Polymers Elastomers Composites Analytical Lab Services
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1 Polymers Elastomers Composites Analytical Lab Services Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) SES provides physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal analysis of a broad range of materials. From the non-metallic world of polymers, elastomers, and polymer based composites to liquids and lubricants, and also traditional metallic materials, SES has the experience to identify and develop the test method required, conduct the testing, and interpret the results. Contact us today with your analytical services needs.
2 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS (DMA) SES provides Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of polymers, elastomers, composites and ceramics. The DMA allows for the modeling of master material curves, stress relaxation behavior, glass transition temperature, as well as other high end material based experiments. Common DMA fixtures used for testing by SES include: Dual Cantilever Compression ASTM D7028 Three-Point Bending Thin Film (Tension) INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES TEMPERATURE RANGE -150 C to 600 C MAXIMUM FORCE 18 N MINIMUM FORCE N FORCE RESOLUTION N STRAIN RESOLUTION 1 NANOMETER FREQUENCY RANGE 0.01 to 200HZ HEATING RATE 0.1 C to 20 C PER MINUTE COOLING RATE 0.1 C to 10 C PER MINUTE Stress Engineering Services, Inc.
3 Sample A shows a decline in storage modulus followed by an increase; this indicates a sample that is not fully cured. After post curing (Sample B), the sample shows a higher Tg and is fully cured. ASTM D7028, Composite Pipe Repair DMA The DMA can also be used to determine stress/strain behavior of ultra-thin films that would be difficult to characterize on conventional test equipment. The material properties can then be used to simulate non-linear structural behavior of products, devices, and equipment. Sample geometry requirements are variable and depend on the technique and fixture used during testing. SES conducts analysis using both standardized and customized methodology. A list containing common test methods is shown below. SES has developed several custom methods for analyzing material characteristics. STANDARD TESTS ASTM D7028, E1640 ASTM D4065, D5279 ASTM D4473 GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE (Tg) STANDARD DMA CURE BEHAVIOR OF THERMOSETS PRICING 1 Sample (Temp > 23 C) polymers@stress.com 1 Sample (Temp < 23 C) polymers@stress.com 3
4 DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC) SES provides Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for thermal analysis of polymers, elastomers, polymer based composites and liquids to support a variety of industrial market sectors and functions. DSC can be used to determine the effect of thermal aging, chemical aging and medical sterilization. It is also a valuable compositional analysis tool, making it useful for reverse engineering. Material samples can be as small as 0.5 mg. SES conducts analysis using both standardized and customized methodology. A list containing common test methods is provided on the following page. INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES TEMPERATURE RANGE -180 C to 725 C TEMPERATURE ACCURACY ± 0.1 C TEMPERATURE PRECISION ± 0.05 C CALORIMETRIC PRECISION ± 0.1% CALORIMETRIC REPRODUCIBILITY ± 0.1% HEATING RATE 0.1 C to 200 C PER MINUTE COOLING RATE 0.1 C to 50 C PER MINUTE PURGE GAS AVAILABILITY NITROGEN, OXYGEN, AIR, ARGON, HELIUM Stress Engineering Services, Inc.
5 This plot is of a polyethylene sample extracted from a medical component before and after sterilization. The oxidative induction time (OIT) measures the amount of stabilizer in the resin. When the heat flow increases from the baseline, this indicates the stabilizer has been depleted. In this example, while reduced during gamma sterilization, the stabilizer is still present post-sterilization. The shift distinctly shows the reduction in stability caused by the depletion of stabilizer. DSC STANDARD TESTS ASTM D7426, E1356 ASTM D3895, E1858 ASTM D3418 ASTM E2070 ASTM E928 ASTM E1269 ASTM E793 ISO 11357/22768 ASTM D1519 GLASS TRANSITION (Tg) VIA DSC OXIDATIVE INDUCTION TIME VIA DSC TRANSITION TEMPERATURES OF POLYMERS KINETIC PARAMETERS VIA ISOTHERMAL DSC DETERMINATION OF PURITY VIA DSC DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY ENTHALPIES OF FUSION/CRYSTALLIZATION MELTING AND CRYSTALLIZATION/Tg ANALYSIS RUBBER CHEMICAL MELTING RANGE PRICING 1 Sample polymers@stress.com 2-4 Samples polymers@stress.com 5+ Samples polymers@stress.com 5
6 FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (FTIR) SES uses Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify organic compounds, polymeric materials and additives. FTIR testing is a common technique used to identify unknown polymers and organic compounds. FTIR is a classic reverse engineering technique that can be used to determine a polymer class (thermosetting vs. thermoplastic) and family (i.e. Nylon, Polyethylene, Polypropylene). By focusing on subtleties in the spectra produced for polymers, further identification and delineation is possible (i.e. Homopolymer Polypropylene can be differentiated from Copolymer Polypropylene). FTIR is generally a surface technique (i.e. infrared penetration of 2-5 µm). However, it is capable of determining whether a material has been contaminated and in some cases, degraded. The fingerprint for each material is unique and distinct. In certain cases, FTIR must be coupled with other techniques (such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Raman Spectroscopy, or SEM). INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES MICRO-FTIR AVAILABLE DIAMOND PLATE AVAILABLE GERMANIUM PLATE AVAILABLE LIQUID SAMPLES YES SOLID SAMPLES YES LIBRARY SPECTRA >13, Stress Engineering Services, Inc.
7 The following samples are both Polypropylene. Homopolymer and copolymer polypropylene have significant performance differences. In the case in which a product is performing below expectations, it is possible to determine if the appropriate resin was used. The crystalline peak at 720 cm -1 is associated with ethylene and indicates the material is copolymer polypropylene. The lack of a distinct peak at 720 cm -1 indicates homopolymer polypropylene. COPOLYMER HOMOPOLYMER FTIR SES conducts analysis using both standardized and customized methodology. A list containing common test methods is shown below. Employing a database with 1000s of library spectra, SES is capable of identifying most unknown materials. STANDARD TESTS ASTM E168 ASTM E1252 QUANTITATIVE FTIR ANALYSIS QUALITATIVE FTIR ANALYSIS PRICING 1 Sample polymers@stress.com 2-4 Samples polymers@stress.com 5+ Samples polymers@stress.com 7
8 THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS (TGA) SES provides Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) for thermal analysis of polymers, polymer based composites and elastomers. TGA can be used to determine the kinetics of decomposition of a material, the distillation temperature of a liquid, the effect of aging and medical sterilization, and the effect of prolonged exposure at static temperatures. It is a valuable technique when used to analyze the organic/inorganic composition of a material. Samples can be as little as 1 mg. TGA testing can occur in various gaseous environments (Nitrogen, Oxygen, Air, etc.). SES conducts analysis using both standardized and customized methodology. A list containing common test methods is provided on the following page. INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES TEMPERATURE RANGE 23 C to 1000 C ISOTHERMAL TEMPERATURE ACCURACY ± 1.0 C ISOTHERMAL TEMPERATURE PRECISION ± 0.1 C BALANCE CAPACITY 1.0 G WEIGHING PRECISION ± 0.01% BALANCE SENSITIVITY 0.1 µg HEATING RATE 0.1 C to 100 C PER MINUTE PURGE GAS AVAILABILITY NITROGEN, OXYGEN, AIR, ARGON, HELIUM Stress Engineering Services, Inc.
9 ASTM E1131 provides compositional information about a sample.the weight loss regimes correspond to plasticizers, additives, and fillers. Comparative analysis of materials pre- and post- application exposure can assist with determining failure mechanisms. TGA STANDARD TESTS ASTM E1131 ASTM D6370 ASTM D2584 ASTM D6558 ASTM D3850 ASTM D6375 COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS VIA TGA ELASTOMER COMPOSITION ANALYSIS VIA TGA IGNITION LOSS OF CURED REINFORCED RESINS CO2 REACTIVITY OF ANODE/CATHODE BLOCKS RAPID DEGRADATION OF ELECTRICAL COMPOSITION EVAPORATION LOSS OF LUBRICATING OILS PRICING 1 Sample polymers@stress.com 2-4 Samples polymers@stress.com 5+ Samples polymers@stress.com 9
10 THERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS (TMA) SES provides Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) of metallic and non-metallic coupons to acquire properties related to the coefficient of thermal expansion. Characterization of polymers, elastomers, adhesives, composites, ceramics, glasses and metallic substrates is possible with this analytical characterization instrument. Typical Applications for the TMA include: Measurement of Dimensional Change Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion Multi-layer film analysis Determination of Material Anisotropy Determination of Softening Temperatures Determination of Glass Transition Temperature Difficult to measure Glass Transition Temperatures INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES TEMPERATURE RANGE -150 C TO 1000 C SENSITIVITY 15 NANOMETERS FORCE RANGE N TO 2.0 N FORCE RESOLUTION N MEASUREMENT PRECISION ± 0.1% TEMPERATURE PRECISION ± 1 C TYPICAL HEATING RATE 0.1 C TO 5 C PER MINUTE PURGE GAS AVAILABILITY NITROGEN, OXYGEN, AIR Stress Engineering Services, Inc.
11 Polymers, composites, and elastomers have temperature dependent thermal expansion properties. This example of an epoxy resin shows that there are two distinct regions of thermal expansion. When below the glass transition temperature, the linear coefficient of thermal expansion is less than half the value of that when above the glass transition temperature. In electronic component applications, selecting the appropriate materials and understanding the thermal operating map can reduce strain on components from thermal expansion. TMA TMA is a valuable test method for failure analysis, application development, material development, computational analysis, material characterization and competitive analysis. STANDARD TESTS ASTM E831 ASTM D3386 ASTM D696 ISO DIN LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION OF SOLID MATERIALS LINEAR EXPANSION OF INSULATING MATERIALS LINEAR EXPANSION OF PLASTICS TMA OF THERMOPLASTICS AND THERMOSETS THERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS PRICING 1 Sample polymers@stress.com 2-4 Samples polymers@stress.com 5+ Samples polymers@stress.com 11
12 Call SES Today at CONTACT INFORMATION Houston Phone: Cincinnati Phone: New Orleans Phone: Calgary Phone: On the web at innovation.stress.com or Or Stress Engineering Services, Inc. 490
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