Interactive Science Grade

Transcription

1 A Correlation of Interactive Science 2012 To the Missouri Grade Level Expectations for Science

2 Introduction This document demonstrates the close alignment between Interactive Science, 2012, and the Missouri Science Standards for Grades K-5. Correlation page references are Teacher s Edition and Student Edition. Lessons in the Teacher s Edition contain facsimile Student Edition pages. Pearson Education is pleased to introduce Interactive Science, a Kindergarten through Grade 5 program that makes all students really want to learn more about science and the world. It helps students develop scientific literacy so they better understand the world we live in. Organized into three distinct pathways reading, inquiry, and digital, Interactive Science makes learning and teaching science personal, relevant, and engaging for both students and teachers. Reading Path Target Reading Skills, continual vocabulary support, and graphic organizers help students develop critical reading skills and strategies to uncover meaning when they read. Core Content in the Write-in Student Editions as well as below-, on-, and advanced-leveled Readers with built-in ELL support give students tools to become successful readers. Inquiry Path ABCs of Inquiry Activity Before Concept activities in the Write-in Student Edition engage students and set a purpose for reading. Scaffolded inquiry activities consist of directed, guided, and open inquiry options to allow students to move from teacher-directed to student-centered hand-on experiences. Digital Path Interactive Science goes digital at myscienceonline.com. Untamed Science and Got It? 60- Second Videos, I Will Know activities, and Virtual labs resources engage students in today s digital world. My scienceonline.com can be used for teacher-led instruction from a single computer, with an interactive whiteboard, or by students working at their own pace at school or at home. 2

3 Table of Contents 1 Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy Properties and Principles of Force and Motion Characteristics and Interactions of Living Organisms Changes in Ecosystems and Interactions of Organisms with their Environments Processes and Interactions of the Earth's Systems (Geosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere) Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It Scientific Inquiry Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity

4 for Science, 1 Properties and Principles of Matter and Energy 1.1 Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter 1.1.A Objects, and the materials they are made of, have properties that can be used to describe and classify them 1.1.B Properties of mixtures depend upon the concentrations, properties, and interactions of particles 1.1.C Properties of matter can be explained in terms of moving particles too small to be seen without tremendous magnification 1.1.D Physical changes in the state of matter that result from thermal changes can be explained by the Kinetic Theory of Matter 1.1.D.a Compare the observable physical SE/TE: properties of solids, liquids, or gases (air) (i.e., visible vs. invisible, changes in shape, changes in the amount of space occupied) 1.1.D.b Identify everyday objects/substances as solid, liquid, or gas (e.g., air, water) 1.1.D.c Recognize water evaporates (liquid water changes into a gas as it moves in air) 1.1.D.d Measure and compare the temperature of water when it exists as a solid to its temperature when it exists as a liquid 1.1.D.e Investigate and recognize water can change from a liquid to a solid (freeze), and back again to a liquid (melt), as the result of temperature changes 1.1.D.f Describe the changes in the physical properties of water (i.e., shape, volume) when frozen or melted 1.1.D.g Predict and investigate the effect of heat energy (i.e., change in temperature, melting, evaporation) on objects and materials 1.1.E The atomic model describes the electrically neutral atom SE/TE: 329 SE/TE: 328, SE/TE: 328, 333 SE/TE: 328, SE/TE: 328, SE/TE: 333 4

5 for Science, 1.1.F The periodic table organizes the elements according ir atomic structure and chemical reactivity 1.1.G Properties of objects and states of matter can change chemically and/or physically 1.1.H Chemical bonding is the combining of different pure substances (elements, compounds) to form new substances with different properties 1.1.I Mass is conserved during any physical or chemical change 1.2 Energy has a source, can be transferred, and can be transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems 1.2.A Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat), and a receiver 1.2.A.a Identify sources of thermal energy (e.g., Sun, stove, fire, body) that can cause solids to change to liquids, and liquids to change to gas 1.2.A.b Identify sources of light energy (e.g., Sun, bulbs, flames) 1.2.A.c Recognize light can be transferred from the source receiver (eye) through space 1.2.A.d Identify the three things (light source, object, and surface) necessary to produce a shadow SE/TE: SE/TE: SE/TE: 379 SE/TE: 288, , B Mechanical energy comes from the motion (kinetic energy) and/or relative position (potential energy) of an object 1.2.C Electromagnetic energy from the Sun (solar radiation) is a major source of energy on Earth 1.2.C.a Recognize the Sun is the primary source of light and food energy on Earth 1.2.D Chemical reactions involve changes in the bonding of atoms with the release or absorption of energy 1.2.E Nuclear energy is a major source of energy throughout the universe 1.2.F Energy can change from one form to another within systems, but the total amount remains the same SE/TE: 227, 357 5

6 for Science, 2 Properties and Principles of Force and Motion 2.1 The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point 2.1.A The motion of an object is described as a change in position, direction, and speed relative to another object (frame of reference) 2.1.B An object that is accelerating is speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction 2.1.C Momentum depends on the mass of the object and the velocity with which it is traveling 2.2 Forces affect motion 2.2.A Forces are classified as either contact forces (pushes, pulls, friction, buoyancy) or noncontact forces (gravity, magnetism), that can be described in terms of direction and magnitude 2.2.B Every object exerts a gravitational force on every other object 2.2.C Magnetic forces are related to electrical forces as different aspects of a single electromagnetic force 2.2.D Newton's Laws of Motion explain the interaction of mass and forces, and are used to predict changes in motion 2.2.E Perpendicular forces act independently of each other 2.2.F Simple machines (levers, inclined planes, wheel and axle, pulleys) affect the force applied to an object and/or direction of movement as work is done 3 Characteristics and Interactions of Living Organisms 3.1 There is a fundamental unity underlying the diversity of all living organisms 3.1.A Organisms have basic needs for survival 3.1.A.a Describe the basic needs of most plants (i.e., air, water, light, nutrients, temperature) SE/TE: 98, 99, 100, 6

7 for Science, 3.1.B Organisms progress through life cycles unique to different types of organisms 3.1.B.a Recognize plants progress through life cycles of seed germination, growth and development, reproduction, and death 3.1.B.b Sequence and describe the stages in the life cycle of a flowering plant SE/TE: , SE/TE: C Cells are the fundamental units of structure and function of all living things 3.1.D Plants and animals have different structures that serve similar functions necessary for the survival of the organism 3.1.D.a Identify the major organs (roots, stems, flowers, leaves) and their functions in vascular plants (e.g., absorption, transport, reproduction) (Do NOT assess the term vascular) 3.1.E Biological classifications are based on how organisms are related SE/TE: , , , , Living organisms carry out life processes in order to survive 3.2.A The cell contains a set of structures called organelles that interact to carry out life processes through physical and chemical means 3.2.B Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes necessary survival of most organisms on Earth 3.2.C Complex multicellular organisms have systems that interact to carry out life processes through physical and chemical means 3.2.C.a Illustrate and trace the path of water SE/TE: and nutrients as they move through the transport system of a plant 3.2.D Cells carry out chemical transformations that use energy for the synthesis or breakdown of organic compounds 3.2.E Protein structure and function are coded by the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule 3.2.F Cellular activities and responses can maintain stability internally while external conditions are changing (homeostasis) 3.2.G Life processes can be disrupted by disease (intrinsic failures of the organ systems or by infection due to other organisms) 7

8 for Science, 3.3 There is a genetic basis for the transfer of biological characteristics from one generation next through reproductive processes 3.3.A Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually 3.3.B All living organisms have genetic material (DNA) that carries hereditary information 3.3.C Chromosomes are components of cells that occur in pairs and carry hereditary information from one cell to daughter cells and from parent to offspring during reproduction 3.3.D There is heritable variation within every species of organism 3.3.D.a Identify and relate the similarities and SE/TE: differences between plants and their offspring (i.e., seedlings) 3.3.E The pattern of inheritance for many traits can be predicted by using the principles of Mendelian genetics 4 Changes in Ecosystems and Interactions of Organisms with their Environments 4.1 Organisms are interdependent with one another and with their environment 4.1.A All populations living together within a community interact with one another and with their environment in order to survive and maintain a balanced ecosystem 4.1.B Living organisms have the capacity to produce populations of infinite size, but environments and resources are finite 4.1.C All organisms, including humans, and their activities cause changes in their environment that affect the ecosystem 4.1.D The diversity of species within an ecosystem is affected by changes in the environment, which can be caused by other organisms or outside processes 4.2 Matter and energy flow through an ecosystem 4.2.A As energy flows through the ecosystem, all organisms capture a portion of that energy and transform it to a form they can use 4.2.A.a Identify sunlight as the primary source SE/TE: 98, 99, of energy plants use to produce their own food 8

9 for Science, 4.2.A.b Classify populations of organisms as producers or consumers by the role they serve in the ecosystem 4.2.A.c Sequence the flow of energy through a food chain beginning with the Sun 4.2.A.d Predict the possible effects of removing an organism from a food chain 4.2.B Matter is recycled through an ecosystem SE/TE: 185 SE/TE: SE/TE: Genetic variation sorted by the natural selection process explains evidence of biological evolution 4.3.A Evidence for the nature and rates of evolution can be found in anatomical and molecular characteristics of organisms and in the fossil record 4.3.B Reproduction is essential continuation of every species 4.3.C Natural selection is the process of sorting individuals based on their ability to survive and reproduce within their ecosystem 5 Processes and Interactions of the Earth's Systems (Geosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere) 5.1 Earth's systems (geosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) have common components and unique structures 5.1.A The Earth's crust is composed of various materials, including soil, minerals, and rocks, with characteristic properties 5.1.B The hydrosphere is composed of water (a material with unique properties) and other materials 5.1.C The atmosphere (air) is composed of a mixture of gases, including water vapor, and minute particles 5.1.C.a Recognize liquid water can change into a SE/TE: gas (vapor) in the air 5.1.C.b Recognize clouds and fog are made of tiny droplets of water 5.1.C.c Recognize air is a substance that surrounds us, takes up space, and moves around us as wind SE/TE: SE/TE: 228 9

10 for Science, 5.1.D Climate is a description of average weather conditions in a given area over time 5.2 Earth's systems (geosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) interact with one another as they undergo change by common processes 5.2.A The Earth's materials and surface features are changed through a variety of external processes 5.2.B There are internal processes and sources of energy within the geosphere that cause changes in Earth's crustal plates 5.2.C Continual changes in the Earth's materials and surface that result from internal and external processes is described by the rock cycle 5.2.D Changes in the Earth over time can be inferred through rock and fossil evidence 5.2.E Changes in the form of water as it moves through Earth's systems are described as the water cycle 5.2.E.a Describe clouds and precipitation as SE/TE: 221, 223, forms of water 5.2.F Constantly changing properties of the atmosphere occur in patterns which are described as weather 5.2.G The geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere are continually interacting through processes that transfer energy and Earth's materials 5.3 Human activity is dependent upon and affects Earth's resources and systems 5.3.A Earth's materials are limited natural resources affected by human activity 6 Composition and Structure of the Universe and the Motion of the Objects Within It 6.1 The universe has observable properties and structure 6.1.A The Earth, Sun, and moon are part of a larger system that includes other planets and smaller celestial bodies 6.1.A.a Describe our Sun as a star because it SE/TE: 276 provides light energy solar system 6.1.A.b Recognize the moon is a reflector of light SE/TE:

11 for Science, 6.1.B The Earth has a composition and location suitable to sustain life 6.1.C Most of the information we know about the universe comes from the electromagnetic spectrum 6.2 Regular and predictable motions of objects in the universe can be described and explained as the result of gravitational forces 6.2.A The apparent position of the Sun and other stars, as seen from Earth, changes in observable patterns 6.2.A.a Illustrate and describe how the Sun SE/TE: appears to move slowly across the sky from east to west during the day 6.2.B The apparent position of the moon, as seen from Earth, and its actual position relative to Earth change in observable patterns 6.2.B.a Illustrate and describe how the moon SE/TE: appears to move slowly across the sky from east to west during the day and/or night 6.2.B.b Observe the change in the moon's appearance relative to time of day and month over several months and note the pattern in this change SE/TE: C The regular and predictable motions of the Earth and moon relative Sun explain natural phenomena on Earth, such as day, month, year, shadows, moon phases, eclipses, tides, and seasons 6.2.C.a Recognize there is a day/night cycle SE/TE: every 24 hours 6.2.C.b Describe the changes in length and position (direction) of shadows from morning to midday to afternoon 6.2.C.c Describe how the Sun's position in the sky changes the length and position of shadows SE/TE: SE/TE: D Gravity is a force of attraction between objects in the solar system that governs their motion 7 Scientific Inquiry 7.1 Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills, scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking 7.1.A Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation 7.1.A.a Pose questions about objects, materials, SE/TE: 8, 18, 19 organisms, and events in the environment 11

12 for Science, 7.1.A.b Plan and conduct a fair test to answer a question SE/TE: 8, B Scientific inquiry relies upon gathering evidence from qualitative and quantitative observations 7.1.B.a Make qualitative observations using the five senses 7.1.B.b Make observations using simple tools and equipment (e.g., hand lenses, magnets, thermometers, metric rulers, balances, graduated cylinders) 7.1.B.c Measure length nearest centimeter, mass using grams, temperature using degrees Celsius, volume using liters 7.1.B.d Compare amounts/measurements SE/TE: , B.e Judge whether measurements and computation of quantities are reasonable This standard is addressed throughout the program. Please see representative pages: SE/TE: 10, 11, 34, 88, 138, 162, 218, , 328, 386 This standard is addressed throughout the program. Please see representative pages: SE/TE: 16, 34, 78-83, , 154, 184, 190, , 238, SE/TE: 28, 82, 190, 225, 280, 334, 335, , 339, SE/TE: Representative Pages: 28, 82, 190, 225, 280, 334, 335, , 339, C Evidence is used to formulate explanations 7.1.C.a Use quantitative and qualitative data as This standard is addressed throughout the support for reasonable explanations program. Please see representative pages: SE/TE: 190, 224, 238, 250, 280, 288, 328, 334, 341, C.b Use data as support for observed patterns and relationships, and to make predictions to be tested 7.1.D scientific principles (understandings) 7.1.D.a Evaluate the reasonableness of an explanation SE/TE: 67, 88, 193, 218, 288, 293, 294, 328, 334, , 414 Scientific inquiry includes evaluation of explanations (hypotheses, laws, theories) in light of 7.1.D.b Analyze whether evidence supports proposed explanations 7.1.E SE/TE: Representative Pages: 190, 224, 238, 250, 280, 288, 328, 334, 341, 354 SE/TE: 67, 88, 213, 218, 317, 328, 441 The nature of science relies upon communication of results and justification of explanations 7.1.E.a Communicate simple procedures and results of investigations and explanations through: 7.1.E.a.1 oral presentations SE/TE: Representative Pages: 22, 28, 34-35, 48, 54, 136, 176, 303, 362, E.a.2 drawings and maps SE/TE: 122, 154, 162, 176, 211, 303, 315, 316,

13 for Science, 7.1.E.a.3 data tables This standard is addressed throughout the program. Please see representative pages: SE/TE: 48, 163, 184, 212, 238, 303, 316, 328, 340, 427, E.a.4 graphs (bar, single line, SE/TE: 22, 272, 441 pictograph) 7.1.E.a.5 writings This standard is addressed throughout the program. Please see representative pages: SE/TE: 136, 138, 154, 163, 176, 190, 213, 218, 224, Impact of Science, Technology and Human Activity 8.1 The nature of technology can advance, and is advanced by, science as it seeks to apply scientific knowledge in ways that meet human needs 8.1.A Designed objects are used to do things better or more easily and to do some things that could not otherwise be done at all 8.1.A.a Recognize some objects or materials (e.g., Sun, fire, ice, snow) occur in nature (natural objects); others (e.g., stoves, refrigerators, bulbs, candles, lanterns) have been designed and made by people to solve human problems and enhance the quality of life (manmade objects) SE/TE: 4, 48, 54, B Advances in technology often result in improved data collection and an increase in scientific information 8.1.B.a Describe how new technologies have SE/TE: 28-31, 34, 51-53, 225, 301, 304 helped scientists make better observations and measurements for investigations (e.g., telescopes, magnifiers, balances, microscopes, computers, stethoscopes, thermometers) 8.1.C Technological solutions to problems often have drawbacks as well as benefits 8.2 Historical and cultural perspectives of scientific explanations help to improve understanding of the nature of science and how science knowledge and technology evolve over time 8.2.A People of different gender and ethnicity have contributed to scientific discoveries and the invention of technological innovations 8.2.A.a Research biographical information about various scientists and inventors from different gender and ethnic backgrounds, and describe SE/TE: 37-40, 45, 50, 62, 146, 258, 296, 408, how their work contributed to science and 428 technology 8.2.B Scientific theories are developed based on the body of knowledge that exists at any particular time and must be rigorously questioned and tested for validity 13

14 for Science, 8.3 Science and technology affect, and are affected by, society 8.3.A People, alone or in groups, are always making discoveries about nature and inventing new ways to solve problems and get work done 8.3.A.a Identify a question that was asked, or SE/TE: 8, 9, 18, 22, 78 could be asked, or a problem that needed to be solved when given a brief scenario (fiction or nonfiction of people working alone or in groups solving everyday problems or learning through discovery) 8.3.A.b Work with a group to solve a problem, giving due credit ideas and contributions of each group member 8.3.B Social, political, economic, ethical and environmental factors strongly influence, and are influenced by, the direction of progress of science and technology 8.3.C Scientific ethics require that scientists must not knowingly subject people or the community to health or property risks without their knowledge and consent 8.3.D Scientific information is presented through a number of credible sources, but is at times influenced in such a way to become noncredible SE/TE: 28,