Green Building 240 Passive Solar Design
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1 Green Building 240 Passive Solar Design Ron Flax Rodwin Architecture Mark Bloomfield Sustainably Built Rodwin Architecture Sustainably Built
2 What is Green Building? Energy efficiency and generation Environmental quality (IAQ) Resource Conservation RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
3 Passive Solar Green Nuclear Power RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
4 Passive Solar A Cutting Edge Science RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
5 Passive Solar Capacity of Biosphere RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
6 Passive Solar Heating Collection RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
7 Solar Storage RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
8 Passive Solar Heating - Distribution of Solar Energy RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
9 Passive Solar Orientation for appropriate collection RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
10 Passive Solar Absorption and Storage RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
11 Thermal Mass RODWIN ARCHITECTURE
12 Passive Solar Heating Some Definitions Conductivity The rate which a material transfers heat through itself. RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
13 Passive Solar Heating Some Definitions Specific Heat The amount of energy it takes to change the temperature of the material. RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
14 Passive Solar Heating Some Definitions Density The mass per volume. RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
15 Passive Solar Heating Some Definitions Heat Capacity The amount of heat that can be stored per unit of volume. RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
16 Passive Solar Heating Some Definitions Thermal Storage Capacity The product of density, specific heat, and conductivity. (How well does the material conduct the heat from the surface, and distribute the energy within itself). RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
17 Passive Solar Heating Phase Change Materials RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
18 Passive Solar History Interest in passive solar design re-emerged as a response to the oil crisis of the 1970s. In sunny Colorado, passive solar glazing strategies pioneered on the East coast sometimes created serious overheating problems. Courtesy: Doug Parker/Boulder County RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
19 Passive Solar Evolution Early (1980 s) passive solar designs focused on large areas of glass and thermal storage mass. Improvements in technology allowed greater expanses of glass to perform better and permit greater control. Courtesy: Doug Parker/Boulder County RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BULT
20 Passive Solar Refined Eric Doub s Solar Harvest House 2009 RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
21 Passive Solar basics 3 basic strategies Direct gain Sunlight directly enters a building through the windows and is absorbed by surfaces. Indirect gain - Sunlight heats storage element such as a Trombe wall which then heats the interior. Isolated gain - Sunlight heats a thermally de-couppled space, and then the heat is distributed to interior. RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
22 Passive Solar basics Direct Collection RODWIN ARCHITECTURE / SUSTAINABLY BUILT
23 Sun Spaces Kachadorian: The Passive Solar House RODWIN ARCHITECTURE
24 Passive Solar basics Aperture (Collector) The window through which sunlight enters the building. Typically, the aperture(s) should face within 20 degrees of true south and should not be shaded by other buildings or trees from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. each day during the heating season. Courtesy: Doug Parker/Boulder County RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/ SUSTAINABLY BUILT
25 Windows RODWIN ARCHITECTURE
26 Passive Solar: How to Size an overhang Use Energy modeling to determine how much solar gain is desired RODWIN ARCHITECTURE & SUSTAINABLY BUILT
27 How to Tune Windows Rules of Thumb: NFRC Ratings U-value =.3 or better A U-value of.3 = R-3.3 This is a big hole in the insulated envelope! Night-time heat losses. West and East facing glass (the big problem in the front range) NFRC Rated SHGC =.3 or lower Max 18% window to floor area ratio Rules of Thumb for Tuned Windows U-Value SHGC North Elevation.26 or lower any South Elevation.3 or lower.22 to.65* Cardinal LoĒ³-366 Glass SHGC: 0.27 / U-FACTOR: 0.24 / LIGHT TRANS: 66% East Elevation.3 or lower.3 or Lower West Elevation.3 or lower.3 or Lower *Special Rules for Passive Solar Design RODWIN ARCHITECTURE
28 Passive Solar Design Additional Features RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/ SUSTAINABLY BUILT
29 Passive Solar Additional Features - Daylighting RODWIN ARCHITECTURE
30 Backup Systems RODWIN ARCHITECTURE
31 Direct Gain Some rules of thumb (from Environmental Building News) RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/ SUSTAINABLY BUILT
32 Energy Modeling Energy Modeling & Passive Solar RODWIN ARCHITECTURE / SUSTAINABLY BUILT
33 Energy Modeling: Software REM/Rate Modeling software for residential buildings Used for 95% of all HERS ratings nationwide Used to qualify homes for Energy Star, LEED-H, IECC Compliance, City and County of Boulder Energy Code Seasonal simulation model Medium modeling complexity Medium reporting capability Passive solar gain capability is medium Produced by Architectural Energy Corporation RODWIN ARCHITECTURE / SUSTAINABLY BUILT
34 Energy Modeling: Software EnergyPlus Modeling software for commercial and residential buildings Used for ASHRAE 90.1 modeling (LEED, tax credits, etc) TMY Hourly Annual Model High Modeling complexity Poor user interface Highly detailed reporting capability (though mostly spreadsheets) Handles passive solar very well Produced by National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) RODWIN ARCHITECTURE / SUSTAINABLY BUILT
35 Energy Modeling: Software Manual J Manual J created by Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) Residential and commercial HVAC equipment sizing Room by room load calculations Only load calculations, no passive solar needed RODWIN ARCHITECTURE / SUSTAINABLY BUILT
36 Energy Modeling: Inputs/Outputs EnergyPlus Inputs Local Hourly Weather Data Site and Building Shading Occupant Schedules Surface Constructions Mechanical Equipment Lights, Appliances Foundation Insulation EnergyPlus Hourly Outputs Window Heat Gains Lights and Equipment Heat Gains Indoor Temperature Heating/Cooling Energy Consumption Energy Loss Through Windows, Roof, Foundation, Infiltration RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
37 Energy Modeling: Process What questions do we want to answer with an energy model? Will these large west windows overheat my living room? What if my views are southwest!? How can I future proof my home? How much insulation do I need? What happens if I m gone for two months? Are those windows worth it? How big should my furnace be? RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
38 Energy Modeling: Process What are the steps? Create geometric model of initial concept in Sketchup Create schedules, envelope specs (in BeOpt) Develop baseline model and series of modeling runs to answer questions Present results to client, discuss possible improvements, further exploration, etc. Change geometry, envelope specs, mechanicals, etc. Re-run model *iterate as necessary Final report RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
39 Energy Modeling: Process DISCLAIMER: Energy consumption costs of actual building are dictated by many factors in the building s construction and operation. Modeling results are intended for evaluation and comparison purposes only. RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
40 Energy Modeling: Analysis THE DATA RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
41 Energy Modeling: Analysis Breakdown of heating gains and losses (heating season only, very tight home) RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
42 Energy Modeling: Analysis Free Run Temperatures How does the building perform without any mechanicals or interior loads? RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
43 Energy Modeling: Analysis Free Run Temperatures Crestone, Colorado RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
44 Energy Modeling: Analysis Free Run Temperatures RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
45 Energy Modeling: Analysis Comfort GEOS - Arvada, Colorado RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
46 Energy Modeling: Analysis Leadville, Colorado RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
47 Energy Modeling: Analysis RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
48 Energy Modeling: Analysis RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
49 Energy Modeling: Analysis Site Shading Analysis (i.e. should we chop down the trees?) RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
50 Energy Modeling: Analysis Other projects that would benefit from energy modeling Phase change materials Log homes Rastra Block thermal mass multiplier RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
51 Energy Modeling: Analysis REM/Rate Output RODWIN ARCHITECTURE/SUSTAINABLY BUILT
52 Thank you! Questions? Ron Flax Rodwin Architecture Mark Bloomfield Sustainably Built RODWIN ARCHITECTURE / SUSTAINABLY BUILT
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Each icon on this map represents the physical location of a station.
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