22 Breakfast & Body Weight In children, adolescents & adults Regular breakfast = Lower weight Skippers are twice as likely to be overweight

23 Our Brain Needs Constant Glucose Brain cells use nearly 20% of all our daily calories

24 Nutrients Fuel the Brain Structure and Function Vit B1 utilize glucose, modulate cognition Vit B6, B12 synthesis of neurotransmitters Vit B12 cognition, language Vit C concentrated in nerve endings Vit D prevents neurodegenerative disease Vit E membrane protection Flavonoids protect, enhance neuronal function Iron oxygenation, synthesis of myelin & neurotransmitters, brain development, IQ Magnesium red-ox and ion regulation Zinc taste perception Iodine (via thyroid) cellular energy metabolism Omega 3 PUFA cognition, visual development Bourre JM. J Nutr Health Aging, 10:377, 2006

25 Fasting vs Glucose-Rich Brain FASTING The Mid-Brain Food Seeking Mode * Distracted, irritable, Restless, anxious Glucose-rich The Front Brain Working Mode * Calm, focused, organized, thoughtful

26 A Good Diet Changes the Brain More brain cells Stronger connections Faster communication More blood flow More glucose & oxygen Rapid repair

27 And Yet Only 1/3 of Eligible Kids Get Breakfast at School Less hunger during school More attentive, fewer behavioral problems Increased attendance Less tardiness Fewer visits to school RN Lower obesity rates Math scores higher Graduation rates up 18% Share Our Strength/ Delloite Study, 2013

28 The Best Breakfast Food groups: dairy, fruit, grains, veggies, protein All 3: carbs, protein, fats Lots of vitamins, minerals, fiber A little sweet or spice for flavor to encourage nutrients Limited sodium Right amount of calories - about ¼ daily total

29 Speed Meals Yogurt & kcal Calcium, Vit D Other Vits & Minerals Cereal Bars 120 kcal High in Vit A, Calcium, Zinc, Vit B6, Iron Balance carbs, fats, proteins Whole grains Energy Bars 230 kcals Grains, fruit High in potassium, Vit A, Vit C, Calcium, Iron, Vit D, Vit E, fiber, Vit B12, Magnesium, Zinc, etc. Balance: fats, carbs, protein Instant breakfast & Milk 130 kcals + non-fat milk = 220 kcals High in potassium, Vit A, C, Calcium, Iron w/ milk it blends carbs, protein, fats

30 Breakfast Science 45 Studies Nearly all showed a positive effect Vulnerable kids most effect School BF most consistent effect Math & Memory better Memory, attention better Late morning especially Better on more demanding tests High-risk children showed better Verbal skills Memory Matching tests Hoyland et al. Nutr Res Rev 2009; 22:220

31 Benefits of Breakfast at School Philadelphia Before vs After Universal Breakfast Program: Participation doubled New participants showed: Higher math grades Less absence and tardiness Stronger sense of well-being Breakfast at Test Time Corn flakes & milk At home vs At school Breakfast closest to test time greatly improved test scores School BF better than Home BF Both better than No BF

32 The 1,2,3 of Grab n Go Breakfast 1. A quality breakfast 1.Together with friends 1. And a teacher s hand

33 FITNESS & ACTIVE PLAY Stimulate the Brain

34 Inhibits impulsivity Curiosity and exploration Planning and organization Evaluating decisions, consequences Dealing with multiple things at once Making connections with past learning Sticking with a project Overcoming obstacles

35 Exercise in Obese Children Brain Images Brain Tests Front Brain Function Improves Math Scores Go Up Even in High-Risk Kids Davis et al. Health Psychol 2011, 30:91-98

36 24 Fitness Improves Memory The FitKids Study Δ% VO * 4 0 FITKids Control Better Aerobic Fitness = Bigger Hippocampus = Better Memory Hippocampal Volume (cm 3 ) FITKids Controls * Chaddock et al Pre-Test Post-Test

37 Optimal brain processing requires a period of relaxation after a period of concentrated learning

38 Institute of Medicine Report May minutes per day A Whole-of-School Approach: Before school PE Daily Recess Daily 10-minute Breaks between classes Clubs After-school activity Active field trips

39 Play at Recess is a Life Skills Class Adapt, adjust to complex school environment Practice & role-play social skills Social Emotional Learning Learn communication: negotiation, cooperation, sharing and problem-solving

40 and to manage stress, organize learn and practice coping skills, exercise curiosity and self-control

41 And Yet The fewest minutes of recess occur in those schools with poor children those with the highest need

42 Many Things Build the Brain The Family Genes Home life Daily Life Diet Play Interactions Thinking Learning Memory Community Education Social life Culture Personality Reaction to Stress Grit Attitude

43 School Wellness Committees

44 Fuel Up to Play 60 Child-Led Programs for Nutrition & Physical Activity

45 So Tell the Story ActionForHealthyKids.org GenYouthFoundation.org

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