Key to Pronunciation Symbols

Transcription

1 Key to Pronunciation Symbols Part One Gurm Char a,a,e E Symbols used for romaniza tion A, A, E (a) Ao (o) Examples of Pronunciation abut, ago, abroad, achieve, adopt, agree, alone, banana oak, oath, oatmeal, s s source, less, simple, some h h hat, head, hand, happy k k kin, cook, ache, kick, cat K kh German ich, Buch (deep palatal sound of k) Khaki (a yellowish color), Khomeni (Ayatula) g g go, big, gift, gag, game G gh Deep palatal sound of g something like in ghost ny Must be learnt. c ch chin, nature, church C chh Similar to sh in shin, must be learnt j j job, gem, edge, join, judge J jh Deep labial sound of j \ nj Must be learnt. t t tie, attack, tin, tap, T th thug, f d did, adder, deed, dam, double, F dh Deep palatal sound of d

2 H x n Must be learnt. q t Must be learnt. Q th thin, thick, three, ether, d d the, then, either, this, there D Dh Deep labial sound of 'the' n n no, own, sudden, nib, p p pepper, lip, pit, paper P f fifty, cuff, phase, rough, fit, foot, fur b b baby, rib, bib, button, B bh Deep palatal sound of b m m mum, murmur, dim, nymph X y yard, young, union r r red, car, rarity, rose l l lily, pool, lid, needle, lamb v v vivid, give, live V rh Deep palatal sound of r (must be learnt) S sh shy, mission, machine, special ^ kh Deep palatal sound of kh Z g Deep palatal sound of g z z zone, raise, zebra, xylem & f Deep labial sound of f L l Deep palatal sound of l H Same as h but of short duration

3 R H Same as h but of short duration ç ch Same as ch but of short duration t Same as t but of short duration œ t Same as t but of short duration n Same as n but of short duration y Same as y but of short duration R (r) Same as r but of short duration Í u U y Y o O v Same as v but of short duration w aa bother, cot, father, cart, palm W aa N This adds nasal tone to aa i i tip, banish, active, pit, it, give I ee nosebleed, bee, feed, beat, u bull, pull, full, cure hood, book oo cool, pool, boot, tool, rule ay ray, say, day, hay, bay ai mat, map, bad, lad, glad, rat, bat, o bone, know, toe, note, go ou out, pound, now, loud N N indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the N or M indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the

4 Gurm Char Symbols used for romaniza tion Part Two (Custom characters) Examples of Pronunciation a,a,e a, A, e abut, ago, abroad, achieve, adopt, agree, alone, banana E E oak, oath, oatmeal, s s source, less, simple, some h h hat, head, hand, happy k k kin, cook, ache, kick, cat K K German ich, Buch (deep palatal sound of k) Khaki (a yellowish color), Khomeni (Ayatula) g g go, big, gift, gag, game G G Deep palatal sound of g something like in ghost Must be learnt. c c chin, nature, church C C Similar to sh in shin, must be learnt j j job, gem, edge, join, judge J J Deep labial sound of j \ \ Must be learnt. t t tie, attack, tin, tap, T T thug, f f did, adder, deed, dam, double, F F Deep palatal sound of d x x Must be learnt. q q Must be learnt.

5 ç Q Q thin, thick, three, ether, d d the, then, either, this, there D D Deep labial sound of 'the' n n no, own, sudden, nib, p p pepper, lip, pit, paper P P fifty, cuff, phase, rough, fit, foot, fur b b baby, rib, bib, button, B B Deep palatal sound of b m m mum, murmur, dim, nymph X X yard, young, union r r red, car, rarity, rose l l lily, pool, lid, needle, lamb v v vivid, give, live V V Deep palatal sound of r (must be learnt) S S shy, mission, machine, special ^ ^ Deep palatal sound of kh Z Z Deep palatal sound of g z z zone, raise, zebra, xylem & & Deep labial sound of f L L Deep palatal sound of l H Same as h but of short Same as h but of short duration ç Same as ch but of short duration

6 Same as t but of short duration œ œ Same as t but of short duration Same as n but of short duration Same as y but of short duration R R Same as r but of short duration Í Í Same as v but of short duration w w bother, cot, father, cart, palm W W This adds nasal tone to aa i i tip, banish, active, pit, it, give I I nosebleed, bee, feed, beat, u u bull, pull, full, cure hood, book U U cool, pool, boot, tool, rule y y ray, say, day, hay, bay Y Y mat, map, bad, lad, glad, rat, bat, o o bone, know, toe, note, go O O out, pound, now, loud N N indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the M M indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the