Knowledge of the alphabetic code Understanding of the skills of segmenting and blending

Transcription

1 Phonics for Parents

2 What is Phonics? Phonics is Knowledge of the alphabetic code (26 letters, 44 phonemes, 140 different letter combinations) + Understanding of the skills of segmenting and blending

3 What is a letter and what is a phoneme? The English alphabet has 26 letters: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z But 44 phonemes: /b/ /k/ /d/ /f/ /g/ /h/ /j/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /p/ /r/ /s/ /t/ / v/ /w/ /y/ /z/ /sh/ /ch/ /th/ /th/ /ng/ /zh/ /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ /ai/ /ee/ /igh/ /oa/ /oo/ /oo/ /ow/ /oi/ /ar/ /or/ /ur/ /air/ /ear/ /ure/ /er/ A phoneme is the sound that a letter or group of letters make. They are usually written between / /

4 The steps we teach 1. Oral blending Hearing a series of spoken sounds and merging them together to make a spoken word no text is used For example, when a teacher calls out b-u-s, the children say bus This skill is usually taught before blending and reading printed words

5 2. Blending Recognising the letter sounds in a written word, for example c-u-p, and merging or synthesising them in the order in which they are written to pronounce the word cup.

6 3. Segmenting Identifying the individual sounds in a spoken word (e.g. h-i-m) and writing down or manipulating letters for each sound to form the word him

7 We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are represented by letters (grapheme) A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters, The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme

8 A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters A child needs to learn the letters that make up each sound, this is known as phoneme-grapheme representation. phonemes can be in the initial, medial or final position of a word. E.g. sat

9 A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters A single phoneme represented by 1 or more letters e.g. ch ai n vowel digraphs ai, ee, ie, oa, oo, ar, ir, oi, ou, ay, a-e, u-e etc.. trigraphs igh, air, ear

10 A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters Digraph Two letters, which make one sound A consonant digraph contains two consonants sh ck th ll A vowel digraph contains at least one vowel also known as long vowel phoneme ai ee ar oy

11 A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters Trigraph Three letters, which make one sound igh dge

12 A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters Consonant digraphs ll ss ff zz hill puff fizz sh ch th wh ship chat thin ck ng qu sing quick

13 A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters Adjacent consonants (used to be called blends!) Letter combinations where each letter makes an individual phoneme sp st sk sl tr ft nt lt mp un lp dr cl sw cr sm

14 A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters Split digraph A digraph in which the two letters are not adjacent (e.g. make) a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e

15 How many phonemes? Shelf Dress Wing Think church Number of phonem es 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5th

16 We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are represented by letters (grapheme) A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters, The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme

17 The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way This is very common particularly among the vowels, e.g. rain, may, lake burn, first, term, heard, work

18 The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way 1) vowel digraphs (long vowel phonemes) a ae ai ay ey eigh e e-e ea ee y i i-e ie igh y o o-e oa oe ow u u-e ue oo ew oo u oul ow ou ough oi oy ar a or aw ore a ough air are ear eer ear

19 Up to you! Can you sort these words into their respective long vowel phonemes? Play train sleep bean Toe sign through coat Pine eye glue sleigh

20 ae ee ie oa ue

21 We mentioned there are 44 different sounds (phonemes) and these are represented by letters (grapheme) A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters, The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme

22 The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme E.g. mean, deaf This is where children need to learn to use the skill of making sense of the text.

23 The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme Each pair of words has the same grapheme but a different phoneme! he bed cow low Hat was Tin mind And even worse! meat bread bear hear

24 Up to you! Can you sort these words by phoneme. They all use the /y/ grapheme! Yes, by, gym, why, very, Egypt, yacht, reply, yo-yo, funny, crystal, yellow, crunchy,

25 CVC words These are the first words your child will learn to read and spell Each sound is represented by just one letter Consonant-vowel-consonant Examples are Cat pig fat

26 The next step More consonants and vowel sounds are added to increase the complexity of the words written and read.

27 Examples of CCVC, CVCC, CCCVC and CCVCC b l a c k c c v c s t r o ng c c c v c f e l t c v c c b l a n k c c v c c

28 Words sometimes wrongly identified as CVC bow few saw her

29 Phonics Readers We are now using phonics readers in the early stages of reading development. This enables the child to use sounds already learnt in a meaningful way. Once children have developed a wide repertoire of sounds whey can tackle a wider range of books with some unknown and high frequency words

30 In Summary Phonemes are represented by letters (grapheme) A child needs to learn the letters that make up each sound, this is known as phoneme-grapheme representation. phonemes can be in the initial, medial or final position of a word. E.g. sat A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters A single phoneme represented by 2 letters or more e.g. ch ai n vowel digraphs ai, ee, ie, oa, oo, ar, ir, oi, ou, ay, a-e, u-e etc.. trigraphs igh, air, ear The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way This very common particularly among the vowels, e.g. rain, may, lake On the surface this appears to present problems in spelling accuracy but there are many rules that can be applied according to position and associated consonants The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme E.g. mean, deaf This is where children need to learn to use the skill of making sense of the text.