Status of Non-communicable Diseases in India in Global Context

Transcription

1 Status of Non-communicable Diseases in India in Global Context Seminar on Nutrition & Lifestyle for Emerging NCD Challenges 26 th April 2012 Dr. Damodar Bachani Director Professor & Head, Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi 1

2 Disease Burden due to NCDs

3 Mortality estimates due to NCDs Globally all deaths (2005) Globally deaths due to NCD (2005) 58 million* 35 million* (60.3%) All deaths in India (2004) 10.3 million # Deaths due to NCDs in India (2004) 5.2 million # (50.5%) * Source: WHO # Source: ICMR

4 Percentage of NCD deaths, by cause in WHO Regions, % 80% Other NCDs Diabetes % of Death 60% 40% Respiratory diseases Cancers 20% Cardiovascular diseases 0% Africa The Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Western Pacific Four major NCDs cause 80% of deaths due to NCDs in all WHO Regions Source: WHO global Health observatory

5 Distribution of deaths by major cause-india Others 9.9% (N=11,242) Injuries 9.6% (N=10,890) Noncommunicable disease 42.4% (N=48,170) Communicable disease, maternal & perinatal conditions, nutritional deficiencies 38.2% (N=43,390) Deaths due to NCDs outnumber deaths due to communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal causes and nutritional conditions combined Source: RGI-CGHR Million Death Study

6 Distribution of deaths by major cause among men and women, India: % Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non communicable diseases Injuries Symptoms, signs and ill defined conditions Male Fem ale Among men, NCDs cause majority of deaths whereas ; among women, communicable diseases along with maternal and child health and nutritional conditions are leading causes of deaths closely followed by NCDs Source: RGI-CGHR Million Death Study

7 Causes of Death (%) in Urban Population (25 to 69 years) India: Cardiovascular Diseases 17 Malignant & other Neoplasms COPD, Asthma & other Respiratory Diseases Diabetes Mellitus Motor vehicle accidents 7.7 Unintentional Injuries 3.3 Digestive Diseases 5.8 Genito-urinary diseases Tuberculosis major NCDs- Cardiovascular diseases, Malignant & other Neoplasms, COPD, Asthma & other respiratory diseases & Diabetes Mellitus contributes to 55% of the total reported deaths in urban area Symptoms, signs & ill defined conditions Other causes Source :Special Survey of Deaths, Registrar General of India

8 Causes of Death (%) in Rural Population (25 to 69 years) India: Cardiovascular Diseases COPD, Asthma, other Respiratory Diseases Malignant & other Neoplasms Unintentional Injuries Intentional Self harm Digestive Diseases Tuberculosis Malaria Diarrhoeal Diseases Symptoms, signs & ill defined conditions Other Causes 3 major NCDs-Cardiovascular diseases, COPD, Asthma & other respiratory diseases, Malignant & other Neoplasms contributes to 43% of the total reported deaths in rural area Source :Special Survey of Deaths, Registrar General of India

9 Disease Burden due to NCDs More than 20% of the population have at least one chronic disease More than 10% have more than one chronic disease

10 Current Status & Future Trends on Key NCDs in India Diseases Existing Burden and Trends Cancer 28 lakh (2010); Incidence 10 lakh in a year; 20-25% increase in 5 years Cardiovascular Diseases 2.9 crore (2000); Expected to rise to 6.4 crore by 2015 Stroke 20 lakh Diabetes 5.1 crore (2010); Expected to rise to 8 crore by 2030 Chronic Kidney Disease Incidence of End Stage Renal Disease /year = 175/ million population Chronic Lung Disease Burden: 3.9 crore Mental Disorders 6-7% of population; 1-2% have severe mental disorders;

11 Risk Factors & Determinants of NCDs

12 NCD: From Risk Factors to Disease Evidence, Policy, Action, Partnership Behavioural Risk Factors Tobacco use Unhealthy Diet Alcohol Phys. Inactivity Intermediate Risk Factors Raised BP High BMI Dyslipidemia Raised blood glucose Endpoints CVD Cancers COPD Diabetes Determinants and Facilitators Social Economic Cultural Environmental Age Gender Genes

13 The four major NCDs are caused by four common lifestyle related risk factors tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol Shared Risk Factors NCDs Tobacco use Unhealthy diets Physical inactivity Harmful use of alcohol Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes (Type II) Cancer Chronic respiratory disease

14 Deaths caused by NCD Risk Factors in India

15 Disease Prevention and Health Promotion MI HT COPD CHD DIABETES STROKE OVERWEIGHT SMOKING ALCOHOL Social Determinants UNHEALTHY DIET ENVIRON. POLLUTION PHYSICAL INACTIVITY Hit the Route & Trunk, branches will fall automatically

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