Connection-Oriented Networks:
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1 Connection-Oriented Networks: SONET/SDH, ATM, MPLS, and Optical Networks Harry Perros Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 1
2 Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 2
3 Course syllabus Introduction (Chapter 1) SONET/SDH and GFP (Chapter 2) ATM networks (Chapter 3) MPLS (Chapters 6 and 7) DiffServ (new material) Congestion Control (new material) GMPLS - Optical networks (Chapters 8, 9, and 10) Virtual Private Networks (new material) Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 3
4 TOPICS Chapter 1: Introduction Classification of communication systems Circuit-switched connections Packet-switched connections What is QoS? Why do we need connection-oriented networks for QoS guarantees?? NGN, IMS Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 4
5 Classification of Communication Networks Communication networks Circuit-switched networks Switched communication networks Packeŧswitched networks Broadcast communication networks Ethernet Packet radio network Satellite network Telephone network Wavelength routing network Connection-oriented networks X.25 ATM Frame relay MPLS IP network Connectionless networks Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 5
6 Switched communication networks Circuit-switched networks: The telephone network Wavelength routing optical network. Packet-switched networks: IP network ATM Frame Relay MPLS networks Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 6
7 Broadcast communication networks Examples: packet radio networks satellite networks WiFi WiMax multi-access Ethernet. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 7
8 Packet-switched networks Connection-oriented networks ATM Frame Relay MPLS Connectionless networks IP Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 8
9 Circuit-switched connections In order for two users to communicate a circuit or a connection has to be first established by the network. Specifically, the following three phases are involved: circuit establishment data transfer circuit disconnect Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 9
10 POTS: an example of a circuit-switched connections Probably the oldest connection-oriented circuit-switched network is the plain old telephone system (POTS). Twisted pair Switch SONET Switch Twisted pair Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 10
11 Wavelength routing optical networks: a circuit-switched connection Router A OXC 1 OXC 2 OXC 3 Router B λ 1,..,λ W λ 1,..,λ W λ 1,..,λ W λ 1,..,λ W A three-node wavelength routing network Router A OXC 1 OXC 2 OXC 3 Router B λ 1 λ 1 λ 1 λ 1 A lightpath Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 11
12 An important feature of a wavelength routing optical network is that it is a circuit-switched network. A connection is an optical path through the optical network (called a lightpath) and it is established using a wavelength on each hop along the connection s path. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 12
13 Connection-oriented packet-switched networks Circuit switching is a good solution for voice, since it involves exchanging a relatively continuous flow of data. However, it is not a good solution for the transmission of bursty data Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 13
14 Connection-oriented packet-switched networks imitate circuit-switched network. In order for two users to communicate a virtual circuit or a connection has to be first established by the network. The following three phases are involved: connection establishment, data transfer, and connection disconnect. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 14
15 A connection in an ATM network ATM switch 1 ATM switch 2 ATM switch 3 A B SETUP SETUP SETUP SETUP CONNECT CONNECT CONNECT CONNECT A bi-directional connection is established using signaling. The connection is associated with an id number. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 15
16 The switching of a cell through an ATM switch is done based on its connection ID number. A connection is associated with a specific class of service. An ATM switch can distinguish cells belonging to different service classes, and serve them accordingly so that to provide them with the requested QoS. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 16
17 An MPLS connection The procedure is similar to ATM. An MPLS-enabled IP router switches IP packets not on a hop-by-hop basis using the packet s IP address. Rather, it forwards them using a label which identifies the connection that the packet has to follow. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 17
18 Quality of Service (QoS) QoS describes the quality of the delivered data by a network. QoS is expressed in terms of the following metrics: end-to-end delay, jitter, and packet loss. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 18
19 QoS metrics for common networking services Tolerance for transport errors Intolerant Tolerant Conversational Voice & video Remote App, Command & Control games Voice mail E-commerce Web browsing Streaming Audio & video IM FTP (foreground) Fax FTP (background) Interactive Delay << 1 Responsive Delay ~ 1s Timely Delay ~ 10 s Background Delay >> 10 s Tolerance for delay Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 19
20 Connectionless packet-switched networks In an IP network, a user can send packets to a destination without having to set up a connection first, i.e., without informing the network prior to transmitting them. This simplifies the network, as there is no need for a special signaling protocol. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 20
21 Routing in IP User A IP network User B The routing of a packet through the network is done on a hop-per-hop basis based on the destination IP address carried in the IP packet s header. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 21
22 An IP router does not offer QoS It cannot distinguish packets from different applications, so that to give priority to packets that carry delay-sensitive data. A packet follows a path which has the smallest number of hops. This does not necessarily provide the shortest delay, or that the jitter is bounded. No guarantees for bandwidth availability. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 22
23 Connection-Oriented Networks can guarantee QoS It can guarantee that the network has sufficient bandwidth to carry a new flow. End-to-end path may satisfy delay, jitter, and packet loss constraints. Packets from a flow can be identified within a router so that they can be scheduled for transmission out on a priority basis according to their requested QoS. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 23
24 Next Generation Networks (NGN) Traditional telecommunication services are separate vertically integrated application- specific networks POTS Internet TV Circuit Switching Packet switching NGN provides a single network capable of carrying any and all services Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros FDM 24
25 Definition of NGN: ITU-T Y.2001 A IP packet-based network that provides telecommunication services, make use of multiple broadband networks, and of QoS enabled transport technologies. The service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. Supports a wide range of services Mobility between fixed systems and fixed and mobile systems Users can freely select services Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 25
26 NGN Layers Third party applications providers Management Network Service stratum Transport stratum Application functions Service control functions Access networks Backbone IP network Other networks End Users Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 26
27 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) IMS was proposed originally by 3GPP for 3G cellular network, but it is now used for wireline networks as well. In simple terms, IMS is a signaling protocol, based on SIP and DIAMETER, that is used in NGN to setup services. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 27
28 The 3GPP IMS Architecture Operator A Operator B AS AS AS HSS HSS AS AS AS S-CSCF I-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF P-CSCF P-CSCF UE... UE UE... UE Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 28
29 Standards Committees ITU-T ISO ANSI IEEE ATM Forum MPLS and Frame Relay Alliance OIF IETF Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 29
30 OMG Workflow management coalition OASIS Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP TeleManagement Forum (TMF): Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 30
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