The Road to WWII

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1 The Road to WWII

2 I. UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WWII (N.A.V.A.L.) N----Nationalism throughout world A----Axis nations seek expansion V----Versailles Treaty angers many nations A----Appeasement policy L----League of Nations too weak

3 The Versailles Treaty

4 Decadence of the Weimar Republic

5 Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Now we have peace in our time! Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

6 France False Sense of Security? The Maginot Line ineffective

7 The Great Depression

8 A Weak League of Nations

9 The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military force.

10 Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

11 Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie

12 Germany Invades the Rhineland March 7, 1936

13 How did Hitler and Mussolini rise to power before the war started? 1. Intimidation Black Shirts and Brown Shirts 2. Came to power in the 1930s with popular political support 3. Used propaganda to heighten fears of Communism, people s resentment of Versailles Treaty, and to promote intense nationalism (sense of identity) 4. Promised economic recovery and glory for nation

14 Mussolini Hitler

15 WWII Events

16 II. Initial German Offensive A. Blitzkrieg of Poland WWII War begins (1939) B. British retreat from Dunkirk, France (1940) C. Hitler avoids Maginot Line and quickly takes France Vichy Gov t set up (1940)

17 Dunkirk Evacuated June 4, 1940

18 France Surrenders June, 1940

19 Now Britain Is All Alone!

20 Battle of Britain: The Blitz

21 The London Tube : Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

22 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill Hitler fails to take Britain

23 III. Hitler moves war to Balkans and Africa A. Mussolini joins Hitler s fight (1940) B. British forced to retreat from Balkans (1940) C. Rommel Desert Fox leads successful panzer attacks in Africa (1940)

24 IV. Hitler Moves East A. Hitler breaks nonaggression pact and invades Soviet Union (1941) B. Soviets enact scorched earth policy C. Germans face resilient Soviet army and harsh Russian winter forced to retreat

25 Operation Barbarossa: Hitler s Biggest Mistake

26 Operation Barbarossa: June 22, ,000,000 German soldiers. 3,400 tanks.

27 V. U.S. Entry into War A. Japanese aggression in China US enacts trade embargo B. Japan signs Tripartite Treaty with whom? C. US seen as obstacle in way of expansion D. Pearl Harbor attack (Dec 7, 1941) E. FDR declares war on Axis nations. (Where does the U.S. first send troops?)

28 VI. Major Victories for Allies Against Germany A. Air Battle over Britain (1940) B. U.S. Entry into war (1941) C. Stalingrad (1943) D. Montgomery s (British Gen.) victory at El Alamein, Egypt (1943) E. Sicily and Italy ( ) F. D-Day (1944) G. Battle of the Bulge (1945) H. V-E Day (May 9, 1945)

29 The North Africa Campaign: The Battle of El Alamein Gen. Ernst Rommel, The Desert Fox Gen. Bernard Law Montgomery ( Monty )

30 The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943 General George S. Patton

31 The Italian Campaign [ Operation Torch ] : Europe s Soft Underbelly Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area - North Africa - Nov May 1943 George S. Patton leads American troops Germans trapped in Tunisia - surrender over 275,000 troops.

32 The Allies Liberate Rome: June 5, 1944

33 Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [ Operation Overlord ]

34 Normandy Landing (June 6, 1944) German Prisoners Higgins Landing Crafts

35 The Battle of the Bulge: Hitler s Last Offensive Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan. 28, 1945

36 V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

37 VII. Major Victories for Allies Against Japan A. Battle of Coral Sea in Pacific (1942) B. Battle at Midway (1942) C. Guadalcanal victory with MacArthur and Nimitz (1942) D. Okinawa and Iwo Jima (1945) E. Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945) F. V-J Day (August 15, 1945)

38 Tinian Island, 1945 Little Boy Fat Man Enola Gay Crew

39 Hiroshima August 6, ,000 killed immediately. 48,000 buildings. destroyed. 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

40 The Beginning of the Atomic Age

41 Nagasaki August 9, ,000 killed immediately. 60,000 injured. 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

42 V-J Day (August 15, 1945)

43 V-J Day in Times Square, NYC

44 VIII. Effects of WWII A. Over 40 million dead (including Holocaust) B. Era of nuclear weaponry C. Cold War ( ) -Stalin breaks promises to grant free elections -two conflicting ideologies = cold East-West relationship -potential of nuclear warfare D. United Nations formed E. Decolonization (independence movements) in Africa and Asia F. Japan s recovery

45 Country Men in war Battle deaths Wounded Australia 1,000,000 26, ,864 Austria 800, , ,117 Belgium 625,000 8,460 55,513 1 Brazil 2 40, ,222 Bulgaria 339,760 6,671 21,878 Canada 1,086, , ,145 China 3 17,250,521 1,324,516 1,762,006 Czechoslovakia 6, ,017 Denmark 4,339 Finland 500,000 79,047 50,000 France 201, ,000 Germany 20,000,000 3,250, ,250,000 Greece 17,024 47,290 Hungary 147,435 89,313 India 2,393,891 32,121 64,354 Italy 3,100, , ,716 Japan 9,700,000 1,270, ,000 Netherlands 280,000 6,500 2,860 New Zealand 194,000 11, ,000 Norway 75,000 2,000 Poland 664, ,000 Romania 650, ,000 6 South Africa 410,056 2,473 U.S.S.R. 6,115, ,012,000 United Kingdom 5,896, , ,267 United States 16,112, , ,846 Yugoslavia 3,741, , ,000 WW II Casualties 1. Civilians only. 2. Army and navy figures. 3. Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. 4. Deaths from all causes. 5. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. 6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. 7. National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

46 The Nuremberg War Trials: Crimes Against Humanity

47 The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later 20 c

48 After the war Ch 31 After WWII, what was done in Europe to restore economic stability? Marshall Plan, European Union, Truman Doctrine What military alliances were formed after the war? NATO and Warsaw Pact How did European governments change after the war? Liberal democracies and welfare states, conservatism arises in 1970 s and 80 s

49 The Division of Germany:

50 The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War

51 The Creation of the U. N.

52 The Race for Space

53 Early Computer Technology Came Out of WW II Colossus, 1941 Mark I, 1944 Admiral Grace Hooper, COBOL language

54 The Emergence of Third World Nationalist Movements

55 The De-Colonization of European Empires

56

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