Colorado Potato Cultivar Management. Research Data Summary
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1 Colorado Potato Cultivar Management Research Data Summary 205 Samuel YC Essah Associate Professor and Extension Specialist Colorado State University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture San Luis Valley Research Center Center, Colorado Not for Reproduction Without Permission -Comments Welcome
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page MISSION STATEMENT... INTRODUCTION... 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS (Data Tables): Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU) Response of Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU) to nitrogen application rate. 4 Response of Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU) to nitrogen application timing. 5 Response of Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU) to in row seed spacing. 6 Teton Russet Response of Teton Russet to nitrogen application rate. 7 Response of Teton Russet to nitrogen application timing.. 8 Response of Teton Russet to in row seed spacing. 9 Mercury Russet Response of Mercury Russet (CO9900-RU) to deficit irrigation 0 Rio Grande Russet Response of Rio Grande Russet to deficit irrigation... Russet Norkotah (sel. 8) Performance of Russet Norkotah (sel. 8) grown under different management practices 2 CO07049-RU Performance of CO07049-RU grown under different management practices 3 CO0705-4RU Performance of CO0705-4RU grown under different management practices 4 AC RU Performance of AC RU grown under different management practices 5 CO W Performance of CO W grown under different management practices 6
3 CO W Performance of CO W grown under different management practices 7 Yukon Gold Performance of Yukon Gold grown under different management practices.. 8 CO07370-W/Y Performance of CO07370-W/Y grown under different management practices 9 CO073-PW/Y Performance of CO073-W/Y grown under different management practices Purple Majesty Performance of Purple Majesty grown under different management practices. 2 CO P/PY Performance of CO P/PY grown under different management practices 22 CO07329-P/Y Performance of CO07329-P/Y grown under different management practices CO05035-PW/Y Performance of CO05035-PW/Y grown under different management practices.. 24 CO05028-P/RWP Performance of CO05028-P/RWP grown under different management practices. 25 Sangre Performance of Sangre grown under different management practices CO0702-R Performance of CO0702-R grown under different management practices MISSION STATEMENT The mission of the Colorado Potato Field Management and Physiology Program is to develop cultural management guidelines for the successful, sustainable and economic production of newly released and existing potato cultivars, as well as advanced potato selections that have the potential of being released, through field and laboratory research. 2
4 INTRODUCTION Each potato cultivar has its own unique set of cultural management requirements for maximizing tuber yield of premium size and quality. Therefore, cultural management practices that maximize tuber production and quality of each potato cultivar must be developed. The best guidelines for nutrient management, irrigation management, plant population management, vine kill management, and other cultural management practices are obtained from field experiments conducted in replicated trials. New cultivars are much more successful when release is accompanied by cultivar specific management guidelines. Information reported in this book reveals management practices that are agronomically sound, economically advantageous, and environmentally responsible, while optimizing potato tuber yield and quality. When management guidelines are tailored for individual cultivars it leads to the successful, sustainable, and economic production of the cultivar, which results in the optimization of its genetic potential, while minimizing economic inputs and environmental degradation. In 205, potato cultivars were evaluated under Colorado production conditions for their response to nitrogen fertilizer application management, potassium fertilizer application management, plant population (in-row seed piece spacing) management and deficit irrigation management. Performance of several advanced potato selections under different grower management conditions are also reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nitrogen Management Study The field study was laid out as randomized complete block design. Treatments included nitrogen application rates at 60, 20,80 and 240 lb. N/ac. A control treatment was included where no nitrogen fertilizer was applied. Each treatment was replicated four times. Soil samples were taken from each experimental site in the spring of 205. The soil samples were analyzed for residual soil nitrate nitrogen together with other soil nutrients. Water samples were taken from the irrigation well and analyzed for nitrate nitrogen concentration. The residual soil and irrigation water nitrate nitrogen concentration added up to 40lb N/ac. Knowledge of the residual soil and irrigation water nitrate nitrogen content is important to help estimate how much nitrogen fertilizer will be needed to apply to the potato crop for optimum tuber yield and quality. Residual soil N + irrigation water N + applied N fertilizer = available nitrogen (N) for the plant. Sixty lb. N/ac was applied pre-plant to all plots except the control treatment. The remaining required N for each treatment was applied in-season in split applications. Urea ammonium nitrate (32-0-0) was used as source of N fertilizer application. In-season N application began after tuber formation. In-season N fertilizer applications were done by applying 5-0 lb. N/acre at every application time until all required N rate for a particular treatment was met. Potato seed piece were cut and suberized for 7 days before planting. Fortress and Teton Russets were planted on May 3, 205. Teton Russet was harvested on September 2, 205. No vine kill was needed for Teton Russet since it senesced naturally. Fortress vines were killed on September 8, 205 and harvested on September 23,
5 Nitrogen Application Timing Studies Potato cultivars used in this field study were Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU), and Teton Russet. The experimental design was randomized complete block with five treatments and four replications. The treatments included.control (In-Season) No nitrogen was applied Pre-Plant, but all required N was applied during the growing season 2. Applying all required N at planting (All) 3. Applying 66% of the required N at planting and the rest applied during the potato growing season 4. Applying 50% of the required N at planting and the remainder applied during the growing season, and 5. Appling 33% of the required N at planting and the rest applied during the potato growing season. The total amount of N applied for each treatment was 40 lb. N/acre. In-season N fertilizer applications were done by applying 5-0 lb. N/acre at every application time until the required N for each treatment was met. Potato seed pieces were machine planted 2 inches within rows spacing on May 8, 205. Fortress Russet was killed by mechanical flailing on September 8, 205. No vine kill was needed for Teton Russet since it senesced naturally. Teton Russet was harvested on September 22. Fortress Russet was harvested on September 23, 205. Plant Population Management (In-Row Seed Spacing) Study Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU) and Teton Russet were used in the seed spacing study. The study was laid out in the field as randomized complete block design. In-row seed spacing treatments included planting seed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 inches spacing. Each treatment was replicated four times. Each plot consisted of three rows spaced 34 inches apart. All potato seed were planted by hand. Seed was cut and suberized for seven days before planting on May 2, 205. Fortress Russet vines were killed by mechanical flailing on September 2, 205, and potatoes were harvested on September 25, 205. Reduced Irrigation Water Use in Potato Production The study was laid out as a factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included three deficit irrigation scenarios, () application of irrigation water to provide 00% ET replacement for the crop growing season. (2) Providing 00% ET replacement until mid tuber bulking and then applying 90% ET replacement for the rest of the growing season. (3) Providing 00% ET replacement until mid tuber bulking and then applying 80% ET replacement for the rest of the growing season. Mercury Russet, an early maturity cultivar and Rio Grande Russet, a medium maturity cultivar, were evaluated under the three irrigation scenarios. Each treatment was replicated four times. Each plot consisted of four rows spaced 34 inches apart. Potato seed pieces were machine planted 2 inches within rows on May 23, 205. Vines of Rio Grande Russet were killed by mechanical flailing on September 8, 205. No vine kill was needed for Mercury Russet, since the vines senesced naturally. The deficit irrigation study was harvested on September 24,
6 Table. Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield and tuber size distribution of Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU), 205 Nitrogen rate Total < 4oz > 4oz > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz (lb N/ac) Yield (cwt/ac) 0N(7) (69) 2 27(32) (64) N(00) (70) 45(37) (62) N(60) (75) 87(46) (63) N(220) (80) 229(54) (67) N(280) (8) 228(54) (69) Figures in brackets and beside N rate treatments indicate total available N (applied + soil + irrigation water N). 2 Figures in brackets and beside yield data indicate % of total. Table 2. Effect of nitrogen application rate on tuber quality of Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU), 205 Nitrogen rate % Growth % External 2 % Hollow % Brown % Internal 3 Specific (lb N/ac) Cracks % Knobs % misshapes Defects Heart Center Defects Gravity 0N(7) N(05) N(60) N(220) N(280) Figures in brackets indicate total available N (applied + soil + irrigation water N). 2 Includes growth cracks, knobs and misshapes. 3 Includes hollow heart and brown center. 5
7 Table 3. Effect of nitrogen application timing on yield and tuber size distribution of Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU), 205 Pre Plant N Total < 4oz > 4oz > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Rate (lb N/ac) Yield (cwt/ac) In-Season (8) 2 269(55) (63) All (77) 22(50) (59) % (72) 208(47) (56) % (78) 234(52) 34 29(64) % (80) 283(56) (59) Indicates % of required N rate applied pre plant. 2 Figures in brackets indicate % of total yield. Note: Total fertilizer N applied for each treatment was 40lb N/Ac. Table 4. Effect of nitrogen application timing on tuber quality of Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU), 205 Pre Plant N % Growth % External 2 % Hollow % Brown % Internal 3 Specific Rate (lb N/ac) Cracks % Knobs % misshapes Defects Heart Center Defects Gravity In-Season All % % % Indicates % of required N rate applied pre plant. 2 Includes growth cracks, knobs and misshapes. 3 Includes hollow heart and brown center. Note: Total fertilizer N applied for each treatment was 40lb N/Ac. 6
8 Table 5. Effect of in row seed spacing on yield and tuber size distribution of Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU), 205 Seed spacing Total < 4oz > 4oz > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz (Inches) Yield (cwt/ac) (78) 266(50) (66) (82) 292(54) (68) (8) 283(53) (68) (85) 37(63) (6) Figures in brackets indicate % of total yield. Table 6. Effect of in row seed spacing on tuber quality of Fortress Russet (AC99375-RU), 205 Seed spacing % Growth % External % Hollow % Brown % Internal 2 Specific (inches) Cracks % Knobs % Misshapes Defects Heart Center Defects Gravity Includes growth cracks, knobs and misshapes. 2 Includes hollow heart and brown center. 7
9 Table 7. Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield and tuber size distribution of Teton Russet, 205 Nitrogen rate Total < 4oz > 4oz > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz (lb N/ac) Yield (cwt/ac) 0N(7) (69) 2 40(36) (6) N(00) (73) 60(38) 3 278(65) N(60) (75) 209(45) (64) N(220) (79) 224(49) (70) N(280) (78) 22(48) (69) Figures in brackets and beside N rate treatments indicate total available N (applied + soil + irrigation water N). 2 Figures in brackets and beside yield data indicate % of total. Table 8. Effect of nitrogen application rate on tuber quality of Teton Russet, 205 Nitrogen rate % Growth % External 2 % Hollow % Brown % Internal 3 Specific (lb N/ac) Cracks % Knobs % misshapes Defects Heart Center Defects Gravity 0N(7) N(00) N(60) N(220) N(280) Figures in brackets indicate total available N (applied + soil + irrigation water N). 2 Includes growth cracks, knobs and misshapes. 3 Includes hollow heart and brown center. 8
10 Table 9. Effect of nitrogen application timing on yield and tuber size distribution of Teton Russet, 205 Pre Plant N Total < 4oz > 4oz > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Rate (lb N/ac) Yield (cwt/ac) In-Season (73) 2 208(45) (65) ALL (74) 26(47) (64) % (69) 69(36) (64) % (69) 206(42) (6) % (75) 22(46) (65) Indicates % of required N rate applied pre plant. 2 Figures in brackets indicate % of total yield. Note: Total fertilizer N applied for each treatment was 40lb N/Ac. Table 0. Effect of nitrogen application timing on tuber quality of Teton Russet, 205 Pre Plant N % Growth % External 2 % Hollow % Brown % Internal 3 Specific Rate (lb N/ac) Cracks % Knobs % misshapes Defects Heart Center Defects Gravity In-Season All % % % Indicates % of required N rate applied pre plant. 2 Includes growth cracks, knobs and misshapes. 3 Includes hollow heart and brown center. Note: Total fertilizer N applied for each treatment was 40lb N/Ac. 9
11 Table. Effect of in row seed spacing on yield and tuber size distribution of Teton Russet, 205 Seed spacing Total < 4oz > 4oz > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz (Inches) Yield (cwt/ac) (75) 23(43) (67) (76) 22(47) (68) (8) 253(52) (7) (84) 277(60) (73) Figures in brackets indicate % of total yield. Table 2. Effect of in row seed spacing on tuber quality of Teton Russet, 205 Seed spacing % Growth % External % Hollow % Brown % Internal 2 Specific (inches) Cracks % Knobs % Misshapes Defects Heart Center Defects Gravity Includes growth cracks, knobs and misshapes. 2 Includes hollow heart and brown center. 0
12 Table 3. Effect of deficit irrigation on yield and tuber size distribution of Mercury Russet (CO9900-RU), 205 Irrigation Total < 4oz > 4oz > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz % of ET Yield (cwt/ac) (73) 36(48) 205 6(57) (73) 68(53) (54) (69) 36(42) 28 93(59) Figures in brackets indicate % of total yield. Table 4. Effect of deficit irrigation on tuber quality of Mercury Russet (CO9900-RU), 205 Irrigation % Growth % External % Hollow % Brown % Internal 2 Specific % of ET Cracks % Knobs % misshapes Defects Heart Center Defects Gravity Includes growth cracks, knobs and misshapes. 2 Includes hollow heart and brown center.
13 Table 5. Effect of deficit irrigation on yield and tuber size distribution of Rio Grande Russet, 205 Irrigation Total < 4oz > 4oz > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz % of ET Yield (cwt/ac) (73) 70(40) (63) (75) 227(48) (6) (77) 23(46) (65) Figures in brackets indicate % of total yield. Table 6. Effect of deficit irrigation on tuber quality of Rio Grande Russet, 205 Irrigation % Growth % External % Hollow % Brown % Internal 2 Specific % of ET Cracks % Knobs % misshapes Defects Heart Center Defects Gravity Includes growth cracks, knobs and misshapes. 2 Includes hollow heart and brown center. 2
14 Table 7. Yield and tuber size distribution of Russet Norkotah (sel.8) grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 8. Tuber quality of Russet Norkotah (sel.8) grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 3
15 Table 9. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO07049-RU grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 20. Tuber quality of CO07049-RU grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 4
16 Table 2. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO0705-4RU grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 22. Tuber quality of CO0705-4RU grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 5
17 Table 23. Yield and tuber size distribution of AC RU grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 24. Tuber quality of AC RU grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 6
18 Table 25. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO W grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 26. Tuber quality of CO W grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 7
19 Table 27. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO W grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 28. Tuber quality of CO W grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 8
20 Table 29. Yield and tuber size distribution of Yukon Gold grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 30. Tuber quality of Yukon Gold grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 9
21 Table 3. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO07370-W/Y grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 32. Tuber quality of CO07370-W/Y grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 20
22 Table 33. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO073-W/Y grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 34. Tuber quality of CO073-W/Y grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 2
23 Table 35. Yield and tuber size distribution of Purple Majesty grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 36. Tuber quality of Purple Majesty grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 22
24 Table 37. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO P/PY grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 38. Tuber quality of CO P/PY grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 23
25 Table 39. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO07329-P/Y grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 40. Tuber quality of CO07329-P/Y grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 24
26 Table 4. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO05035-PW/Y grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 42. Tuber quality of CO05035-PW/Y grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 25
27 Table 43. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO05028-P/RWP grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 44. Tuber quality of CO05028-P/RWP grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 26
28 Table 45. Yield and tuber size distribution of Sangre grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean Table 46. Tuber quality of Sangre grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External % Internal 2 Specific Defects Defects Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes 27
29 Table 47. Tuber diameter of Sangre grown under different management practices, 205 < 2in dia. 2 4in dia. > 4in dia. > 2in dia. < 0oz > 2in dia. > 0oz > 2in dia. Field number Yield (cwt/ac) Mean Dia = diameter. Table 48. Yield and tuber size distribution of CO0702-R grown under different management practices, 205. Total < 4oz > 40z > 6oz 4 6oz 4 0oz 0 6oz > 0oz 6 6oz > 6oz Yield (cwt/at) Mean
30 Table 49. Tuber quality of CO0702-R grown under different management practices, 205. Field Number % External Defects % Internal Defects 2 Specific Gravity Mean It includes growth cracks, knobs, and misshapes Table 50. Tuber diameter of CO0702-R grown under different management practices, 205 < 2in dia. 2 4in dia. > 4in dia. > 2in dia. < 0oz > 2in dia. > 0oz > 2in dia. Field number Yield (cwt/ac) Mean Dia = diameter. 29
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