Advancing Wind Power in Illinois. David Schweizer PJM Interconnection

Transcription

1 Advancing Wind Power in Illinois AnnualConference 2012 Curtailment of Wind Farms Output David Schweizer PJM Interconnection 1

2 Wind Farm Operational Issues and Curtailment of Wind Farms Illinois Wind Working Group Annual Conference July 18,

3 26% of generation in Eastern Interconnection 28% of load in Eastern Interconnection PJM as Part of the Eastern Interconnection KEY STATISTICS PJM member companies 750+ millions of people served 60 k l d i tt MWs of generating capacity 185,600 miles of transmission lines 65,441 GWh of annual energy 832,331 generation sources 1,365 square miles of territory 214,000 area served 13 states + DC Internal/external tie lines % of transmission i assets in peak load in megawatts 163,848 Eastern Interconnection 21% of U.S. GDP produced in PJM As of 1/4/

4 PJM States with RPS State Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) require suppliers to utilize wind and other renewable resources to serve an increasing percentage of total demand. State RPS State Goal DSIRE: December 2011 State RPS Targets: NJ: 22.5% by 2021 MD: 20% by 2022 DE: 25% by 2026 DC: 20% by 2020 PA: 18%** by 2020 IL: 25% by 2025 OH: 25%** by 2025 NC: 12.5% by 2021 (IOUs) WV: 25%** by 2025 MI: 10% + 1,100 MW by 2015 VA: 15% by 2025 IN: 10% by 2025 Minimum solar requirement ** Includes separate tier of alternative ti energy resources 3 3

5 Projected Renewable Energy Requirements in PJM By 2026: 135,000 GWh of renewable energy, 14% of PJM annual net energy (42 GW of wind and 11 GW of solar) 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Wind and Solar Requirements in PJM (MW) 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, PJM Wind PJM Solar (DC) 4 4

6 Increasing Wind Penetration in PJM 12,000,000 PJM Wind Energy (MWh) 6000 PJM Wind Nameplate Capability (MW) 10,000,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,

7 Existing PJM Wind Installed (MW), by State (5243 MWs as of Dec 2011) PJM Wind Installed MW by State MD, 120 NJ, 8 OH, 403 WV, 583 IL, 2196 PA, 834 IN,

8 Proposed Generation (MW) As of January 4,

9 Proposed Renewable Generation in PJM As of January 4,

10 Wind Farm Coordination Issues Agreements Modeling / Telemetry / Metering Outage Coordination Testing activities Transition into Operations and Markets Wind Forecasting Curtailments due to light load or transmission constraints 9 9

11 January 2012 Wind Generation 5000 January Integrated Hourly Wind Generation (MW) /1 1/3 1/5 1/7 1/9 1/11 1/13 1/15 1/17 1/19 1/21 1/23 1/25 1/27 1/29 1/31 Integrated Hour Average Daily Peak Wind Generation 10 10

12 PJM Wind Output vs Installed Capacity 2011 MW Total Installed Capacity Capability Factor = 26.9% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11 11

13 13 Month Wind Generation 60.0% Mean Wind Capability Factor % 5000 Capability Factor 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Total Capab bility (MW) 0.0% Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11 Jan-12 Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11 Jan-12 Capability Factor 26.6% 39.6% 33.9% 41.0% 26.0% 20.3% 11.1% 11.0% 19.2% 25.0% 38.9% 30.2% 42.2% Total Capability (MW) RTO Load (MW) * Does not incorporate turbine outages, Includes 350 MW dynamically scheduled units 12 12

14 Inputs to Wind Power Forecast Power Data Unit Availability Terrain Global Wind Farm Data Exchange PJM Dt Data Exchange Forecaster Regional Met Data Historical Data 13 13

15 Wind Generation Offers Unit Limits Emergency Max Economic Max Emergency Max = Installed Capacity Value Economic Max = Units expected production based on the participant s forecast Economic Max can equal the Emergency Max Dispatchable Range Economic Min Emergency Min Economic Min cannot exceed the greater of the resource s physical minimum operating level or the level of the unit s Capacity Injection Rights. Economic minimum value based on blade feathering capability or other control limit as available. Emergency Min = 0 MW for wind resources 14 14

16 Constraint Curtailment - Wind Farm Offer Curve Wind Farm Curtailment: SCED lowers wind basepoint towards Eco Min. WF reduced down toward Emerg Min (0) as required. Emergency Maximum MW = expected max output under emergency conditions (Normally Emerg Max = Eco Max) $ per MW Unit can set LMP in this range 0 Economic Maximum MW = expected max economic output of wind farm Economic Minimum MW = minimum value based on blade feathering capability or other control limit as available Emergency Minimum MW = Zero (0) for Wind Generators Wind Generator Operators adjust Wind Turbine Control Systems or manually adjust turbine output to achieve the desired Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) basepoint. MW 15 15

17 Wind Farm Curtailment Flag Definitions: SCED Wind Farm Curtailment Flag Wind Farm Curtailment Flag Wind farms dispatched by PJM must follow PJM dispatch signals. The curtailment flag helps identify when a unit is curtailed. States: (0 = Error, 1 = Curtailed, 2 = Not Curtailed) Prerequisites: Wind Farm is Dispatchable Desired Dispatch from the SCED solution must be less than Eco Max If the Prerequisites are met SCED will generate the curtailment flag

18 Light Load Planning Criteria Background: Existing PJM thermal and reactive criteria peak load Increasing system stress levels at off-peak periods NERC TPL Standards Light Load Criteria includes: Test methodology applied Ramping limits for generator deliverability Generation participation from neighboring systems Result: Possible network upgrades due to light load criteria violations 17 17

19 PJM Wind Initiatives Formed the Intermittent Resource Task Force (IRTF) to address market, operational, and reliability issues specific to variable resources Implemented a centralized wind power forecasting service for use in PJM reliability assessments Implemented multiple changes to improve wind resource management Light Load Planning Criteria Wind Farm Curtailment Flag Echo-back functionality LOC for Wind Farms Wind Forecast in emkt Initiated a PJM Renewable Integration Study to assess impacts to planning, markets, and operations 18 18

20 Additional Information For more information about PJM s initiatives: Exploring Tomorrow s Grid: New developments and technologies to advance the grid: Renewables Dashboard: See how PJM is working to bring renewable energy to the grid: