Introduction 11 Chronology 14. Chapter 1: Background on Anne Frank. 1. The Life of Anne Frank 20 Contemporary Authors Online

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1 Contents Introduction 11 Chronology 14 Chapter 1: Background on Anne Frank 1. The Life of Anne Frank 20 Contemporary Authors Online Anne Frank died of typhoid fever and malnutrition in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945 at age fifteen. But her talent as a writer, awareness of her emerging womanhood, and skill for self-analysis have continued to inspire readers since the diary was originally published in English in 1952 as Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. Anne s potential is evident in her diary s insightful descriptions of daily life in the Annex where she and her family hid from the Nazis for two years before their eventual capture. 2. Anne Revised Her Diary with Plans 28 for Publication Carol Ann Lee After discovering the existence of Anne s diary, her father, Otto Frank, was torn about publishing it in its entirety. He has been criticized for editing the original and the for-publication versions, both unfinished; however, Anne herself had begun rewriting her diary for eventual publication, and she herself edited out references to sexuality and criticism of her mother. 3. Miep Gies Saved Anne s Diary and Her Legacy 33 Miep Gies with Alison Leslie Gold Miep Gies, one of Otto Frank s employees, played a pivotal role in providing for the safety of the Franks during their time in the Annex. At her own peril, Gies saved Anne s diary and writings after the Nazis found the Franks and took them away to the concentration camps. 4. Fellow Prisoners at Bergen-Belsen Describe 38 Anne Frank s Last Days Barry Denenberg

2 Women who were imprisoned in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp with Anne and her sister recount Anne s last days and her death. Chapter 2: The Diary of a Young Girl and Genocide 1. Literal and Metaphorical Hiding in The Diary of a Young Girl Karein K. Goertz Anne Frank s diary is replete with images and references to hiding, both in the physical realm of the Annex and in the perspectives of Anne the writer. The residents of the Annex develop their own secret inner lives as they become invisible to the world in their efforts to survive annihilation. 2. Anne Frank s Diary Brought Awareness to 53 Women s and Children s Holocaust Experiences Martha Ravits Anne Frank s diary demonstrated the importance of women s and even children s writing outside the traditionally accepted literary boundaries. People around the world could identify with her insights and come to terms with her identity and struggles. 3. Wiesel s Night and Frank s Diary Reflect 60 Different Perspectives on Genocide Mary D. Lagerwey Elie Wiesel s story, that of a survivor, is part of the grand narrative of males who were arrested, deported, and sent to concentration camps. Anne Frank s story is a voice that speaks for the six million who vanished. 4. Anne Frank s Diary Sentimentalizes Genocide 68 Judith Goldstein Anne Frank s sentiments about people trivialized the actual experience and fear of the Jews hidden life and elevated Anne to a legend. In actuality, many of the Dutch were indifferent to the suffering and disappearance of the Jews in their midst. 46

3 5. Anne Frank s Diary Is a Significant Contribution to the Literature of Atrocity Nigel A. Caplan A reading of all three versions of Anne Frank s diary provides a deeper understanding of her sense of purpose in recording her life in the Annex, as well as her awareness that Nazi persecution is only a step away from the semiordinary life the group has created in hiding. 6. Anne Frank s Diary Is Not a Major Holocaust Text Lawrence Langer Anne Frank s diary ends with the family s capture by the Nazis and so does not represent the entire Holocaust experience of the Jews. But for many readers, it is a more palatable introduction to understanding the Holocaust. 7. Anne Frank s Story Is Not Remarkable Among Victims of Genocide Alvin H. Rosenfeld The story of Anne Frank is not remarkable, given the number of other Jewish children who were exterminated by the Nazis. Anne s story may be more appealing to non-jews because her eventual fate is not widely known and her story does not focus strongly on her Judaism. 8. Anne Frank s Diary Illustrates How Hiding Made Familiar Experiences Strange and Scary Victoria Stewart The uncomfortably strange circumstances of Anne s life in the Annex are much more than a chronicle of a young girl s growing self-awareness. The diary is replete with social, familial, and ethnic themes. Chapter 3: Contemporary Perspectives on Genocide 1. India s Aluminum Industry Is a Form of Genocide Against Indigenous People Felix Padel and Samarendra Das

4 Mining for aluminum in India displaces indigenous people, killing their culture and destroying their land and social structure. 2. Sri Lanka s Tamils Charge an Army Commander and a US Citizen with Genocide Bruce Fein Representing the indigenous civilian Tamils, Tamils Against Genocide asserts it has evidence of 12 counts of genocide, in addition to 106 counts of war crimes and torture, which it submitted to the US Department of Justice. 3. Women and Children Are Murdered in the Darfur Genocide Joshua Price The president of Sudan has declared that the residents of the Darfur region need to be eliminated. The Janjaweed militia routinely torture and kill women and children. 4. The International Criminal Court Is Ineffective in Stopping Genocide in Africa Ronald Elly Wanda The International Criminal Court (ICC) represents a hierarchical, European version of delivering justice rather than an African tradition of consensus. As a result, the ICC has not improved conditions for most African nations and has been ineffective in stopping genocide and violence. 5. Christians in Iraq Are Being Killed in Systematic Genocide Rosie Malek-Yonan Assyrian Christians, an indigenous minority in Iraq, are the targets of genocide, while the United States and coalition forces do little to acknowledge or protect them from terrorism and ethnic cleansing. 6. Many Children Were Murdered or Orphaned in Rwanda s Genocide UNICEF

5 When Rwanda s genocide ended in 1994, three hundred thousand children had been murdered and ninety-five thousand had been orphaned. Ten years later, children were still suffering the consequences, including having to act as heads of households. 7. Young Cambodians Who Survived Genocide 143 Can Identify with Anne Frank s Story Tibor Krausz A young Cambodian woman was so moved by Anne Frank s diary that she translated it into Khmer, her native language, which gave Cambodian students an opportunity to read the book. Many children in that nation are survivors of a genocidal regime and have lost family members. For Further Discussion 147 For Further Reading 149 Bibliography 151 Index 155