UAVs for Agriculture. Bill Wiebold

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1 UAVs for Agriculture Bill Wiebold

2 My Path 1. Googled articles related to UAV for agriculture and contacted companies offering UAVs specifically targeted for agriculture 2. Purchased kit from DMZ Aerial (Madison WI) 3. UAV in kit was a first generation DJI UAV that was easy to fly, dependable, and carried by Amazon 4. DJI 2 5. DJI Parrot Bebop for inside demonstrations (have not mastered) 7. Fixed wing from AgEagle 8. Working with private industry

3 Video showing launch

4 Users must understand concerns outside and inside agriculture community Privacy protected by our Constitution FAA regulations must follow (

5 Video showing privacy example

6 Why UAVs Are Important to Agriculture They provide information and more information should help us make better decisions UAVs give operators a unique perspective that is easy, fast, and not hindered by roads, fences, crops, and other barriers to movement

7 Video illustrating eye in sky

8 Why UAVs Are Important to Agriculture They provide information and more information may help us make better decisions UAVs give operators a unique perspective that is easy, fast, and not hindered by roads, fences, crops, and other barriers to movement Farmers able to scout fields throughout season, not just when accessible, and in control of when information is collected

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11 It all about the wavelength of light (light type) and the sensor to detect reflected light energy Gamma rays Ultraviolet Infrared Long wave radio X-rays Visible Short wave radio Most common sensors detect visible and parts of the infrared bands

12 Floor X????? Floor 3 Robust sensors Extensive processing Integral part of PA Floor 2 Additional simple sensors Simple processing/analyses Floor 1 Substitute for the human eye

13 The human eye is an amazing sensor Sensitive to visible light Cameras approximate human eye Do not underestimate the importance or usefulness of the first floor

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16 NE MO Video

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21 September 22

22 The human eye is an amazing sensor Sensitive to visible light Cameras approximate human eye Do not underestimate the importance or usefulness of the first floor Ground truthing will be needed to diagnosis problems Directed scouting and smart sampling are two terms we use Both involve walking/driving to a location selected by looking at images or videos and collecting additional information or samples

23 Floor X????? Floor 3 Robust sensors Extensive processing Integral part of PA Floor 2 Additional simple sensors Simple processing/analyses Floor 1 Substitute for the human eye

24 Simple single color analysis

25 Effect of Crop Rotation on Soybean Canopy Growth Fraction of pixels identified as soybean Soybean rotated with corn Continuous soybean June July

26 Reflected wavelengths often change with time or stress Near IR NDVI = Near IR - R Near IR + R Blue Red Green Healthy leaf Stressed leaf Dead leaf

27 Source: USDA/NASS

28 Source: USDA/NASS

29 NDVI of MO soybean field Red = large and blue = small values Only tells you amount of leaf area; you need additional info to interpret

30 Floor X????? Floor 3 Robust sensors Extensive processing Integral part of PA Floor 2 Additional simple sensors Simple processing/analyses Floor 1 Substitute for the human eye

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33 Floor X????? Floor 3 Robust sensors Extensive processing Integral part of PA Floor 2 Additional simple sensors Simple processing/analyses Floor 1 Substitute for the human eye

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37 Potentially powerful tool for American agriculture FAA rules for use in agriculture are still being developed Visible light sensors most likely entry point for most farmers Additional sensor types will likely require image processing and assistance from professionals Quadcopter can hover and easier to fly Fixed wing covers more area more quickly Look for a new web site called Flying Farmers Thank you!

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